Week 4 Discussion- Distinguishing Inductive and Deductive Reasoning.

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Week 4 Discussion: Distinguishing Inductive and Deductive Reasoning 4949 unread replies.7979 replies. Required Resources Read/review the following resources for this activity:  Textbook: Chapt ... er 8, 9, 17 (Introduction)  Lesson  Minimum of 1 scholarly source (in addition to the textbook) Click on the following tabs to review the concepts that will be addressed in this activity:  Valid Argument Structures  Deductive  Inductive A valid structure is the way in which an argument is put together that assures it will pass the test of logical strength. The Basic Structure of Deductive and Inductive Arguments Click on the following links to view argument examples: Link: Deductive Argument Example Link: Inductive Argument Initial Post Instructions For the initial post, address the following:  Find and post examples of deductive and inductive arguments. Do NOT use an argument example which clearly indicates it is an example of an inductive/deductive argument.  For each example, evaluate its logical strength, using the concepts and ideas presented in the textbook readings, the lesson, and any other source you find that helps you to evaluate the validity (deductive) or strength (inductive) of the argument. You can use examples from the text, or you can find examples elsewhere. o Editorials and opinion columns are a good source, as are letters to the editor. Blogs will also often be based on arguments. o Use mapping and evaluative techniques to make sure it is an argument.  Is it inductive or deductive? Explain why.  Does it pass the tests of validity and strength? Explain. Follow-Up Post Instructions Respond to at least one peer. Further the dialogue by providing more information and clarification. Do you agree with their analysis – be very specific about why you agree or disagree. Writing Requirements  Minimum of 2 posts (1 initial & 1 follow-up)  Minimum of 2 sources cited (assigned readings/online lessons and an outside source)  APA format for in-text citations and list of references Grading This activity will be graded using the Discussion Grading Rubric. Please review the following link:  Link (webpage): Discussion Guidelines Course Outcomes (CO): 3, 4 Due Date for Initial Post: By 11:59 p.m. MT Recommended by Wednesday Due Date for Follow-Up Posts: By 11:59 p.m. MT on Sunday Posts must be on separate days. Search entries or author Filter replies by unreadUnread Collapse replies Expand replies Subscribed  Collapse Subdiscussion Jason Oakes Jason Oakes Apr 21, 2021Local: Apr 21 at 12:40am<br>Course: Apr 20 at 10:40pm Manage Discussion Entry And here we go with another week. Over the years teaching this kind of material, I have come up with 2 words that I think are helpful when trying to understand and recognize the difference between inductive and deductive arguments. Inductive = Probability Deductive = Watertight Here is what this is intended to remind you of. Inductive argument are based around what is likely or probable (the conclusion is likely to follow from the premises). Deductive arguments are meant to give an argument that is necessary, or as I say watertight (the conclusion logically MUST follow from the premises). Example of Inductive (probability) 1. Most surgeons are egotistical 2. Dr. Funke is a surgeon Therefore Dr. Funke is likely egotistical If 1 and 2 are True, than the conclusion has a high probability of being true, but Dr. Funke could be the exception - a non-egotistical surgeon. Here is an example of a deductive argument (watertight): All Nurses are kind and loving Nurse Ratchet is a Nurse Therefore Nurse Ratchet is kind and loving In a deductive argument, if 1 and 2 are true, then the conclusion MUST be true. There is no logical way of escaping it. It is watertight. Here is a chart that can be helpful as well in thinking through these differences Huber, Franz. “Confirmation and Induction.” In Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Edited by James Fieser and Bradley Dowden. 2007. o Collapse Subdiscussion Meryl McGowan Meryl McGowan May 26, 2021Local: May 26 at 6:49pm<br>Course: May 26 at 4:49pm Manage Discussion Entry Hey Professor and friends! How do we believe something is true? Learning about inductive and deductive reasoning was quite a challenge, in fact each week keeps making me realize how much communication is such a bigger part of the world than I thought. Inductive reasoning or probable arguments can be summarized as "although it does not yield certainty, inductive reasoning can provide a confident basis for solid belief in our conclusions and a reason-able basis for action" (Facione P., & Gittens, 2015). basically, several different examples of why the thought is true but never certain, only probable. An example of inductive reasoning would be: 1. A chair in the dining room is velvet. 2. A chair in the bedroom is velvet. Therefore, all the chairs in the house are probably velvet. An example if deductive reasoning would be: 1. All bunnies have fuzzy tails. 2. A cottontail is a breed of bunny. Therefore, all cottontails have fuzzy tails. This is taking two true statements and draw a conclusion from them, this conclusion may not be true but the facts are true. References Betts, J. (n.d.). Deductive reasoning examples. Retrieved May 26, 2021, from https://examples.yourdictionary.com/deductive-reasoning- examples.html (Links to an external site.) Facione, P. A., & Gittens, C. A. (2016). Think critically (3rd ed.). Boston: Pearson. (1 like)  Erjona Ulaj Erjona Ulaj May 28, 2021Local: May 28 at 3:08pm<br>Course: May 28 at 1:08pm Manage Discussion Entry Hi Meryl, I enjoyed reading your post, I agree that learning inductive and deductive reasoning was a challenge. At first I would read about it and would feel as though I understood it; then I would mix up the definitions again. The examples were a huge help and your examples were great. With inductive argument it's important to use the word "probably" and for deductive it is important to use "therefore" or "so" which you did. Your deductive argument showed two true statements with a conclusion derived from them that may not be true. Excellent job!  Nordia Maddis Nordia Maddis May 30, 2021Local: May 30 at 6:08am<br>Course: May 30 at 4:08am Manage Discussion Entry Hi Meryl, I love your approach to deductive and inductive reasoning. Like you also had a hard time learning and comprehension of the definition was also hard for me but after thorough research and a lot of examples, I understood. According to (Facione & Gittenns 2016), reasoning skills are used when one draws conclusions from what they think is possibly true. I love that you used the word “probably” in your inductive argument as an inductive argument is based on what is probable or likely  Danielle Diaz Danielle Diaz May 30, 2021Local: May 30 at 3:34pm<br>Course: May 30 at 1:34pm Manage Discussion Entry Hello Meryl, I really did have a great time reading your post and agree with the fact that deductive and inductive reasoning is a difficult challenge, however it is rewarding to know. I also think the example from the text that you used was a perfect short explanation of the topic. The examples you also used for inductive/deductive reasoning were very well put and helped me understand the definition better.  Collapse Subdiscussion Bousso Diop Bousso Diop May 24, 2021Local: May 24 at 6:42pm<br>Course: May 24 at 4:42pm Manage Discussion Entry Hello Everyone! I hope you are all well. A deductive and inductive argument differ in structure and strength of conclusion (Moffat, 2014). Deductive argument example: P1: Susan is John’s younger sister. = True P2: Linda is John’s elder sister. = True C: So, Linda is Susan’s elder sister. = Must necessarily True For this example, note that the structure of the premises started from general principle: 'Susan is John’s younger sister' to infer a specific proposition, 'Linda is Susan’s elder sister'. And since the premises are true, the conclusion must be necessarily true; thus, a sound conclusion (Facione & Gittens, 2016). Also this is a valid argument because of the meaning of its relationship, in this case they are siblings. This argument passed the tests of validity and strength. Inductive argument example: P1: Anthony was at risk of dying from the severe fall that he took when he was climbing. = True P2: Many who had the same near-fatal experience become averse to climbing afterward. =True C: So, Anthony will surely become averse to climbing after his fall. = Maybe True As for the above example, note that the structure of an inductive reasoning started with a specific proposition: 'Anthony was at risk of dying from the severe fall that he took when he was climbing', to infer general principle, "So, Anthony will surely become averse to climbing after his fall". Though the premises are true, the conclusion is not strong because it can be either true or not. This argument passed the tests of validity and strength also [Show More]

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