ENG 115 Unit 3 Milestone 3 Sophia Course English Composition I

ENG 115 Unit 3 Milestone 3 Sophia Course English Composition I 1 Select the statement about writing in the informative mode that is TRUE. • The writer should reserve informative writing for academic contexts only. ...

ENG 115 Unit 3 Milestone 3 Sophia Course English Composition I 1 Select the statement about writing in the informative mode that is TRUE. • The writer should reserve informative writing for academic contexts only. • The writer should examine his or her biases and assumptions. • The writer should include examples from personal experience to enhance the written work. • The writer should include research that supports his or her claim to convince readers to agree with that position. RATIONALE Informative writing should maintain an impartial or objective viewpoint, so the writer needs to examine any personal biases and assumptions; using personal experiences or anecdotes is not appropriate in this type of writing. Because the purpose of informative writing is to inform or explain, this type of writing is common in both academic and non-academic settings. Convincing the reader to agree with a position by incorporating supporting evidence is a goal associated with argumentative writing. CONCEPT Introduction to Informative Writing I need help with this question 2 The following excerpt from an article titled "Digital Ethics" provides information and explains ideas related to modern online ethics: "One of the most immediate reasons why digital ethics are important is because how we present, indeed construct our persona(s) affects the way in which our communication and intentions will be received. The notion that individual ethics impact our arguments is nothing new. Much of how we understand and categorize argumentation today stems from Aristotle’s “appeals," which are generally understood as the means of persuasion — how we support our arguments for specific audiences." From which type of informative essay has this excerpt been taken? How do you know? • Analysis, because it analyzes Aristotle's "appeals" • Analysis, because it discusses how to break down an argument • Definition, because it redefines the term "ethics" in a digital context • Definition, because it provides the dictionary definition of "digital ethics" RATIONALE This excerpt is taken from a definition essay because it explores an alternate definition of a word or phrase (in this instance, "ethics"), as opposed to simply explaining the established definition. The writer explains that although the concept of ethics is not new, the way in which it applies to the digital world is. The writer mentions Aristotle's "appeals," but they are not analyzed in depth, or used to break down an argument; therefore, this is not an analytical essay. CONCEPT Model Informative Essays I need help with this question 3 Zora Neale Hurston s novel Their Eyes were Watching God is rich in imagery and a sense of place and time. Hurston perfectly captures the cadence of black Southern dialect and leads the reader to understand the raw power of language. Janie is a woman struggling to find her voice and by novel's end, she has succeeded--through pain and loss and suffering--in defining herself and knowing her place in the world. Select the word that best describes the tone of the paragraph. • informal • tragic • positive • humorous RATIONALE Remember that tone is the writer's attitude toward the subject, as conveyed through a piece of writing. The paragraph reads like a scholarly book review, so the tone is not informal or humorous. A tragic tone would use negatively charged language, which this piece does not. In fact, the writer uses phrases like "rich in imagery" and "succeeded--through pain and loss and suffering--in defining herself," indicating a positive view of the novel. CONCEPT Tone and Personal Style I need help with this question 4 When writing in the informative mode, all of the following actions are unethical EXCEPT __________. • failing to reveal personal biases or assumptions about the topic • misrepresenting what an expert or authority has stated • including direct quotations with citations to support one's ideas • omitting facts that might change readers' minds RATIONALE When written work is labeled as informative, readers expect objectivity and neutrality. Therefore, misrepresenting what an expert or authority has stated, omitting facts that might change readers' minds, and failing to reveal personal biases or assumptions about the topic are unethical actions. Including direct quotations with citations to support one's ideas is the only option that does not violate ethical responsibility. CONCEPT Ethics and Analysis of Informative Writing I need help with this question 5 Select the sentence that correctly uses apostrophes. • Bill's company was hosting a picnic in the park for employee's and their families. All of his coworkers would be there to celebrate the companys 10th anniversary. • Bills company was hosting a picnic in the park for employees and their families. All of his coworker's would be there to celebrate the companys 10th anniversary. • Bill's company was hosting a picnic in the park for employees and their families. All of his coworkers would be there to celebrate the company's 10th anniversary. • Bills company was hosting a picnic in the park for employees and their families. All of his coworker's would be there to celebrate the company's 10th anniversary. RATIONALE Remember that apostrophes are used to indicate possession or form contractions. "Bill's" and "company's" both need apostrophes to demonstrate possession of the company and the anniversary, respectively. Conversely, "coworkers" and "employees" are simply plural nouns and not possessive in this instance, meaning no apostrophe is needed. The correct answer is "Bill's company was hosting a picnic in the park for employees and their families. All of his coworkers would be there to celebrate the company's 10th anniversary." I need help with this question 6 Choose the sentence that eliminates all passive voice constructions. • When my children were young, we planned a trip to the apple orchard each autumn; both apples and pumpkins were purchased for eating and baking. • When my children were young, we planned a trip to the apple orchard each autumn and purchased both apples and pumpkins for eating and baking. • When my children were young, a trip to the apple orchard was planned each autumn; both apples and pumpkins were purchased for eating and baking. • When my children were young, a trip to the apple orchard was planned each autumn; we purchased both apples and pumpkins for eating and baking. RATIONALE The passive voice construction emphasizes the object (the person or thing receiving the action) of a sentence instead of the subject, while the active voice emphasizes the subject (the person or thing doing the action). The only sentence to use the active voice throughout is "When my children were young, we planned a trip to the apple orchard each autumn and purchased both apples and pumpkins for eating and baking." The other three sentences are constructed in a way that highlights the objects (a trip to the apple orchard/apples and pumpkins), making the sentences less clear and concise. CONCEPT Sentences and Style I need help with this question 7 Select the sentence that correctly uses commas. • After raking the leaves I went grocery shopping washed the car, and cooked supper. • After raking the leaves, I went grocery shopping, washed the car, and cooked supper. • After raking the leaves I went grocery shopping, washed the car and cooked supper. • After raking the leaves I went grocery shopping, washed the car, and, cooked supper. RATIONALE When used in a list (three or more items), commas should separate each item. Two of the answer choices ("After raking the leaves I went grocery shopping washed the car, and cooked supper" and "After raking the leaves I went grocery shopping, washed the car and cooked supper") only have a comma separating two of the items on the list. The sentence "After raking the leaves I went grocery shopping, washed the car, and, cooked supper" incorrectly places an additional comma after "and." Therefore, the correct answer is "After raking the leaves, I went grocery shopping, washed the car, and cooked supper." I need help with this question 8 Select the version of the underlined sentence that is punctuated correctly. • At the party last night I met Tom, a chef at La Foil, Jude, a curator at the Museum of Modern Art, and Lily, a dancer with the Russian Ballet. • At the party last night I met Tom, a chef at La Foil; Jude, a curator at the Museum of Modern Art; and Lily, a dancer with the Russian Ballet. • At the party last night I met Tom, a chef at La Foil: Jude, a curator at the Museum of Modern Art: and Lily, a dancer with the Russian Ballet. • At the party last night I met Tom, a chef at La Foil" Jude, a curator at the Museum of Modern Art" and Lily, a dancer with the Russian Ballet. RATIONALE Remember that semicolons should be used to separate items in a complex list, when the items listed have multiple words or commas within them. In this example, commas will need to be used to separate the people's names from their professions; therefore, semicolons should be used to separate each person. The only sentence to do this correctly is At the party last night I met Tom, a chef at La Foil; Jude, a curator at the Museum of Modern Art; and Lily, a dancer with the Russian Ballet. CONCEPT Useful Punctuation: Exclamation Points, Semicolons, Colons, and Quotation Marks I need help with this question 9 There are many kinds of informative writing. When a writer explains the steps in an activity or procedure, he or she is likely writing a(n) __________ essay. • classification • definition • process • analytical RATIONALE Explaining the steps of an activity or procedure is part of process writing. The other types of informative writing serve different purposes. Analytical writing examines the components of written content, images, or data; definition writing explores the varied meanings of a word or phrase; classification writing divides or organizes things into categories. CONCEPT Types of Informative Writing I need help with this question 10 Choose the statement that is NOT true about factors that influence a writer's style. • Informal writing can include slang, euphemisms, and dialect. • Style conventions tend to be the same across all genres. • Certain audiences respond more favorably to specific styles of writing. • Writers generally try to match their writing style with the genre they 're writing in. RATIONALE Recall that style is the way a person writes, and certain audiences respond more favorably to specific writing styles. To ensure their writing achieves its purpose, writers will often try to match their writing style to the genre in which they are writing. For instance, informal writing can include slang, euphemisms, and dialect; however, this language would be out of place in formal or academic writing. Therefore, it is untrue that style conventions are the same across all genres. CONCEPT Introduction to Style I need help with this question 11 Choose the sentence that does NOT demonstrate redundant language, repetitive synonyms, or inappropriate connotation. • My sister is a good cook; I often smell the stench of her food when I visit her house. • Danny buckled his seatbelt, turned on the radio, and started up the car. • Because of the fact that I was late, I missed the first act of the play. • I gave the man my best happy, cheery smile when I greeted him at the counter. RATIONALE Remember that redundant language and repetitive synonyms occur in a sentence when a writer uses a word or phrase with a meaning what another word or phrase has already conveyed. Three out of the four sentences have redundancies in their word choice: "Because of the fact that I was late, I missed the first act of the play;" "I gave the man my best happy, cheery smile when I greeted him at the counter;" "My sister is a good cook; I often smell the stench of her food when I visit her house." This last sentence is also an example of inappropriate connotation, as the term "stench" implies a bad smell as opposed to an appetizing one. CONCEPT Word Choice, Experimentation, and Style I need help with this question 12 Choose the sentence that uses an abbreviation that is acceptable in academic writing. • The Brown Bear measured an astounding 8 ft and 11 in tall while standing. • The average IQ of an individual in the United States is 98. • He lived in the state of CA for most of his life until he moved to AZ after retirement. • The government office noted that it is open Mon-Fri from 8:00 in the morning until 5:00 in the evening. RATIONALE In academic writing, abbreviations shouldn't be used except for in a few specific circumstances: when the abbreviation has its own dictionary definition or is commonly known, when the full phrase has already been introduced, or when the abbreviation is a Latin or reference abbreviation. Therefore, the sentence "The average IQ of an individual in the United States is 98" demonstrates an acceptable use of an abbreviation. CONCEPT Mechanics: Capitalization, Italics, Numbers, Abbreviations I need help with this question 13 Which of the following describes a definition essay? • an essay that examines an advertisement to understand its meaning. • an essay that breaks down the findings of a scientific experiment. • an essay that examines the individual parts that make up a steam engine. • an essay that describes what it means to be courageous RATIONALE Remember that a definition essay is a type of informative essay that explores the varied and possible meanings of a word or phrase. Therefore, the correct answer is an essay that describes what it means to be courageous. An essay that examines an advertisement to understand its meaning, an essay that breaks down the findings of a scientific experiment, and an essay that examines the individual parts that make up a steam engine are all examples of analytical essays because they involve examining the individual components of a text, image, or set of data. CONCEPT Writing Effective Informative Essays I need help with this question