Pathophysiology > STUDY GUIDE > Chamberlain College of Nursing NR 283Kristys Revised Patho Final Exam Guide. (All)

Chamberlain College of Nursing NR 283Kristys Revised Patho Final Exam Guide.

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NR 283 Patho Final Exam Guide CHAPTER 2: FLUID, ELECTROLYTE AND ACID-BASE BALANCE (5 questions) 1. EDEMA Increased capillary permeability 2. HYPOKALEMIA/HYPERKALEMIA -Cardiac dysrhythmias 3. PAR... ATHYROID HORMONE (4 Scenarios) -produced in parathyroid gland which are four pea-sized glands that lie behind the thyroid gland -Calcium balance and phosphorus level is controlled by parathyroid hormone -Hypoparathyroidism can lead to hypocalcemia -Hyperparathyroidism can lead to hypercalcemia and bone demineralization that may cause spontaneous fractures. 4. ACIDOSIS (He said general/systemic effect of acidosis) -Excess hydrogen ions -Decrease in serum pH -Addition of bicarbonate to the blood to reverse acidosis (lactate solution) ****Effects of Acidosis Direct effect of acidosis are manifested by the Nervous Sytem: -Impaired nervous system function -Headache -Lethargy -Weakness -Confusion -Coma and death -Compensation -Deep rapid breathing (Kussmaul’s respirations) -Secretion of urine with a low pH 5. RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION (related to anesthesia/drugs on how compensation happens) -Compensation happens for anesthesia, increase in secretion of H+ ions into filtrate CHAPTER 5: INFLAMMATION AND HEALING (5 questions) 1. TEARS -nonspecific/First line of defense/mechanical barrier 2. CONTROLLING ELEVATED TEMPERATURE -body response thru vasodilation, sweating, lethargy and body extend 3. ICE AND EDEMA -Ice/cold cause vasoconstriction, decreasing pain and edema 4. ASPIRIN -aspirin in pediatrics risk for Reye’s Syndrome, complication involves brain and liver damage and can be fatal. 5. NEUTROPHILS -nonspecific, phagocytize bacteria -neutrophils (a leukocytes) and macrophage randomly engulf and destroy bacteria, cell debris and foreign matter CHAPTER 12: CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM DISORDERS (10 questions) 1. ANGINA ***NITROGLYCERIN -Occurs when there is a deficit of oxygen to meet myocardial needs 2. MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION (MI) -death of cardiac muscle resulting from prolonged ischemia ***How is MI Diagnosed? -Diagnosis is confirmed through electrocardiogram (ECG) changes and serum enzyme and isoenzyme levels. -Serum levels of myosin and cardiac troponin are elevated; -serum electrolyte levels may be abnormal; -leukocytosis and an elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) are common; -arterial blood gas is altered. - Pulmonary artery pressure measurements should be conducted to determine ventricular function. [Show More]

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