Chapter 45: Digestive and Gastrointestinal Treatment Modalities

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Antireflux valve: valve that prevents return or backward flow of fluid  Bolus: a feeding administered into the stomach in large amounts and at designated intervals  Central venous access devic ... e (CVAD): a device designed and used for administration of sterile fluids, nutrition formulas, and medications into central veins  Cyclic feeding: periodic infusion of feedings given over 8 to 18 hours  Decompression (gastric/intestinal): removal of gastric or intestinal contents to prevent gas and fluid distention  Dumping syndrome: physiologic response to rapid emptying of gastric contents into the small intestine, manifested by nausea, weakness, sweating, palpitations, syncope, and possibly diarrhea; occurs in patient who have had a rapid infusion of fluids and nutrition formulas directly into a tube accessing the small intestine  Enteral access device: device inserted into the gastrointestinal tract for either decompression and drainage or the infusion of nutrition formulas, fluid, and medications  Enteral nutrition: nutritional formula feedings infused through a tube directly into the gastrointestinal tract  Gastroparesis: partial paralysis of the stomach that results in decreased gastric motility and emptying  Gastrostomy: surgical creation of an opening into the stomach for the purpose of administering fluids, nutrition formulas, and medications or for decompression and drainage of stomach contents  Intravenous fat emulsion (IVFE): an oil-in-water emulsion of oils, egg phospholipids, and glycerin; also referred to as intravenous lipid emulsion  Intubation: the insertion or placement of a tube into a body structure or passageway  Jejunostomy: surgical creation of an opening into the jejunum for the purpose of administering fluids, nutrition formulas, and medications  Jejunum: second portion of the small intestine, which extends from the duodenum to the ileum  Lavage: flushing of the stomach with water or other fluids with a gastric tube to clear it  Lumen: the channel within a tube or catheter  Nasoduodenal tube: tube inserted through the nose into the proximal portion of the small intestine (i.e., duodenum)  Nasoenteric tube: tube inserted through the nose into the stomach and beyond the pylorus into the small intestine  Nasogastric (NG) tube: tube inserted through the nose into the stomach  Nasojejunal tube: tube inserted through the nose into the second portion of the small intestine (i.e., jejunum)  Orogastric tube: tube inserted through the mouth into the stomach  Osmolality: ionic concentration of fluid  Parenteral nutrition (PN): method of supplying nutrients to the body by an intravenous route  Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG): a feeding tube inserted endoscopically into the stomach  Peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC): a device inserted into a peripheral vein and designed and used for administration of sterile fluids, nutrition formulas, and medications into central veins  Peristalsis: wavelike movement that occurs involuntarily in the alimentary canal  Ph: the degree of acidity or alkalinity of a substance or solution  Radiopaque: can be easily localized on x-ray  Stoma: artificially created opening between a body cavity (e.g., stomach or intestine) and the body surface 1 [Show More]

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