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PATHOPHYSIOLOGY – FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE

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PATHOPHYSIOLOGY – FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE NEURO – TERMS TO KNOW CONSCIOUSNESS  The state of being aware, or perceiving physical facts or mental concepts; a state of general wakefulness and r ... esponsiveness to environment; a functioning sensorium. [L. conscio, to know, to be aware of]  totally aware of surrounding activities and incoming stimuli  oriented to time, place, and people  person can respond quickly and appropriately to questions, commands, or events.  Various levels of reduced consciousness may present as o Lethargy o Confusion o Disorientation o memory loss o unresponsiveness to verbal stimuli o difficulty in arousal  Glasgow Coma Scale o Used for assessing LOC  Coma o Most serious level of loss of consciousness o Affected person does not respond to stimuli (pain, or verbal) o Some reflexes may still be present  Deep coma o Loss of all reflexes o Fixed and dilated pupils o Slow and irregular pulse and respirations AROUSAL  Reticular Activating System  determines the degree of arousal or awareness of the cerebral cortex  The pons and medulla influence the brain's awareness of the incoming pain stimuli o PONS – composed of bundles of both afferent (incoming) and efferent (outgoing) fibers o MEDULLA  contains vital control centers that regulate respiratory and cardiovascular function  contains the coordinating centers that govern coughing, swallowing, vomiting VEGETATIVE STATE  Loss of awareness and mental capabilities  Results from diffuse brain damage AMNESIA  Loss of memory [Show More]

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