NUR 201 Week 1 Chapter question and answers guide

NUR 201 Week 1 Chapter question and answers guide Pre/intra/post op 1. Why has laparoscopic surgery taken the place of many “open” surgeries? a. the advantages of avoiding large open wounds or incisions and thus of de ...

NUR 201 Week 1 Chapter question and answers guide Pre/intra/post op 1. Why has laparoscopic surgery taken the place of many “open” surgeries? a. the advantages of avoiding large open wounds or incisions and thus of decreasing blood loss, pain and discomfort. Patients have fewer unwanted effects from analgesia because less analgesia is required. The fine instruments are less apt to cause tissue trauma and blood loss. 2. What techniques are used to minimize patient blood loss during bloodless surgery? a. Autologous blood donation: Giving blood to yourself. For example, patients scheduled for non-emergency surgery may be eligible to donate blood for themselves that will be stored until the surgical procedure. During the period of "storage" the body is making more blood. This donation is suggested in anticipation of a surgical procedure where significant blood loss is common. 3. Name the most frequently required laboratory tests before surgery. a. ABG’s, pulse oximetry - respiratory and metabolic function, oxygenation status b. blood glucose - metabolic status, diabetes c. blood urea nitrogen, creatinine - renal function d. chest x-ray - lung disorders, cardiac enlargement, heart failure e. CBC, RBCs, Hbg, Hct, WBC’s – anemia, immune status, infection f. Electrocardiogram – heart disease, dysrhythmias g. Electrolytes – metabolic status, renal function, diuretic side effect h. hCG – pregnancy status i. Liver function test – liver status j. PT, PTT, INR, platelet count – coagulation status k. Pulmonary function studies – pulmonary status l. Serum albumin – nutritional status m. Type and crossmatch – blood available for replacement (elective surgery patients may have own blood available n. Urinalysis – renal status, hydration, urinary tract infection 4. Why are the elderly at higher risk for complications of surgery? a. The surgical risk in the older adults relates to normal physiologic aging and changes that compromise organ function, reduce reserve capacity, and limit the body’s ability to adapt to stress. This decreased ability to cope with stress, often compounded by the burden of one or more chronic illness, and the surgery itself increase the risk for complications. 5. Explain the procedural guidelines of the informed consent. a. There must be adequate disclosure of the (1) diagnosis; (2) nature and purpose of proposed treatment; (3) risk and consequences of proposed treatment consequences of the proposed treatment; (4) probability of a successful outcome; (5) availability, benefits , and risk of alternative treatments; and (6) prognosis if treatment is not instituted. This study source was downloaded by 100000827141222 from CourseHero.com on 10-19-2021 11:45:23 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/90738515/NUR-201-Week-1-Chapter-question-and-answers-guidedocx/ This study resource was shared via CourseHero.com b. the patient must show a clear understanding of the information before receiving sedating preoperative drug if a patient is sedated prior to signing the consent surgery may be cancelled or delayed. c. The recipient of care must give consent voluntarily. The patient must not be persuaded or coerced in any way by anyone to undergo the procedure. 6. What is the purpose of administering preoperative medications? Class Purpose antibiotics Cefazolin - Preventive postoperative infections Anticholinergics Atropine glucopyrrolate -  oral and respiratory secretions Scopolamine (tranderm scop) – prevent nausea and vomiting, provide sedation Antidiabetics Insulin (Humulin R) – stabilize blood glucose Antiemetics Metoclopramide (reglan) -  gastric emptying Ondansetron (zofran) – prevent nausea and vomiting Benzodiazepines Diazepam (valium), lorazepam (Ativan), midazolam -  anxiety, induce sedation, amnesic effects  - Blocker Labetalol – manage hypertension Histamine (H2)- Receptor antagonist Famotidine, ranitidine -  HCl acid secretion,  pH,  gastric volume Opioids Fentanyl, morphine – relieve pain during preoperative