Movements of the joints:
The Anatomical Position is the point of reference for all movements of the joints. The
Anatomical Position is a standardized posture involving upright standing with the elbows
supinated.
o fl
...
Movements of the joints:
The Anatomical Position is the point of reference for all movements of the joints. The
Anatomical Position is a standardized posture involving upright standing with the elbows
supinated.
o flexion - joint angle decreases
o extension - return from flexion
o abduction - movement away from mid line
o adduction - movement toward mid line
o hyper flexion - beyond vertical in flexion
o hyper extension - beyond vertical in extension
o hyper abduction - beyond vertical in abduction
o hyper adduction - beyond vertical in adduction(with slight flexion)
o lateral flexion - lateral bending of the trunk (frontal plane, sagittal axis)
o left and right rotation – rotation of the head in a horizontal plane around a
vertical axis
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o medial and lateral rotation - anterior aspect of femur or humerus moves in this
direction. This is also known as horizontal flexion (medial) and horizontal
extension (lateral)
o plantar flexion – motion of the ankle/foot so that plantar (bottom) surface of
the foot approaches the floor
o dorsi flexion – motion of the ankle/foot so that dorsal (top) surface of the foot
moves toward the knee
o inversion - medial border of foot rises (frontal plane, sagittal axis)
o eversion - lateral border of foot rises (frontal plane, sagittal axis)
o circumduction - combines flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction in one
fluid motion
o supination - lateral rotation of elbow
o pronation - medial rotation of elbow
o pronation of foot combines:
eversion
dorsi flexion
abduction (toeing out) – this occurs at the knee (lateral rotation)
o supination of foot combines
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