SOPHIA UNIT ALL UNITS - PRACTICE MILESTONES
SOPHIA UNIT 1 – PRACTICE MILESTONE 1
1. Plant and animal life faced some challenges when moving from water to land. What was a challenge faced during the early life tr
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SOPHIA UNIT ALL UNITS - PRACTICE MILESTONES
SOPHIA UNIT 1 – PRACTICE MILESTONE 1
1. Plant and animal life faced some challenges when moving from water to land. What was a challenge faced during the early life transitions?
It was more difficult to move on land
2. Pollination is an example of a service. –
Regulating
3. Which of the following statements about continental drift is true?
All of the continents were once one big super-continent, but their separation created more coastlines, which was beneficial for biodiversity
4. "I have spoken out against expanding mining in these mountains, but my position can change if I see a plan that, within the larger scope of lowering energy costs, advocates for responsible mining."
The most likely source for this quotation is .
A politician, because it's a general statement influenced by an agenda and public opinion
5. Which of the following is true about world population growth?
The world population was less than 200 million for most of history; it was 1 billion in 1800, 3 billion in 1959 and 7 billion in 2012.
6. Of the four graphs below, select the one that is misleading.
7. Which of the following is a sustainability issue, as identified by the Brundtland report?
global hunger
8. Which of the following is the best example of how scientists can apply environmental science.
To try to understand the processes and systems that lead to environmental issues
9. Which of the following statements is true about projected population growth?
If growth slows dramatically, the Earth's population in 2050 will be 7.4 billion people.
10. "Humans are intelligent and at the top of the food chain; therefore they are entitled to make decisions about the environment."
This statement reflects which of the following environmental ethical positions?
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11. Select the month the solar system was created from the options below based on the one-year calendar model according to the Big Bang theory.
August
12. Match the graph image with its type and common use.
Histogram that is used to show the frequency of characteristics across groups
13. Which of the following is likely to have led to the greatest number of mass extinctions?
Asteroids
14. Which element is abiotic?
Sand
15. Which of the following statements about Aldo Leopold and his contributions to environmental awareness is true?
He believed humans were ethically obligated to protect the environment as a whole because humans and nature rely on one another.
16. Which statement below about the major impacts of overpopulation is NOT true?
Unchecked population growth will cause migration to cities and the destruction of infrastructures such as dams and bridges.
17. Which of the following describes an effect of an environmental issue experienced at the global level?
Drought and rainfall patterns across continents
18. Correctly identify what event, agent or process of those given below is responsible for the current atmosphere on Earth of 20% oxygen.
Photosynthesis
19. Identify the common factor below that led to population growth improvements to agricultural practices, the Industrial Revolution and the Green Revolution.
Improved methods of food production
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20. Which statement reflects an environmentalist stance?
Approximately 30 million people around the world are dependent on reefs, and they have a duty to protect them.
21. Which of the following correctly defines an ecosystem?
A biological community of living and non-living organisms and their environment
22. Lillian noticed that the flowers on the east side of her home were larger and had more blooms than the flowers in the backyard. She wondered how the amount of sunlight affected their growth. She believed that if she moved her flower garden to the side of her home, the flowers grown there would be healthier and more bountiful, thereby increasing the chances that her garden would be chosen to be included in the Garden Club's walking tour this year. Lillian spent an entire weekend digging up and re-planting her flowers.
According to the steps of the scientific method, what did Lillian fail to do? Reach a conclusion
SOPHIA – UNIT 2 PRACTICE MILESTONE 2 100% CORRECT 22/22
1. According to the graph shown here, which two biomes receive the least amount of precipitation?
Tundra and desert
2. Which characteristic is representative of an exponential population growth model? Reflects growth in an ideal situation
3. Select the example of restoration ecology. Planting new grasses to address erosion issues.
4. Choose the list that has the correct order for the levels of organization in ecology. Organism, population, community, ecosystem, biosphere
5. There are many challenges to protecting endangered species, including identifying a species in danger in time to reverse the threat against it.
Select a possible solution to the environmental issue of protecting endangered species from the options below. Establish nature preserves.
6. Which of the following is an example of symbiosis?
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7. After a devastating tsunami destroys many of Japan's forests, dormant or buried seeds begin to grow again and wildlife slowly returns to its natural habitat.
What is this process called?
Ecological succession
8. Select the statement that is NOT true about the impact of an invasive species on an ecosystem. It can stabilize the populations of native species
9. Which statement accurately describes the "estuary" biome? Freshwater and saltwater mix here
10. Which of the following is a renewable source? Sunlight
11. Choose the one element below that is NOT a result of deforestation. Population growth
12. Which option demonstrates a sustainable use of natural resources, rather than over-exploitation? New technology reduces unwanted fish that are caught in nets and returns them to the ocean.
13. Choose the statement below that correctly explains the nitrogen fixation process.
Micro-organisms in the roots of certain plants take nitrogen from the air and pass it on to the animals that use it to build DNA, proteins and muscle
14. Select the example of a secondary consumer. Lions chase and eat gazelle
15. Choose the true statement about the focus of community ecology, population ecology or ecosystem ecology.
Population ecology considers the number of and age of structures of individuals in an area.
16. Choose the statement below that correctly links an area's physical features to its climate. Land areas far from large bodies of water have little precipitation.
17. According to the graph shown here, in which month is the "carrying capacity" first reached?
Month 6
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18. Which statement is true about energy and trophic levels within a food web? It is more effective to eat organisms at lower trophic levels.
19. Select the example of an invasive species.
Introduced zebra mussels disrupt the food chain by eating plankton that is food for many fish
20. Which statement prizes species for their intrinsic value, rather than for their ecosystem services? The cheetah should be protected because it is the fastest land animal in the world.
21. Beginning at the first trophic level, which of the following comes first in their food chain order? Grass
22. Choose the statement that correctly explains how carbon is cycled.
Plants pull carbon dioxide from the air and grow; animals eat plants and grow, releasing carbon dioxide back into the air.
SOPHIA – UNIT 3 – PRACTICE MILESTONE 3
100% correct! 24/24
1. Identify a major fertilizer that can result in the disruption of ecosystems and have negative impacts on human health.
Nitrogen
2. Janny watched her rose bushes carefully for signs of aphids. When she recognized the signs of their presence on the plant's leaves, she called the local gardening store for advice on how to get rid of them.
Choose the best suggestion from those below for Jenny to get rid of aphids without using pesticides.
Introduce ladybugs to the garden to eat the aphids.
3. All of the following are impacts of urban sprawl EXCEPT:
Decreases in ground-level ozone
4. Select the example of a point source of water pollution.
A company maintains its vehicles by using a special chemical that washes into a nearby stream.
5. Which of the following is the major reason for malnourishment and undernourishment in the world? Lack of food distribution
6. A neighborhood clears an abandoned vacant lot, treats the polluted soil, and creates a community garden.
What approach to addressing urban sprawl is this an example of? Brownfield
7. In the United States, which of the following is the percentage of grain grown that is used for animal feed? 90%
8. Which of the following is NOT true about water supply and demand? Receding glaciers increase freshwater supply.
9. Select the example that describes a political cause of famine. AThgisosvtuedrynsomurceenwtasodffiowcnlioaaldehdobya1r0d0s00t0h80e25c3o12u6n9 tfrroym'sConuarsteHuerrao.lcormesoon u01r-c01e-2s0.22 12:39:36 GMT -06:00
10. Select the true statement about water usage. Households use the least water.
11. Scientists discover that levels of methane gas are rising from decomposition of materials, which pollutes the air.
Which type of waste disposal most likely caused this phenomenon? Landfill
12. Which of the following statements about the ecological footprints of those living in the United States and in developing countries is true?
The ecological footprint per person in the United States is approximately 10 times greater than that of a person in a developing nation.
13. Which of the following is describes a sustainable agricultural practice? Uses resources in a manner that doesn't degrade them
14. Select the entity that is currently decreasing on Earth. Species diversity
15. Which of the following is true about the breakdown of water on Earth?
Although there is an abundant supply of water on Earth, very little freshwater is readily available.
16. All of the following are negative environmental issues associated with agroecosystems EXCEPT
.
decreased runoff from fertilizers
17. Which of the following is true about efforts to address water pollution in the United States? Sewage treatment plants have greatly reduced water pollution
18. Nancy tosses her grass clippings along with food waste into a corner of her yard.
What waste disposal method is she using? Compost
19. Ever since a dam was built to divert a river and create a reservoir on the edges of the city, there were two kinds of people in the city: those in favor of the dam and those opposed to it. Sam Rockwell was one of those opposed, and he was making his regular appearance at the city council meeting with this to say about it. Choose the statement Sam would most likely make about the impacts of the dam.
"That river used to flood regularly, and that made my land in the flood plain fertile."
20. Russell needs to dispose of the acid from several old batteries leaking in his garage. He pours the acid into a plastic container and then carefully mixes it, a little at a time, with water and baking soda, which neutralizes the acid.
Russell uses plastic for storage and mixing because acid has which of the following hazardous waste characteristics?
Corrosive
21. Which of the following is NOT likely a result of a river that has become polluted from agricultural and industrial runoff?
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22. Which characteristic describes developing countries? Have the fastest rate of population growth
23. Select a way that humans impact aquifers. Contaminate groundwater with fertilizers
24. Which of the following correctly lists the three crops that supply the majority of human caloric needs worldwide?
Wheat, rice and corn
SOPHIA – UNIT 4 – PRACTICE MILESTONE 4
100% correct 24/24
1. Of these sources of greenhouse gases, which produces the least? Agriculture
2. Which statement about the characteristics of major greenhouse gases is true? Carbon dioxide is one of the most significant greenhouse gases
3. Select the statement that is NOT true about the U.N. framework for the Kyoto Protocol. It discourages free trade until policies are in place.
4. Choose the action that is associated with harvesting natural resources sustainability. Farmers practice erosion control.
5. Which of the following statements about connections between human activities and environmental damage is NOT true?
Human population growth has created more non-renewable energy sources.
6. Joe is explaining the causes of climate change to his son and provides this sequence of events:
1. Solar radiation from the sun is directed at Earth.
2. Some radiation is reflected back from the Earth's surface.
3. Some of this radiation is absorbed by greenhouse gases.
4.
5. The atmosphere gets warmer. Which statement belongs in Step 4?
The radiation is often absorbed into the atmosphere.
7. Select the example of a natural air pollution source. A volcano erupts and spews smoke and ash.
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8. Julie sighed and closed her textbook. She was convinced. "Wow, global warming really is real," she said to her roommate.
"What?" yawned Elena. "Nah, I don't think so. Doomsayers are always going on about that."
Julie opened the textbook again. "Look at this photograph of glaciers. Look at how much has melted in just the last 50 years."
Elena glanced at the photo without much interest. "Glaciers are like miles and miles of ice. Not enough of them is going to melt to make a difference."
Choose the best response to Elena's assertion from the options below.
Glacial melt and rising sea levels are directly linked.
9. Which outdoor air pollutant comes from using aerosols? Chlorofluorocarbons
10. What is a purpose of the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)? Assess global impacts and risks of climate change
11. Select the statement below that describes environmental sustainability and its goals.
Sustainability creates and maintains conditions under which humans and the environment can productively co- exist for present and future generations.
12. Although there is no single solution to environmental issues, governments, businesses and individuals can all adopt environmentally friendly policies.
Which of the following is the least effective action that individuals and families can take to protect the environment?
Offer incentives to buy green appliances
13. The National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) requires the federal government to do all of the following EXCEPT which option?
Forbid activities that may potentially harm the environment
14. Coal is burned to heat a home.
What is this non-renewable energy source's possible human or environmental impact?
A child suffers respiratory problems from particulate matter.
15. Which of the following is a characteristic of non-renewable energy sources? Supplies on Earth are limited
16. A new business in Alaska pumps 360-degree fluids from the earth into a tank held at a low pressure, which causes the fluids to immediately turn into steam that drives a generator.
This is an example of using which of the following types of energy?
Geothermal
17. Which statement below about the Clean Air Act is true?
Greenhouse gases were determined to be air pollutants under the Clean Air Act.
18. Select one of the following future impacts that is NOT a long-term effect of deforestation. An increase in oxygen
19. Climate change has many impacts.
What is an impact of melting ice caps and glaciers?
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20. Which of the following defines "particulate matter"? Smoke, dirt and dust from factories
21. Which of the following statements describes an involuntary environmental risk? People are more concerned about this type of risk.
22. Which of the following best describes the negative impact of nuclear energy? Damages to plants and wildlife due to reactor leaks
23. The United States' approach to energy supply and demand is to do which of the following? Increase supply and make efforts toward better efficiency
24. Which example is a renewable energy source?
A strong breeze quickly dries laundry hanging outside.
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