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Difference between excretion and secretion - Excretion- Removal of metabolic waste/ harmful substance from body and does not use vesicles Secretion- useful product Useful in cell signalling Releas... ed from glands (ductless or ducts) Remains in body Uses vesicles Similarity between excretion and secretion - Both require ATP Involved in homeostasis Compounds produced by cell/ metabolism/ need to leave cell. Aerobic respiration can be summarised using: C6H12O6 +6O2 --- 6CO2 + 6H20 Why is this an over simplification - Other substrates can be used, i.e lipids and amino acids ATP is produced by substrate level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation Not a single step reaction i.e Glycolysis, Links, Krebs and Oxidative Phosphorylation Enzymes involved dehydrogenation, decarboxylation, oxidative phosphorylation coenzymes -NAD, involved in oxidative phosphorylation / link reaction / Krebs cycle / glycolysis glucose does not, combine / react , (directly) with oxygenoxygen) used in oxidative phosphorylation is final electron acceptor / is final hydrogen acceptor ; Seals come to surface of water to obtain air and can then stay underwater for 20 mins. Suggest how the seal is adapted to respire for such a long time underwater - Seals have large vital capacity (lungs), takes in larger volume of oxygen Seals have lower metabolic rate, lower resp. rate and less metabolically active. So demand for ATP lower. Can respire anaerobically for longer. Large supplies of NAD. Prevents build up of lactate which will lower pH. Or Seal tolerates lactate/ removes quickly. Seal tolerates low pH and has more pH buffers Seal tolerates high co2 conc. Has plenty myoglobin- carries oxygen Haemoglobin has higher affinity for oxygen Suggest why increase in temperature results to increase in speed of conduction - More KE, ions diffuse across axon membrane into neurone/ between nodes/ along neurone quicker. Faster movement of vesicles containing neurotransmitter and exocytosis Neurotransmitter diffuses faster across synapse Neurotransmitter broken down by acetycholinestarse quicker [Show More]

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