Tracy has a positive view of the legal system, including the criminal justice system. She believes that the laws are good, just, and right. Tracy does not "act out" in deviant ways because of her faith in the system.
Tr
...
Tracy has a positive view of the legal system, including the criminal justice system. She believes that the laws are good, just, and right. Tracy does not "act out" in deviant ways because of her faith in the system.
Tracy illustrates which of the following forces of control identified by Travis Hirschi?
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Attachment
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Involvement
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Belief
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Opportunity
2
Caitlin is an archaeologist who is writing her dissertation on the Mayan rite of human sacrifice. She travels to Central America and examines Mayan ruins and cultural artifacts. She attempts to make inferences about their cultural worldview and beliefs. By doing do, she hopes to better understand the sacrifice ritual.
Caitlin tries to understand the Mayans' __________ by investigating their material culture.
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non-material culture
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technology
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society
3
Which of the following is NOT considered to be a crime against the person?
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Burglary and vandalism of a convenience store
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Sexual assault
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A fist fight between two people, leading to injuries and intervention by law enforcement
4
Beginning in the 1970s and continuing through the present, an increasing number of deviant acts have been characterized in the U.S. as illnesses requiring treatment, rather than as crimes requiring punishment.
This process is called which of the following?
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Institutionalization of deviance
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Medicalization of deviance
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Feminization of deviance
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Stigmatization of deviance
5
According to sociologist Robin Williams Jr., which of the following are core values of American life?
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Science
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Equal opportunity
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Racism and group superiority
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All of the answer choices are correct.
6
Which of the following terms refers to the production of goods using machinery powered by energy sources (e.g., steam and electricity)?
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Post-industrialism
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Agriculture
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Industry
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Hunting and gathering
7
Sociobiology is heavily influenced by __________.
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Gerhard Lenski's five types of society
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Charles Darwin's theory of evolution
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Robin Williams Jr.'s core values of American life
8
Society forbids incest — sexual or marital relations between family members.
In this example, incest is a __________ — a societal rule so powerful that its violation is punishable by society.
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counterculture
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folkway
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more
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taboo
9
Jane believes that all cultures in the U.S. must be recognized on their own terms. She also believes that they should co-exist peacefully and be treated with respect.
Jane's views are best described as which of the following?
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Multiculturalism
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Cultural relativism
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Eurocentricism
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Monoculturalism
10
__________ asserts that all aspects of culture are connected and affect each other.
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Cultural lag
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Cultural integration
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Strain theory
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Control theory
11
Giving gifts to observe the Christmas holiday is an example of which of the following?
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Real culture
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Neither real nor ideal culture
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Ideal culture
12
Which of the following statements about the feminist perspective on deviance is true?
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It states that existing theories of deviance do not account for the behavior of women.
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It states that female deviance is more important than male deviance.
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It states that existing theories of deviance accurately describe female behavior.
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None of the answer choices are correct.
13
Bernie Madoff, a wealthy hedge fund manager, was convicted of defrauding investors in a pyramid scheme.
Madoff was guilty of which of the following types of crime?
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Organized crime
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Corporate crime
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Blue collar crime
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White collar crime
14
One justification for punishing criminals is that fear of punishment will prevent people from breaking the law.
This is known as __________.
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due process
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retribution
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deterrence
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rehabilitation
15
Which of the following statements about strain theory is true?
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Strain theory argues that people always conform because they want to get ahead.
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Strain theory argues that group associations explain why people engage in deviant behavior.
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Strain theory was developed by Robert K. Merton.
16
Which of the following statements about differential association theory is true?
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It is a theory stating that the labels which we apply to people determine their behavior.
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It is a theory that asserts that those who are in power set the rules.
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It is a theory that states that the inability to reach cultural goals legally causes deviance.
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It is a theory that claims that a person's social group can determine his or her tendency toward deviance.
17
Which of the following terms best describes the social process through which we share beliefs, knowledge, and understanding of the world?
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Symbolic language
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Mores
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Cultural transmission
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The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis
18
Which of the following statements is NOT true of the Massachusetts Bay Puritans?
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The Puritans, a God-fearing and well-behaved society, created deviance as a functional necessity.
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There was no deviance in Puritan society.
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Puritan society experienced several crime waves.
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Despite changes in the nature of crime, the rates of deviance remained constant over time in Puritan society. This indicates that there was always some deviance in Puritan society.
19
The Miami Heat (a professional basketball team) is an example of which of the following cultural concepts?
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Counterculture
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Monoculture
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Subculture
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Multiculturalism
20
Which of the following is NOT an example of a community-based correction procedure?
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None of the answer choices are correct.
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The death penalty
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Parole
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Probation
21
Which of the following statements about cultural relativism is FALSE?
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It requires openness to unfamiliar values and norms.
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It requires judgment of other cultures according to the standards of our own culture.
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It requires judgment of a culture according to its own standards.
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It asserts that moral standards vary from society to society.
22
The argument that every social institution (including the law) supports the interests of the rich is part of which of the following theories?
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Labeling theory
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Control theory
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Conflict theory
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Differential association theory
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