Mai has moved to the United States from Myanmar. She does not know how to drive and is frightened by the freeways and traffic congestion. Her husband insists that she learn to drive because they live in a suburb with no
...
Mai has moved to the United States from Myanmar. She does not know how to drive and is frightened by the freeways and traffic congestion. Her husband insists that she learn to drive because they live in a suburb with no public transportation.
“No,” says Mai firmly. “I am 38 years old and I have always been able to reach my destination without driving a car.”
According to conventionalism, who has the stronger ethical stance— Mai or her husband?
•
Mai, because she does not want to learn to drive.
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Her husband, because driving is a societal norm in the United States.
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Her husband, because he cannot transport Mai everywhere she needs to go.
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Mai, because driving is not valued in her society like it is in the United States.
CONCEPT
Applying Conventionalism
Henry vandalizes a local school on a friendly dare.
How would a utilitarian classify this action?
•
Supererogatory
•
Neutral
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Impermissible
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Obligatory
CONCEPT
Commitments of Utilitarianism
3
Jimmy is a nurse who cares for the aging Mr. Buckner in New York City. Mr. Buckner is a very wealthy man who has saved a lot of money over the years. One day, Mr. Buckner takes Jimmy aside and tells him that he has decided what to do with his money after he dies. Mr. Buckner tells Jimmy that he wants Jimmy to give all of the money to the New York Knicks basketball team. He makes Jimmy promise three times that he will do this. Jimmy thinks Mr. Buckner has gone crazy, but Mr. Buckner dies before they can discuss it further.
Which action is supported by utilitarianism but intuitively seems unethical?
CONCEPT
Advantages and Shortcomings of Utilitarianism
4
Why is utilitarianism an objectivist or relativist theory?
CONCEPT
Utilitarianism
5
Choose the true statement about virtue-based ethics.
CONCEPT
Virtue-Based Ethics
6
Which of the following people would most likely be satisfied with conventionalism?
CONCEPT
Support for Conventionalism
7
Russ plays the bassoon. Most bassoon players can easily learn the saxophone. It's therefore likely that Russ could easily learn the saxophone. Which type of argument is this?
CONCEPT
Evaluating the Structure of an Argument
8
Which of the following people would likely be satisfied with utilitarianism?
CONCEPT
Support for Utilitarianism
9
Which of the following statements about divine command theory is true?
•
Divine command theory states that good and evil are determined by the conventions of each particular religion.
•
Divine command theory is inherently relativist.
•
Divine command theory is central to all religious practice.
•
Divine command theory states that God's command is the only way to know right from wrong.
CONCEPT
Divine Command Theory
10
"In some places, certain animals are considered divine and have more rights than humans."
To which theory of ethics is the person who made this statement likely appealing?
CONCEPT
Case Study: Animal Rights
11
Which of the following considerations is relevant to a person whose elderly parents are sick but refuse to make an appointment at the doctor?
•
Who has treated their illnesses in the past?
•
Is it her place to make decisions for her parents?
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Does she have medical expertise?
•
Which days of the week are appointments available?
CONCEPT
Actions and Events
12
Which of the following ethical theories defines actions as right or wrong in and of themselves?
CONCEPT
Different Considerations for Evaluating Actions
13
Which of the following observations poses a challenge to the cultural differences argument?
•
No culture has ever willingly assimilated to another culture's beliefs and norms.
CONCEPT
Problems with Conventionalism
14
Karl receives a call from the local police, who are concerned that his son may be growing and distributing an illegal (but not dangerous) drug. Karl knows this suspicion to be true. If he admits it to the police, his son will be arrested, and their family’s name will be tarnished. If he lies, the police will assume the tip they got was false and go away.
Most people are split on this issue. How might it be evaluated by a utilitarian?
CONCEPT
Applying Utilitarianism
15
According to egoism, what might an egoist consider when faced with the issue of world hunger?
•
We all have an obligation to ensure all people have access to food.
•
Governments of poor nations are obligated to feed their citizens.
CONCEPT
Applying Egoism
16
How might a Kantian deontologist evaluate cheating on an assignment?
CONCEPT
Applying Kantian Deontology
17
Many people confuse topics of religion, social etiquette, and law with ethical topics.
Select the example related to social etiquette.
CONCEPT
Ethical and Non-Ethical Topics
18
Which of the following examples contains a disagreement between popular thought and divine command theory?
CONCEPT
Applying Divine Command Theory
19
Francis believes that every person should have ambition.
Which of the following actions is inconsistent with his belief?
CONCEPT
Establishing a Consistent Value System
20
Which of the following is an argument?
Everyone should try learning an instrument at some point.
•
If I don't go out tonight, I won't be crabby tomorrow.
•
My coworkers are all eating lunch. I'm not eating lunch, though.
•
There's not a cloud in the sky today, so you should wear sunscreen if you go outside.
CONCEPT
Introduction to Arguments
21
Which of the following actions represents the step, "Identify positions on the question"?
CONCEPT
The Philosophical Approach to Inquiry
22
Which action demonstrates a shortcoming of virtue-based ethics?
•
Lying so that a coworker will lose his job
CONCEPT
Advantages and Shortcomings of Virtue-Based Ethics
23
Select the statement that reveals upbringing as a source of bias in ethical evaluation.
CONCEPT
Sources of Bias in Ethical Decisions
24
Which of the following is a philosophical question?
CONCEPT
Philosophical and Non-Philosophical Inquiry
25
Which of the following is a deductive argument?
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