NR507 Advanced Pathophysiology Week 2 Quiz|NR 507 Week 2 Latest 2020 Complete solutions.

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Advanced Pathophysiology Week 2 Quiz Question 1 2 / 2 pts Which are indications of dehydration? Correct! Tachycardia and weight loss Decreased hemoglobin and hematocrit Muscle weakn... ess and decreased deep tendon reflexes Polyuria and hyperventilation Question 2 2 / 2 pts At the arterial end of capillaries, fluid moves from the intravascular space into the interstitial space because the interstitial hydrostatic pressure is higher than the capillary hydrostatic pressure. capillary oncotic pressure is lower than the interstitial hydrostatic pressure. interstitial oncotic pressure is higher than the interstitial hydrostatic pressure. Correct! capillary hydrostatic pressure is higher than the capillary oncotic pressure. Question 3 2 / 2 pts Which enzyme is secreted by the juxtaglomerular cells of the kidney when circulating blood volume is reduced? Angiotensin II Aldosterone Angiotensin I Correct! Renin Question 4 2 / 2 pts In hyperkalemia, cardiac rhythm changes are a direct result of Correct Answer cardiac cell hypopolarization. cardiac cell repolarization. You Answered cardiac cell hyperexcitability. depression of the sinoatrial (SA) node. Question 5 2 / 2 pts Why are infants susceptible to significant losses in total body water (TBW)? Because they are unable communicate adequately when they are thirsty Because more than half of an infant’s body weight is water Correct! Because an infant’s kidneys are not mature enough to counter fluids losses Because infants have a slow metabolic rate Question 6 2 / 2 pts Physiologic pH is maintained around 7.4 because bicarbonate (HCO3) and carbonic acid (H2CO3) exist in a ratio of 1:20. Correct! 20:1. 10:5. 10:2. Question 7 2 / 2 pts How does the loss of chloride during vomiting cause metabolic alkalosis? Loss of chloride causes hydrogen to move into the cell and exchange with potassium to maintain cation balance. Correct! Loss of chloride causes retention of bicarbonate to maintain the anion balance. Loss of chloride causes hypoventilation to compensate for the metabolic alkalosis. Loss of chloride stimulates the release of aldosterone, which causes the retained sodium to bind with the chloride. Question 8 2 / 2 pts Which of the following is a true statement? Hyperventilation results in an increased PaCO2. Correct! Hyperventilation causes hypocapnia. Hyperventilation causes hypercapnia. Hypoventilation causes hypocapnia. Question 9 2 / 2 pts _____ is a fulminant form of respiratory failure characterized by acute lung inflammation and diffuse alveolocapillary injury. Acute pulmonary edema Pneumonia Correct! Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) Pulmonary emboli Question 10 2 / 2 pts Clinical manifestations that include unexplained weight loss, dyspnea on exertion, use of accessory muscles, and tachypnea with prolonged expiration are indicative of Correct! emphysema. asthma. pneumonia. chronic bronchitis. Question 11 2 / 2 pts Which inflammatory mediators are produced in asthma? Correct! Histamine, prostaglandins, and leukotrienes Bradykinin, serotonin, and neutrophil proteases Neutrophil proteases, bradykinin, and histamine Lymphokines, serotonin, and prostaglandins Question 12 2 / 2 pts A(n) _____ is a circumscribed area of suppuration and destruction of lung parenchyma. empyema consolidation Correct! abscess cavitation Question 13 2 / 2 pts Which pleural abnormality involves a site of pleural rupture that act as a one-way valve, permitting air to enter on inspiration but preventing its escape by closing during expiration? Correct! Tension pneumothorax Secondary pneumothorax Open pneumothorax Spontaneous pneumothorax Question 14 2 / 2 pts Kussmaul respirations may be characterized as a respiratory pattern commonly observed in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Correct! with a slightly increased ventilatory rate, large tidal volumes, and no expiratory pause. commonly observed in pulmonary fibrosis. with alternating periods of deep and shallow breathing. Question 15 2 / 2 pts High altitudes may produce hypoxemia through shunting. Correct! decreased inspired oxygen. hypoventilation. diffusion abnormalities. Question 16 2 / 2 pts In ARDS, alveoli and respiratory bronchioles fill with fluid as a result of the increased capillary hydrostatic pressure that forces fluid into the alveoli and respiratory bronchioles. Correct! inactivation of surfactant and the impairment of type II alveolar cells. compression on the pores of Kohn, thus preventing collateral ventilation. increased capillary permeability, which causes alveoli and respiratory bronchioles to fill with fluid. Question 17 2 / 2 pts In tuberculosis, the body walls off the bacilli in a tubercle by stimulating macrophages that release TNF-α. formation of immunoglobulin G to initiate the complement cascade. Correct! apoptotic infected macrophages that activate cytotoxic T cells. phagocytosis by neutrophils and eosinophils. Question 18 2 / 2 pts Clinical manifestations of pulmonary hypertension include dyspnea on exertion and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea. productive cough and rhonchi bilaterally. systemic blood pressure greater than 130/90. Correct! peripheral edema and jugular venous distention. Question 19 2 / 2 pts What is the primary cause of RDS of the newborn? Correct! A surfactant deficiency An immature immune system Anemia Small alveoli Question 20 2 / 2 pts Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by a(n) Correct! autosomal recessive inheritance. infection. autosomal dominant inheritance. malignancy. Question 21 2 / 2 pts An accurate description of childhood asthma is that it is a(n) pulmonary disease characterized by severe hypoxemia, decreased pulmonary compliance, and diffuse densities on chest x-ray. obstructive airway disease characterized by atelectasis and increased pulmonary resistance as a result of a surfactant deficiency. pulmonary disorder involving an abnormal expression of a protein producing viscous mucus that lines the airways, pancreas, sweat ducts, and vas deferens. Correct! obstructive airway disease characterized by reversible airflow obstruction, bronchial hyperreactivity, and inflammation. Question 22 2 / 2 pts Which of the following types of croup is most common? Autoimmune Correct! Viral Bacterial Fungal Question 23 2 / 2 pts Which of the following statements about the advances in the treatment of RDS of the newborn is incorrect? Administering glucocorticoids to women in preterm labor accelerates the maturation of the fetus’s lungs. Supporting the infant’s respiratory function by using continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). An infant’s respiratory function is supported by using continuous pressure (CPAP). Treatment includes the instillation of exogenous surfactant down an endotracheal tube of infants weighing less than 1,000 g. Correct! Administering oxygen to mothers during preterm labor increases their arterial oxygen before birth of the fetus. Question 24 2 / 2 pts Chest wall compliance in infants is _____ in adults. unlike that lower than the same as Correct! higher than Question 25 2 / 2 pts The release of fibroblast growth factors affects ARDS by causing atelectasis and decreased lung compliance. disruption of alveolocapillary membrane. pulmonary hypertension. Correct! pulmonary fibrosis. [Show More]

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