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NR602 / NR-602 Final Exam Study Guide Updated: Primary Care of the Childbearing & Childrearing Family Practicum - Chamberlain

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NR-602 Primary Care of the Childbearing & Childrearing Family Practicum FINAL STUDY GUIDE NR-602 Primary Care of the Childbearing & Childrearing Family Practicum NR 602: PEDIATRIC STUDY TOPICS... FINAL STUDY GUIDE Eye Disorders- 616- 646 Strabismus- a defect in In ocular alignment, or the position of the eyes in relation to each other; It is commonly called lazy eye. And strabismus, the visual axes are not parallel because the muscles of the eyes are not coordinated; When one eye is directed straight ahead, the other deviates. Retinoblastoma is an intraocular tumor that develops in the retina. Although it is rare, this malignant retinal tumor is the most common tumor in childhood (some 4% of cancers in children younger than 15 years of age) Clinical findings • strabismus is the most common finding • there is a decreased visual acuity uni- or bilateral white pupil (leukocoria), described often as an intermittent “glow, glint, gleam, or glare” by parents, is usually seen in low light settings or noted in photographs taken with a flash i.e. (cat's eye reflex) • other symptoms include an abnormal red reflex, nystagmus, glaucoma, orbital Cellulitis and photophobia, hyphema, hypopyon (plus an anterior Chamber of eye); Signs of global rupture or also possible Bulbar or palpebral conjunctival injection is a common presentation, which can be unilateral or bilateral. differential diagnosis should include allergy, conjunctivitis, infection, foreign body, chemical exposure, or systemic inflammatory disease, irritation of the conjunctiva or cornea, and congenital glaucoma. Watery discharge can occur with allergies, nasolacrimal obstruction, foreign bodies, viral infection, and iritis. Purulent or mucoid discharge can be noted with chronic dacrocystitis or nasolacrimal obstruction. Advanced allergic conjunctivitis can have some mucoid production. To differentiate, microscopic investigation of discharge may lead to other clues. Photophobia is a symptom common of trauma and in infants with glaucoma or retinal disease. Other non-eye related causes of photophobia include migraines and meningitis. A white pupil, or leukocoria is a serious finding and demands immediate referral to the pediatric ophthalmologist. Causes of leukocoria include retinal detachment, cataract, retinal dysplasia, retinopathy of prematurity, and in newborns retinoblastoma. All newborns should have a fundoscopic examination within 24 hours of birth and yearly on physical examinations. [Show More]

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