*NURSING > EXAM > PN2 Exam #2 Study Guide (All)

PN2 Exam #2 Study Guide

Document Content and Description Below

• Characterized by exacerbations of acute airway inflammation • Airway obstruction occurs d/t bronchoconstriction, mucous, or inflammation when exposed to trigger Clinical Manifestations: • H... igh pitched, wheezing lung sounds • Cough • SOB • Chest tightness • Worsens at night or when triggers are present Medications: • Short Acting= Albuterol, Proventil, Ventoli • Long Acting= Serevent • Corticosteroids= Serevent, Advair Education: • Avoid triggers • Stop/avoid smoking • Teach which inhaler is rescue Exacerbation Interventions: • Give short-acting beta agonist • IV corticosteroids depending on severity • O2 via nasal cannula • High-fowler’s position • Calm atmosphere Questions: If a pt. is having an asthma attack how would you expect it to affect their VS? • At first RR increased then decreased as attack progresses • Tachycardia >120 • Decreased BP If you give a pt. Albuterol, what type of side effects would you expect to see? • Increased HR • Tremors What are rescue medications for Asthma? • Short-acting beta agonists (Albuterol) EPITAXIS • Nose bleed – d/t trauma, allergies, drug use • Most frequent ED complaint Interventions & Treatment: • Anterior portion of nose = apply direct pressure for 5-10 while leaning forward • Apply silver nitrate • Apply lidocaine/ep with cotton pledge for 5-10 minutes • Nasal packing for 2-5 days • Educate on prevention – Vaseline, humidifiers COPD • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease – emphysema & chronic bronchitis • Causes= air pollution, occupation, smoking Primary Symptoms: • Cough • Sputum production • DOE – Dyspnea On Exertion Clinical Manifestations: • Wheezes or crackles heard in lungs • Prolonged expiratory phase • Distant heart sounds • Orthopneic position • Barrel chest • Use of accessory muscles • Weight loss (dyspnea with eating) • Late phase= clubbing to nails, right-sided HF, chronic cyanosis Medications: • Avoid frequent use of cough suppressants (antitussives) because coughing is a protective mechanism • Limit narcotic use d/t respiratory depression can worsen hypercapnia • Beta-Adrenergic Agonists: Albuterol, formoterol • Anticholinergics: Atrovent, Spiriva • Corticosteroids: short course only • Methylxanthines: Theophylline (limited) Interventions & Education: • Pursed lipped breathing • Controlled coughing • Controlled O2 therapy (1-2 L) • Low sodium diet • Diaphragmic breathing • Conserve energy • Small frequent meals • Increase fluids • BiPAP .............................................CONTINUED......................................... [Show More]

Last updated: 2 years ago

Preview 1 out of 14 pages

Buy Now

Instant download

We Accept: