Essentials of Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences, 9th Edition By Frederick Gravetter, Larry Wallnau, Lori-Ann Forzano | eBook [PDF]
Contents
Preface
Chapter 1: Introduction to Statistics
Statistics, Science, a
...
Essentials of Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences, 9th Edition By Frederick Gravetter, Larry Wallnau, Lori-Ann Forzano | eBook [PDF]
Contents
Preface
Chapter 1: Introduction to Statistics
Statistics, Science, and Observations
Variables and Measurement
Three Data Structures, Research Methods, and Statistics
Statistical Notation
Summary
Focus on Problem Solving
Demonstration 1.1
Problems
Chapter 2: Frequency Distributions
Frequency Distributions and Frequency Distribution Tables
Grouped Frequency Distribution Tables
Frequency Distribution Graphs
Summary
Focus on Problem Solving
Demonstration 2.1
Problems
Chapter 3: Central Tendency
Overview
The Mean
The Median
The Mode
Central Tendency and the Shape of the Distribution
Selecting a Measure of Central Tendency
Summary
Focus on Problem Solving
Demonstration 3.1
Problems
Chapter 4: Variability
Introduction to Variability
Defining Variance and Standard Deviation
Measuring Variance and Standard Deviation for a Population
Measuring Variance and Standard Deviation for a Sample
Sample Variance as an Unbiased Statistic
More about Variance and Standard Deviation
Summary
Focus on Problem Solving
Demonstration 4.1
Problems
Chapter 5: Scores: Location of Scores and Standardized Distributions
Introduction
z-Scores and Locations in a Distribution
Other Relationships between z, X, the Mean, and the Standard Deviation
Using z-Scores to Standardize a Distribution
Other Standardized Distributions Based on z-Scores
Looking Ahead to Inferential Statistics
Summary
Focus on Problem Solving
Demonstration 5.1
Demonstration 5.2
Problems
Chapter 6: Probability
Introduction to Probability
Probability and the Normal Distribution
Probabilities and Proportions for Scores from a Normal Distribution
Looking Ahead to Inferential Statistics
Summary
Focus on Problem Solving
Demonstration 6.1
Problems
Chapter 7: Probability and Samples: The Distribution of Sample Means
Samples, Populations, and the Distribution of Sample Means
Shape, Central Tendency, and Variability for the Distribution of Sample Means
z-Scores and Probability for Sample Means
More about Standard Error
Looking Ahead to Inferential Statistics
Summary
Focus on Problem Solving
Demonstration 7.1
Problems
Chapter 8: Introduction to Hypothesis Testing
The Logic of Hypothesis Testing
Uncertainty and Errors in Hypothesis Testing
More about Hypothesis Tests
Directional (One-Tailed) Hypothesis Tests
Concerns about Hypothesis Testing: Measuring Effect Size
Statistical Power
Summary
Focus on Problem Solving
Demonstration 8.1
Problems
Chapter 9: Introduction to the t Statistic
The t Statistic: An Alternative to z
Hypothesis Tests with the t Statistic
Measuring Effect Size for the t Statistic
Directional Hypotheses and One-Tailed Tests
Summary
Focus on Problem Solving
Demonstration 9.1
Problems
Chapter 10: The t Test for Two Independent Samples
Introduction to the Independent-Measures Design
The Hypotheses and the Independent-Measures t Statistic
Hypothesis Tests with the Independent-Measures t Statistic
Effect Size and Confidence Intervals for the Independent-Measures t
The Role of Sample Variance and Sample Size in the Independent-Measures t Test
Summary
Focus on Problem Solving
Demonstration 10.1
Problems
Chapter 11: The t Test for Two Related Samples
Introduction to Repeated-Measures Designs
The t Statistic for a Repeated-Measures Research Design
Hypothesis Tests for the Repeated-Measures Design
Effect Size, Confidence Intervals, and the Role of Sample Size and Sample Variance for the Repeated-
Comparing Repeated and Independent-Measures Designs
Summary
Focus on Problem Solving
Demonstration 11.1
Demonstration 11.2
Problems
Chapter 12: Introduction to Analysis of Variance
Introduction (An Overview of Analysis of Variance)
The Logic of Analysis of Variance
ANOVA Notation and Formulas
Examples of Hypothesis Testing and Effect Size with ANOVA
Post Hoc Tests
More about ANOVA
Summary
Focus on Problem Solving
Demonstration 12.1
Demonstration 12.2
Problems
Chapter 13: Repeated-Measures and Two-Factor Analysis of Variance
Introduction to the Repeated-Measures ANOVA
Hypothesis Testing and Effect Size with the Repeated-Measures ANOVA
More about the Repeated-Measures Design
An Overview of the Two-Factor, Independent-Measures ANOVA
An Example of the Two-Factor ANOVA and Effect Size
Summary
Focus on Problem Solving
Demonstration 13.1
Demonstration 13.2
Problems
Chapter 14: Correlation and Regression
Introduction
The Pearson Correlation
Using and Interpreting the Pearson Correlation
Hypothesis Tests with the Pearson Correlation
Alternatives to the Pearson Correlation
Introduction to Linear Equations and Regression
Summary
Focus on Problem Solving
Demonstration 14.1
Problems
Chapter 15: The Chi-Square Statistic: Tests for Goodness of Fit and Independence
Introduction to Chi-Square: The Test for Goodness of Fit
An Example of the Chi-Square Test for Goodness of Fit
The Chi-Square Test for Independence
Effect Size and Assumptions for the Chi-Square Tests
The Relationship between Chi-Square and Other Statistical Procedures
Summary
Focus on Problem Solving
Demonstration 15.1
Demonstration 15.2
Problems
Appendixes
Appendix A: Basic Mathematics Review
A-1 Symbols and Notation
A-2 Proportions: Fractions, Decimals, and Percentages
A-3 Negative Numbers
A-4 Basic Algebra: Solving Equations
A-5 Exponents and Square Roots
Appendix B: Statistical Tables
Appendix C: Solutions for Odd-Numbered
Appendix D: General Instructions for Using SPSS
Statistics Organizer: Finding the Right Statistics for Your Data
References
Name Index
Subject Index
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