Biology > Study Notes > Edexcel A-level Biology Notes 1 (Well Structured and with Exam Tips) (All)

Edexcel A-level Biology Notes 1 (Well Structured and with Exam Tips)

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INDEX 1. CARBOHYDRATES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2. LIPIDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 3. PROTEINS . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 4. DNA AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 5. ENZYMES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 6. INORGANIC IONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 7. WATER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES 1. Carbohydrates MODULE 1snaprevise.co.uk 5 Carbohydrates Disaccharide = macromolecule consisting of 2 sugar molecules joined by a glycosidic bond Polysaccharide = macromolecule consisting of more than 2 sugars — often a long chain polymer — joined together by glycosidic bonds Two sugar molecules join together by a glycosidic bond (shown below): Glycosidic Bond • Repeats between thousands of sugar monomers to form a polysaccharide ○ A polysaccharide is not a sugar • If just two sugar monomers bond, they form a specific disaccharide • Form by a condensation reaction • Broken by hydrolysis • Generally 1,4-glycosidic bonds Beaning the bond forms between Carbon atom 1 and Carbon atom 4 EXAM TIP You should be aware of the different combinations of sugar that form different disaccharides: • Glucose + Fructose = Sucrose (found in sugar cane) • Glucose + Galactose = Lactose (found in milk) • a-Glucose + a-Glucose = Maltose (found in germinating seeds) [Show More]

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