HLTH 511 Research Final Submission
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Liberty University
Master of Public Health
Health 511
Public Health Research Methods
The Relationship Between Age, Gender, and Handwashing Time
AIDA DENISSE PRYBYLSKI
ID: L28922439
July 13, 201
...
8
Words: 764
08 Fall
Abstract
Data from 100 subjects, 50 males and 50 female, were provided for this study. The independent
t-test for mean differences between gender and handwashing time was t(98)=-.361, p=.218
Results of this study indicate that there is no significant relationship between age, gender, and
handwashing time. There is a significant difference between male and female handwashing
times.
Introduction
The purpose of this study is to identify if male and female handwashing times significantly
differ. In many studies, hand hygiene has been identified as the foremost infection prevention
method.1
The transmission of communicable diseases can be greatly decreased with effective
hand hygiene. Cross-sectional studies are commonly used to determine if there is a relationship
between the age of an individual and hand hygiene. Even though there are proven benefits to
hand washing, it is important to determine if the age of an individual has an impact on hand
washing. Hand hygiene has been identified as an important health measure that needs to be
improved.2
There is a need for determining if there is a relationship between age and handwashing time. One
possible determinant is the sex of the individuals. It is possible that age and gender can both
have a relationship in hand hygiene and the time spent during hand washing.
Methods
Sample:
50 males and 50 females were included in the data set.
Measurements:
A data set was provided regarding handwashing which included:
Sex of the participant
Age of the participant.
Time spent handwashing in seconds.
Statistical Procedures:
A variety of descriptive statistical data were done; including mean, range, minimum, maximum,
standard deviation, variance, skewness, and Levene’s tests. Pearson and Spearman correlation
tests were also utilized.
Hypothesis 1 Tested:
Null Hypothesis: There is no significant relationship between age, gender, and handwashing
time.
Alternative Hypothesis: There is a significant relationship between age, gender, and
handwashing time.
Hypothesis 2 Tested:
Null Hypothesis: There is no significant difference between male and female handwashing times.
Alternative Hypothesis: There is a significant difference between male and female handwashing
times.
Hypothesis tested at the 0.05 level of significance (95% CI).
Data analysis was done using SPSS.
Results
Table 1. Descriptive statistics.
Descriptive Statistics
Mean Std. Deviation N
Seconds 8.4400 3.86207 100
Sex 1.5000 .50252 100
Age 20.0000 1.42134 100
Table 2. Tests of Normality.
Tests of Normality
Kolmogorov-Smirnova Shapiro-Wilk
Statistic df Sig. Statistic df Sig.
Seconds .105 100 .008 .979 100 .108
Figure 1. Distribution of handwashing time
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