Chamberlain College of Nursing BIOS BACTERIA Microbiology Midterm Study Guide .

Microbiology Midterm Study Guide Covers Chapters 1-13 /Week 1 (Chapters 1-3) 1. Pasteur - Final disproof spontaneous generation 2. Hook- Saw first microbes 3. Lister -Aseptic techniques during surgery 4. Semmelweis ...

Microbiology Midterm Study Guide Covers Chapters 1-13 /Week 1 (Chapters 1-3) 1. Pasteur - Final disproof spontaneous generation 2. Hook- Saw first microbes 3. Lister -Aseptic techniques during surgery 4. Semmelweis - Dr. had to wash hands in maternity ward 5. Schultze & Schwann- Chemical treatment of air stops ability to produce life 6. Koch - Developed postulates for disease microbe connection 7. Redi - Maggot-meat experiment 8. Leeuwenhoek - Made first microscope Fundamental of cells: Unicellular (Bacteria, Archaea, Protozoa, some fungi) and multicellular organisms (animals and plants)  All cells (prokaryotes + eukaryotes) have in common: Cell membrane DNA that holds genetic information Ribosomes for protein synthesis Cytoplasm Eukaryotes are more complex with DNA enclosed in nucleus and membrane enclosed organelles Bacterial shapes: Cocci Rods. Vibrio Spirillum Spirochete Branching Filaments 1 Microbiology Midterm Study Guide The 5 Is: Inoculation - Purposely moving something from 1 place to another. starts with specimen collection; lesion, draw blood, bird droppings, etc. - introducing a tiny sample into a medium to provide an env't where they multiply. Incubation - To hear bacteria to make it grow (usually body temp). maintaining something at the most favorable temperature for its development. 20 deg C & 40 deg. C02 may be required. - promotes multiplication of microbes over period of hours. - produces a culture Isolation - Separate from each other separation of a strain from a natural, mixed population of living microbes, spreading bacteria apart as far as possible. - isolated microbes takes the form of separate colonies on solid media or turbidity (free floating cells) on broth. Inspection - Doing tests on the bug appearance, cells, colony (red? shape, gram stain, sugar, etc.). Identification - determine type of microbe - specialized tests; biochemical test to determine metabolic activities specific to microbes - immunologic tests, genetic analysis. Microscopy Basics/ Types of microscopes: 1. Bright field microscope - Most widely used microscope image is darker than illuminated field made by putting light through specimen 2. Dark field microscope- similar to bright field image is lighter than illuminated field bright field microscope is changed to dark field microscope by adding a condenser to the light 3. Phase contrast microscope- used with live specimen produces image with specimen against gray background can see internal cells 4. Differential interreference microscope- produces colorful 3D image 2 prisms which add contrasting colors to image 2 Microbiology Midterm Study Guide 5. Fluorescence microscope – ultraviolet light for colored image against black field makes an image 6. Confocal microscope- visualizes fluorescent molecules in a single plane of focus by excluding out of focus light 7. Transmission electron microscope- uses electron beams to form image magnify images up to 100,000x works by transmitting electrons through specimen 8. Scanning electron microscope – detailed 3D images of specimen magnify up to 650,000x works by sending electrons to the specimen and detecting deflected electrons is characterized as a microscope that has lower magnifying power but can provide 3-dimensional viewing of objects. captures the image of the object in black and white after being stained with gold and palladium. 9. Atomic force microscope- A microscope that uses a beam deflection system with a laser and photodetector to measure the beam position as a cantilever with a tip scans across the surface of a material. The force between the tip and sample is calculated by measuring the deflection of the lever and knowing the stiffness of the cantilever.