PSY 110 - LIFESPAN DEVELOPMENT (DOWNLOAD TO GET A)

PSY 110 - LIFESPAN DEVELOPMENT Question 1 ………. of neurons and glial cells are present at birth Answer: Millions Question 2 Define synaptogenesis Answer: the creation of new synapses Question 3: What is the nam ...

PSY 110 - LIFESPAN DEVELOPMENT Question 1 ………. of neurons and glial cells are present at birth Answer: Millions Question 2 Define synaptogenesis Answer: the creation of new synapses Question 3: What is the name of the process of creating new synapses which happens very quickly in the first couple years of birth? Answer: synaptogenesis Question 4: What is the primary function of brain development in the first year of life? Answer: synaptogenesis and pruning Question 5 At birth we lack the ability to perceive, think, or use language because which area of our brain is not well developed? Answer: The cortex Question 6 Each burst of synaptogenesis is followed by which processes? Answer: pruning Question 7 Explain the "use it or lose it" in the "animal studies" regarding rich and challenging environment for children Answer: A child growing up in a rich or intellectually challenging environment will retain a more complex network of synapses than one growing up with fewer forms of stimulation Question 8 Your brain has the ability to change in response to experience. This ability is known as ____ Answer: plasticity Question 9 James has nice toys, Sara has crappy toys. What describes the likely difference in brain development between James and Sara? Answer: plasticity.... Question 10: According to many neurophysiologists, what will result in the pruning of redundant neural pathways and the selective retention of the most efficient pathways in an infant’s brain? Answer: use it or lose it.... Question 11 What effect does watching television have on the developing brain? Answer: Linked to reduced social interactions between infants and caregivers and ADH in school aged children Question 12 What processes is an emphasis of brain development in the second year of life? Answer: Myelinization Question 13: What is the name of the sheath around the axons that serves as insulations and speeds neural transmissions? Answer Myelin sheath Question 14: The myelinization in the reticular formation makes what possible? Answer: Improve infants ability to focus on a task Question 15 Attention is regulated by which structures? Answer: reticular formation Question 16 What does your text suggest about the persistence of the Moro reflex or the Babinski reflex beyond six months of age? Answer: it could indicate a neurological problem Question 17 What is another name for the startle reflex? Answer: Primitive reflexes Question 18: A baby will play out its toes then curl the under in response to stroking the bottom of the foot. What reflex is this? Answer: It is a primitive reflex, specifically the Babinskis reflex Question 19: A infant's sleep/wake cycle lasts approximately how long? Answer: Repeats about every 2 hours Question 20: By 8 weeks of age, infants show signs of day/night sleep rhythms. What are these called? Answer: circadian rhythms Question 21: Jan and Dan have a new baby girl. Although they complain that the abby wake them a lot at night, the truth is the baby probably sleeps as much as ____ of the time? Answer: 80% Question 22: Typically, infants move into a predictable sleep pattern by what age? Answer: First 6 months Question 23: What is typically true of parents in the United States regarding infants sleep patterns? Answer: Most US parents think babies erratic sleep patterns as a behavior problem and it requires "fixing" through parental intervention Question 24 Describe the basic cry of an infant who is hungry? Answer: Rhythmical pattern. Cry silence breath cry silence breath, with whistling accompanying the in-breath Question 25 Your friend Olive is a first time mom. her 6 week old infant has show a recent increase in crying. She doesn't know whether it is because she picks him every time he cries. What would you say? Answer: Research has shown that prompt attention to a crying baby during the first 3 months actually leads to less crying later in infancy Question 26 An infant begins whimpering and moaning then begins to cry very loudly and intensely. What is the infant most likely expressing? Answer: Anger Question 27: Describe colic Answer: a pattern involving intense bouts of crying totaling 3 or more hours a day, for no immediately apparent reason such as hunger or a wet diaper Question 28: if 2 month old seth has colic. What characteristics will be most noticeable to his parents? Answer: Intense bouts of crying totaling about 3+ hours a day Question 29 Jane has just mastered sitting up without support. About how would you expect Jane to be? Answer: 7-9 months Question 30: Grace has just learned to walk backward. How old would you expect Grace to be? Answer: 13-18 months Question 31 Describe motor skill development Answer: All babies go through the same stages at about the same time regardless of gender Question 32 A child's ability to place round pegs in round holes requires which type of motor skills? Answer: fine motor skills Question 33: What is an application of Thelen's Dynamic Systems Theory? Answer: The stepping reflex, and how as the child has a significant weight increase the stepping reflex goes away. She says it is most likely because their muscles cannot yet handle the extra weight Question 34: Fine motor skills of the hand develop in part because of _____ Answer: the separate bones of the wrist. these also appear earlier in girls than they do in boys Question 35: Define the ability of children to engage in long periods of activity without rest? Answer: stamina Question 36: Describe process of ossification? Answer: Process of bone hardening Question 37: List the benefits regarding breast-feeding Answer: Contributes to more rapid weight and size gain. Less likely to suffer from such problems as diarrhea, gastroenteritis, bronchitis, ear infections, and colic Question 38: Under which circumstances might a doctor recommend that a breast-fed baby be given nutritional supplements? Answer: Preterm babies because their intestinal tracts are not fully developed. Question 39: Most experts recommend that an infants first solid food be _____ Answer: single-grain cereals Question 40: Your text mentions a coexisting condition that causes chronic diarrhea in many infants who suffer from marasmus. What is this coexisting condition? Answer: parasitic infections Question 41: The disease kwashiokor is caused by ______ Answer: diets that contain enough calories but not enough protein. Question 42: What is the most common nutritional problem in industrialized countries such as United States? Answer: micronutrient malnutrition. a deficiency of certain vitamins and or minerals Question 43: What is micronutrient malnutrition? Answer: a deficiency of certain vitamins and minerals. Question 44: Betty and Jon have a newborn. If their baby is an average infant, by his first birthday he will have had Answer: 7 respiratory illnesses Question 45: Immunization is most effective if begun at what time in a child's life? Answer: first month of life Question 46: Between 1992 and 1999 what happened to the rate of infant vaccinations in the United States? Answer: Increased. In 92 only 55% of children had a full set of vaccinations, in 93 90% of kids had a full set Question 47: What is the special, often unexpected urgency in treating infants’ respiratory illnesses promptly? Answer: Because they can lead to serious ear infections Question 48: What is the leading cause of death in the US among infants between the ages of one month and a year? Answer: SIDS Question 49 What is associated with SIDS? Answer: Could be associated with viral infections (more cases in the winter), mother smoking during pregnancy, sleep apnea in babies Question 50: In the United States which group has the lowest infant mortality rate? Answer: Infants who show increasingly lengthy sleep periods during early months are at lower risk of dying from SIDS than babies whose sleep periods do not get much longer as they get longer. Chinese American Question 51: In the United States which group has the highest infant mortality rate? Answer: Babies who have sleep apnea. Babies whose brains have show signs of delayed myelination. African Americans Question 52: Sandy is three years old and has 20/40 vision. What does this mean? Answer: She can see at 20 feet what someone with 20/20 vision could see at 40 feet Question 53: Which terms represent the smooth movement that allows the eyes to follow a moving object? Answer: tracking Question 54 Seth is 6 weeks old. You are holding 3 balloon in your hand. One red, one blue, one green. Can Seth tell that they are different colors? Answer: yes Question 55: What gives us the ability to tell from which direction a sound is coming? Answer: because the sound arrives at one ear before the other Question 56 Your daughter is 20 months old. Explain what is most likely true regarding her auditory acuity and skills? Answer: a 4 degree shift from midline before the baby shows a changed response. We know that newborns can judge the location of the sound Question 57: Describe research conducted by Steiner regarding the taste abilities of infants Answer: babies respond quite differently to sweet, sour, and bitter flavors. they also taste umami, which is the addition of MSG. they seem to like it Question 58: The five basic flavors that humans register _____ Answer: Bitter, Sweet, Sour, salty, umami Question 59 Which of the 5 sense of most fully developed at birth? Answer: touch and motion Question 60: A developmental psychologist is showing a four month old infant a serious of drawings. Each drawing shoes a serious of heavy dots arranged in the shape of a square. After seeing a serious of such pictures, the infant looks for shorter and shorter periods of time until she is barely glancing at each new version of the black dots in a square. Suddenly the researcher presents a new drawing of heavy black dots in the shape of a circle and the baby shows renewed interest by gazing for a longer period of time. What does this illustrate? Answer: habituation Question 61 An infant has lost interest in a familiar stimulus. After the stimulus has been removed for a time, then re-appears the infant shows renewed interest. This defines? Answer: dishabituation Question 62: Habituation is best defined as a decline in attention that occurs because a stimulus has become familiar question 63: Dishabituation describes Answer: responding to a somewhat familiar stimulus as if it were new Question 64: Researchers determine an infants interest in an object by measuring? Answer: preference technique Question 65: Depth perception is possible because of? Answer: Various things. Binocular cues. Monocular cues. Linear perspective. Question 66 What involve processing information based on body motion or the motion of an object in relation to the body? Answer: Kinetic cues Question 67: The "visual cliff" is used to measure? Answer: depth perception Question 68: The well-known research carried out by Gibson and Walk on depth perception is called? Answer: A visual cliff. The runway was half glass half checker patterned, with a checkered pattern a few feet below the glass. so, it tested if the babies could tell the difference Question 69 What is an accurate description of an infant's perceptual abilities? Answer: 6 month old babies have depth perception. Sometimes 3 month olds will flinch when a video is shown to them of something coming right toward them. Question 70: Jose is a 7 month old and growing up in a home where both Russian and English are spoken. Will be understand what is being said? Answer: He can discriminate between the two languages because they can accurately discriminate all sound contrasts. Question 71 Explain the most likely responsible for infant's preference for their mother's voices Answer: In utero learning appears to be responsible for newborns preference for the maternal voice Question 72 Give an example of intermodal perception Answer: recognize solely by feel a toy that he has been but never felt before Question 73 When a child combines information from several senses into one perception this is called? Answer: intermodal perception