University of VictoriaPHYSICS 102AIB Physics - 1st Semester Review - KEY

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IB Physics | 1st Semester Review 1 | Science Skills 1. List the seven fundamental base units and their abbreviations Length Mass Time Electric Current Temperature Amount of Substance Luminous ... Intensity Unit Conversion 2. Convert 167 g to kg 3. Convert 0.0043 GW (gigawatts) to mW (milliwatts) 4. Convert 10,853 cm to km 5. Convert 439,000 cm2 to m2 6. Convert 125 in3 to cm3 1 in = 2.54 cmDimensional Analysis 7. Is this equation valid? Note that t is in s, v is in m s-1, a is in m s-2, x is in m, F is in kg m s-2 and m is in kg. v2 = 2ax 8. Is this equation valid? Note that t is in s, v is in m s-1, a is in m s-2, x is in m, F is in kg m s-2 and m is in kg. t = v / F 9. What are the units of the constant g this equation? (be sure to write with negative exponents if needed) ? = ? ? 2? Variable Unit Mass m Kilogram [kg] Radius r Meter [m] Gravitation Constant G [N m2 kg-2] Gravity g Uncertainty 10. You use an electronic balance to find that your action figure weighs 4.52 grams. a. What is the absolute uncertainty in the measurement? b. What is the percentage uncertainty in the measurement? 11. Calculate the Absolute and Percentage Uncertainty for the following set of data 22.5 s 20.8 s 19.6 s 28.3 s 21.7 s 20.4 s Absolute: Percentage:2 | Motion 12. Samantha walks 60 meters east, then 40 meters north, then 30 meters west. What is her displacement? Distance? 13. You watch your friend’s coffee cup fall straight off of an 87-centimeter-tall table. How many agonizing seconds do you have to watch until it hits the ground? 14. Lucy stands on the edge of a vertical cliff and throws a stone vertically upwards. The stone leaves her hand with a speed of 15 m s-1 at the instant her hand is 80 m above the surface of the sea. Air resistance is negligible and the acceleration of free fall is 9.81 m s-2. a. Calculate the maximum height reached by the stone as measured from the point where it is thrown. b. Determine the time for the stone to reach the surface of the sea after leaving Lucy’s hand.15. Draw the corresponding graphs for the following: 16. You throw a dart perfectly horizontally aiming at the bullseye on the target 2 meters away. Sadly, you find that the dart hits the target 0.1 m too low. Complete the following tables accordingly… (remember the spitball problem) X Y s u v a t Throwing Speed Impact Speed Impact Angle17. Case Keenum launches a football at speed of 20 m/s and an angle of 30° from the horizontal. Use the X-Y table to calculate the total distance, total time, and max height of the throw. X Y u v s a t 3 | Forces 18. Calculate the Net Force and acceleration of this 10 kg box 19. The following FBD represents an object in equilibrium. What is the magnitude and angle of force F? Total Distance Total Time Max Height Net Force Acceleration20. You want to find the coefficient of friction for a book sliding to a stop on a table. After collecting some data and doing preliminary kinematic calculations, you find that your 2 kg book comes to a stop with an acceleration of -2.5 m s-2. Using this information, your mini-equation for the coefficient of friction, and Newton’s Second Law, find the following: 21. It requires 1 N of force to drag your shoe (.16 kg) across a table at a constant velocity. Complete the table with the proper values to calculate the coefficient of friction of your shoe m a Fnet Ff F g R µ Fw R Fpull Ff Fnet µ22. You watch a trunk weighing 40 N slide down a 30q ramp. The coefficient of dynamic friction (μd) between the trunk and the ramp is 0.25. Draw forces on the FBD and solve for the acceleration of the block. 4 | Circular Motion 23. Which vectors in this diagram represent tangential velocity, centripetal acceleration and centripetal force for an object in a clockwise orbit in the position shown? Tangential Velocity Centripetal Acceleration Centripetal Force24. A bicycle is moving with a linear velocity of 8.2 m s-1. If the wheels each have a radius of 31 cm, what is the angular velocity of the wheel? 25. A toy train of mass 0.5 kg is moving around a circular track of radius 0.7 m at a steady speed of 0.25 m s-1. a. What is the centripetal acceleration of the train? b. What is the centripetal force of the train? 26. In a popular amusement-park ride, a cylinder of radius 3.41 m is set in rotation at an angular speed of 4.43 rad/s, as shown in the figure. The floor then drops away, leaving the riders suspended against the wall in a vertical position. What minimum coefficient of friction between a rider’s clothing and the wall of the cylinder is needed to keep the 75 kg rider from slipping? 27. What is the apparent weight (same as normal reaction force R) of a 75 kg rider while going over the hill of a roller coaster with a 10-meter radius and a velocity of 4 m s-1.28. A small ball of mass 0.047 kg is suspended from a string of length 0.53 m and whirled in a circle lying in the horizontal plane. If the string makes an angle of 21° with the vertical, find the centripetal force experienced by the ball. 5 | Work, Energy, Power 29. A student weighing 700 N climbs at constant speed to the top of a 12 m vertical rope in 15 s. Calculate the work and power expended by the student to overcome gravity? Work Power 30. What is the kinetic energy of a 75 kg human running at 5 m s-1? How high off the ground would they need to be to have the same energy stored up as gravitational potential energy? 31. What is the maximum velocity of a 2 kg pendulum that is released from the position shown?32. A father pulls his daughter on a sled and pulls with a force of 50 N at an angle of 30° with the ground to move the sled a horizontal distance of 10 meters. Calculate the horizontal work done on the sled and the child’s final velocity after being pulled this distance. 33. You are characterizing the elasticity of a spring from the back room and you measure the k constant to be 50 N m-1. a. Draw in the graph showing the relationship between Force and Stretch Distance for this spring b. What is the work required to stretch the spring 0.6 m? 34. A bicycle with an initial velocity of 10 m/s coasts to a net height of 4 m. What is the velocity at the top neglecting friction?A pole-vaulter of mass 59.7 kg falls from a height of 4.76 m onto some foam. a. Calculate the maximum kinetic energy on impact. b. If the foam deforms by 81 cm, calculate the average force exerted on the pole-vaulter. 6 | Momentum 35. A 0.15 kg baseball moving at 26 m s-1 is slowed to a stop by a catcher who exerts a constant opposing force of 390 N. How long does it take this force to stop the ball? 36. Why does an airbag protect you in a car crash? Use the words force, time, and impulse in your description. 37. A grocery shopper tosses an 8.8 kg bag of rice (object A) into a stationary 18.2 kg grocery cart (object B). The bag hits the cart with a horizontal speed of 6.8 m s-1. What is the final speed of the cart and bag?38. What is the total impulse represented by this graph? 39. A ball of mass 0.40 kg travels horizontally and strikes a vertical wall with a speed of 5.0 m s-1. It rebounds horizontally with a speed of 3.0 m s-1. The ball is in contact with the wall for a time of 0.20 s. What is the average magnitude of the force exerted by the ball on the wall? (pay attention to direction!) 7 | Waves 40. You are listening to the radio and use a stopwatch to measure 0.45 seconds between each beat for the catchy song that comes on. What is the frequency of this tempo in Hertz? 41. Sound waves travel at about 340 m/s. You plunk an E below middle C on the piano and measure a frequency of 164.8 Hz. What is the wavelength for this wave?42. Draw a wave with a wavelength of 6 boxes and an amplitude of 3 boxes 43. The graph shows measurements of height h of sea level at different times t in the Bay of Fundy. Which of the following give the approximate amplitude and period of the tides 44. Sketch the graphs for a spring oscillator45. Complete the following table for the wave represented by the graph. Include units. 46. The highest note on a piano is a C with a frequency of 4186 Hz. Theoretically, if you wanted to build a closed tube pan pipe that resonates at its first harmonic (fundamental frequency) for this note, how long would it have to be? Assume the speed of sound is 345 m/s. Draw a picture of the standing wave, show all work, and include units! 47. How long would the pan pipe from the last question need to be to resonate at its second harmonic? Draw a picture of the standing wave, show all work, and include units! 48. You fire a laser into a glass block at an angle of 30° to the normal. What is the angle from the normal as it continues into the glass? Use your calculation to complete the variable table and complete the diagram below. ni nr θi θr # of waves Period Amplitude Frequency49. What is the index of refraction (n) for a material that light travels at 1.86 x 108 m s-1 through? 50. A diver shines a flashlight from the floor of the ocean up toward the surface of the water. In the first picture, he is at the critical angle (θc) and light is refracted at 90o. Draw in the missing ray in the pictures. (Hint, the instructions just described the first picture’s refracted ray.) 51. Two speakers are separated by a distance of 5 meters, if they emit a coherent sound signal of 850 Hz. If the speed of sound is 340 m s-1, is this person in a maximum or minimum location 52. Unpolarized light of intensity 120 W m-2 travels through a vertical polarizer and an analyzer set at 30° to the vertical. What is the intensity of the light after traveling through these two polarized plates?53. In a double slit experiment, a source of light of unknown wavelength is used to illuminate two very narrow slits a distance of 0.15 mm apart. On a screen at a distance of 1.30 m from the slits, bright spots are observed separated by a distance of 4.95 mm. What is the wavelength of light being used? 8 | Electricity 54. A current of 2 A flows in a copper wire 8 mm in diameter. The density of valence electrons in copper is roughly 9 × 1028 m−3. Find the drift speed of these electrons. The fundamental charge is 1.6 × 10−19 C. 55. Complete the table for the circuit on the right Resistor V I R R1 R2 R3 Total56. A current of 4 A flowed through a 75 m length of metal alloy wire of area 2.4 mm2 when a p.d. of 12 V was applied across its ends. What was the resistivity of the alloy? 57. What is the resistance of this non-ideal ammeter if the current reading is 0.625 A? 58. What is the reading for the voltmeter across R1 if it has an added resistance of 20 Ω? 59. What is the emf for the battery shown?60. A light-dependent resistor (LDR) has R = 25 Ω in bright light and R = 22,000 Ω in low light. An electronic switch will turn on a light when its p.d. is above 7.0 V. What should the value of R2 be? [Show More]

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