Hunter College, CUNYPHILO 103CHAPTER 1 SECTION 2 Assignment

CHAPTER 1 SECTION 2 Assignment Is the following passage an argument, explanation, conditional statement, simple exposition? The cause of the confusion was an ambiguous exit sign. a. argument b. explanation c. condit ...

CHAPTER 1 SECTION 2 Assignment Is the following passage an argument, explanation, conditional statement, simple exposition? The cause of the confusion was an ambiguous exit sign. a. argument b. explanation c. conditional statement d. simple exposition The passage is an explanation because a. it seeks to establish that there has been confusion. b. it seeks to show why there was confusion c. it seeks to show why an exit sign was ambiguousd. it simply asserts facts 2. Is the following passage an argument, explanation, conditional sentence, simple exposition? It is not essential to be tall to be good at basketball. The point is quite easy to prove. Just consider that basketball teams often have players of average height who make contributions to the game through fast running and expert passing. a. argument b. explanation c. conditional statement d. simple exposition The passage is an argument because a. The passage makes factual claims about a certain type of basketball player. b. The second sentence in the passage is a premise indicator.c. The passage seeks to establish that basketball players do not have to be tall to be good basketball players. d. The passage expresses someone's opinion. 3. Is the following passage an argument, explanation, conditional statement, simple exposition? Good health depends on good nutrition. Good nutrition requires a budget adequate to buy some fresh fruits and vegetables. Therefore, good health requires a budget adequate to buy some fresh fruits and vegetables. a. argument b. explanation c. conditional statement d. simple exposition The passage is an argument because a. The first sentence in the passage leads to the next and that to the last.b. It seeks to explain why good health requires a budget adequate to buy some fresh fruits and vegetables. c. It seeks to establish that good health requires a budget adequate to buy some fresh fruits and vegetables. d. It contains the word "therefore," used as a conclusion indicator. 4. Does the following passage present an argument, explanation, conditional statement, simple exposition? "If Rudolph Guiliani did one good thing for the arts while he was mayor of New York, it was to give the usual arguments on behalf of scandalous art so many chances to be aired that it soon became clear how unsatisfying they are." a. argument b. explanation c. conditional sentence d. simple exposition This passage is a conditional sentence becausea. it seeks to establish that Rudolph Guiliani did one good thing for the arts while he was mayor of New York b. it seeks to show why Rudolph Guiliani did one good thing for the arts c. it is of the form "if..., then... d. it states that Guiliani's stance on art provided an opportunity for various arguments to be aired and exposed those arguments as unsatisfying 5. Is the following passage an argument, explanation, conditional sentence, or simple exposition? It is not strictly true that all human beings are either male or female. That's because some human beings are born with mixed sexual characteristics. a. argument b. explanation c. conditional sentence d. simple expositionThe passage presents an argument because a. it presents certain assertions of fact b. it contains the word "because" c. it contains the word "because" used as a premise indicator d. it seeks to establish that not every human being is either a male or a female. 6. Is the following passage an argument, explanation, conditional statement, simple explanation? "Don't despair. It doesn't help...and you don't have time." a. argument b. exposition c. conditional statement d. simple expositionThe passage is an argument because a. It gives reasons to show that you should not despair. b. It seeks to give a causal explanation of why people should not despair. c. It asserts opinions. d. It explains why you should not despair. 7. Is the following passage an argument, explanation, conditional statement, simple exposition? Some people find it easier than others to admit that they are wrong, as a result of their pride. You can see that this is true. It works this way: their pride is based on a deep conviction of personal worth. As a result of their conviction that they are worthy people, they can admit to flaws without being threatened. a. argument b. explanation c. conditional statementd. simple exposition The passage is an argument because a. It contains the expressions "You can see that this is true," and "As a result of." b. It seeks to establish that personal pride allows some people to find it easier than others to admit they are wrong. c. It seeks to show why some people find it easier than others to admit they are wrong. d. It does not make factual statements. 8. Is the following passage an argument, explanation, conditional statement, simple exposition? It is well known that dolphins, whales, and elephants communicate with each other. In fact, even bees communicate with each other. So you can see that human beings are not the only animals that communicate. a. argument b. explanationc. conditional statement d. simple exposition The passage is an argument because a. It includes factual statements. b. It attempts to show true that human beings are not the only animals that communicate on the basis of the facts it presents about certain types of animals which are not human. c. It contains the expression "so you can see that." d. It gives a causal account of communication ability acquisition in non-human animals. 9. Is the following passage an argument, explanation, conditional statement, simple exposition? Only if they are meticulous about cleanliness and preventive measures can hospitals hope to prevent the spread of disease on their premises. The local hospital is not meticulous about cleanliness and preventive measures. So we can expect that it will not manage to prevent the spread of disease on its premises. a. argumentb. explanation c. conditional statement d. simple exposition This passage is an argument because a. It attemtps to establish a claim that the local hospital will not manage preventing the spread of disease on the basis of a claim about the hospital's sanitary practices and a generalization about the connection of such practices and preventing disease spread. b. The passage includes a prediction about the hospital. c. The passage includes the word "so." d. The passage states an opinion about the local hospital. 10. Does the following passage present an argument, explanation, conditional statement, or simple exposition? Because she was an only child, she did not develop the independence necessary to care for herself. For example, even at the age of seven, she was unable to put on her own skates.a. argument b. explanation c. conditional statement d. simple exposition The passage presents an explanation because a. it continas the word "because" b. it seeks to establish that she did not develop the necessary independence c. the passage asserts that if someone is an only child, then that person will not develop the necessary independence d. the passage seeks to show why she did not develop the necessary independence 11. For background on this question, see Govier, p. 20.Does the following passage present an argument, explanation, conditional statement, or simple exposition? "Indeed, Miller's style...is just the model to remind us how precious is identity, and how contingent. She knows that her father's fate could foreshadow her own; she has terrifying dreams about him, feels guilty, helpless, angry, struggles with the memoir. But she writes about the gathering darkness with a deftness that somehow turns grief into grace. Fittingly, the last word of The Story of My Father is 'consoled.'" a. argument b. explanation c. conditional statement d. simple exposition The passage is an argument because a. it attempts to establish a claim about Miller's style b. it attempts to explain why Miller's style is effective c. it makes assertions about Miller's feelingsd. it states the author's subjective opinion of Miller's work 12. Does the following passage present an argument, explanation, conditional statement, or simple exposition? If a person knows in advance that his actions risk death, then when he voluntarily takes those actions, he accepts a risk of death. These conditions surely apply to mountain climbers. Therefore, people who climb mountains have accepted a risk of death. a. argument b. explanation c. conditional statement d. simple exposition This passsage presents an argument because a. the first sentence is a conditional statement b. the passage asserts categorically that people who climb mountains have accetped a risk of deathc. the word "therefore" functions as a conclusion indicator, showing that the passage seeks to establish the last sentence as true d. the passage contains a premise 13. Is the following passage an argument, explanation, conditional statement, simple expostion? "The only way you could license nuclear power plants and not have murder is if you could guarantee perfect containment. But they admit they're not going to contain it perfectly. So licensing nuclear power plants is licensing murder." a. argument b. explanation c. conditional statement d. simple exposition The passage presents an argument because a. The passage shows why licensing nuclear power plants is licensing murder. b. The passage contains a conclusion indicator.c. The passage makes a claim about nucelar power companies. d. The passage attempts to establish that licensing nuclear power plants is licensing muder. 14. For background on this question, see Govier, p. 20. Does the following passage present an argument, explanation, conditional statement, or simple exposition? "In part the peasant's melacholy is caused by worry. Having no savings, he must always dread what is likely to happen. What for others are misfortunes are for him calamities. When their hog strangled on its tether, a laborer and his wife were desolate. The woman tore her hair and beat her head against a wall while the husband sat mute and stricken in a corner. The loss of the hog meant they would have no meat that winter, no grease to spread on bread, nothing to sell for cash to pay taxes, and no possibility of acquiring a pig the next spring. Such blows may fall at any time. Fields may be washed away in a flood. Hail may beat down the wheat. Illness may strike. To be a peasant is to stand helpless before these possibilities. a. argument b. explanation c. conditional statement d. simple expositionThe passage presents an explanation because a. it proves beyond a shadow of a doubt that peasants are worried b. it helps the reader to understand why peasants are worried and why the laborer and his wife were desolate over the loss of their hog c. it depicts the desperate character of peasant life d. it seeks to establish that peasants have hard lives through giving evidence 15. For background on this question, see Govier, p. 20. Does the following passage present an argument, explanation, conditional statement, or simple exposition? "The peculiar evil of silencing the expression of an opinion is that it is robbing the human race; posterity as well as the existing generation; those who dissent from the opinion still more than those who hold it. If the opinion is right, they are deprived of the opportunity of exchanging error for truth. If wrong, they lose what is almost as great a benefit, the clearer perception and livelier impression of truth, produced by its collision with error." a. argument b. explanationc. conditional statement d. simple exposition This passage presents an argument because a. it includes two conditional statements b. the passage states categorically that silencing the expression of an opinion robs the human race c. the passage lets the reader understand why silencing an opinion robs the human race d. the second and third sentences in the passage give reasons for the truth of the claim that silencing an opinion robs the human race, when one remembers that any opinion will be true or false. 16. Is the following passage an argument, explanation, conditional statement, simple exposition? "Because my life, my security, my liberty, and my happiness today depend on the cooperation of others like myself, it is clear that I must look upon myself no longer as an isolated individual but as part of a larger whole, as a member of a larger body on whose preservation mine depends absolutely..." --Jean-Jacques Rousseau a. argumentb. explanation c. conditional sentence d. simple exposition The passage is an argument because a. It contains the word "because." b. In the passage, Rousseau attempts to establish that he has an obligation to take a certain attitude toward himself. c. In the passage, Rousseau attempts to expalin why he has an obligation to take a certain attitude toward himself. d. Rousseau is expressing an opinion. 17. For background on this passage, see Govier, p. 21 Is the following passage an argument, explanation, conditional statement, simple exposition? "No one questions that marketing of infant formula in the Third World can pose serious problems. Everyone, including the infant formula industry, agrees that breast-feeding provides the best and cheapest nutrition for babies. Also, mothers who are lactating are less likely to conceive. Breast-feeding also helps to space out births. Therefore, marketing practices should not induce mothers who otherwise would be willing and able to breast-feed to switch to the bottle.a. argument b. explanation c. conditional sentence d. simple exposition The passage is an argument because a. The passage contains the word "therefore" used as a conclusion indicator. b. The passage shows why Third World mothers should not be induced to switch from breast feeding to the bottle. c. The passage attemtps to establish the fact that that Third World mothers should not be induced to switch from breast feeding to the bottle. d. The passage makes factual claims. 18.Does the following passage present an argument, explanation, conditional statement, or simple exposition? "One immediate retort to the idea that a market society without governing institutions is a decent society is that a market society includes economic organizations, particularly monopolies and cartels, which are in fact governing institutions. The coercive power of monopolies is no less than that of political institutions. Thus the idea that a market society is free of institutions that have the power to humiliate people is a fairy tale." a. argument b. explanation c. conditional statement d. simple exposition This passage presents an argument because a. the first sentence includes the conclusion of the argument b. the second sentence is the conclusion of the argument c. the first and second sentences present a reasond. the argument claims to show true that a market society without governing institutions is not a decent society. It explicitly rejects this claim by calling it a "fairy tale." 19. Does the following passage present an argument, explanation, conditional statement, simple exposition? "The kids are rarely overpowered by life's adversities because they set up safety valves to release the mental anguish caused by their personal hang-ups. Lucy, for example, flaunts her femininity so she can cope with life more easily. Charlie Brown eats peanut butter sandwiches when he gets lonely. And Frieda wheedles compliments to restore her faith in herself and in her curly hair. Snoopy, unashamed, straps himself to his doghouse and mentally shrugs off most anything he can't handle." a. argument b. explanation c. conditional statement d. simple exposition The passage presents an explanation because a. the word "because" occurs in the passage b. the passage attempts to show why these characters from the comic strip Peanuts can successfully handle life's adversities through the coping strategies they have developedc. the passage gives evidence to establish that the comic strip characters will rarely be overpowered by life's adversities d. the passage gives evidence to establish that the various comic strip characters have coping strategies