[eBook] [PDF] Mechanics of Materials, 10th Edition By Russell Hibbeler

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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS MECHANICS OF MATERIALS To the Student Preface New to This Edition Contents Hallmark Elements your answer specific feedback Resources for Instructors Resources for Stude... nts Contents MECHANICS OF MATERIALS Chapter 1 Stress Chapter Objectives 1.1 Introduction Historical Development.  1.2 Equilibrium of a Deformable Body Loads.  Support Reactions.  Equations of Equilibrium.  Internal Resultant Loadings.  Three Dimensions.  Normal force, N.  Shear force, V.  Torsional moment or torque, T.  Bending moment, M.  Coplanar Loadings.  SOLUTION Support Reactions.  Free-Body Diagram.  Equations of Equilibrium. SOLUTION Support Reactions.  Free-Body Diagram.  Equations of Equilibrium. SOLUTION Support Reactions.  Free-Body Diagram.  Equations of Equilibrium.  SOLUTION Free-Body Diagram.  Equations of Equilibrium.  Preliminary Problems Fundamental Problems Problems 1.3 Stress Normal Stress.  Shear Stress.  General State of Stress.  Units.  1.4 Average Normal Stress in an Axially Loaded Bar Average Normal Stress Distribution.  Equilibrium.  Maximum Average Normal Stress.  SOLUTION Internal Loading.  Average Normal Stress.  SOLUTION Internal Loading.  Average Normal Stress.  SOLUTION Internal Loading.  Average Compressive Stress.  SOLUTION Internal Loading.  Average Normal Stress.  1.5 Average Shear Stress Shear Stress Equilibrium.  SOLUTION Internal Loadings.  SOLUTION Internal Loadings.  SOLUTION Internal Loadings.  Average Stress.  Preliminary Problems Fundamental Problems Problems 1.6 Allowable Stress Design Simple Connections.  1.7 Limit State Design Load Factors.  Resistance Factors.  Design Criteria. SOLUTION Pin Forces. Allowable Shear Stress. Pin A. Pin C. SOLUTION Diameter of Rod. Thickness of Disk. SOLUTION Failure of Plate in Tension. Failure of Plate by Bearing. Failure of Plate by Shear. Failure of Bolt by Shear. SOLUTION Factored Loads. Area. Fundamental Problems Problems Chapter Review Conceptual Problems Review Problems Chapter 2 Strain Chapter Objectives 2.1 Deformation 2.2 Strain Normal Strain.  Units.  Shear Strain.  Cartesian Strain Components.  Small Strain Analysis.  SOLUTION Geometry.  Average Normal Strain. SOLUTION I Geometry.  Normal Strain. SOLUTION II SOLUTION Preliminary Problems Fundamental Problems Problems Chapter 3 Mechanical Properties of Materials Chapter Objectives 3.1 The Tension and Compression Test 3.2 The Stress–Strain Diagram Conventional Stress–Strain Diagram.  Elastic Behavior.  Yielding.  Strain Hardening.  Necking.  True Stress–Strain Diagram.  Steel.  3.3 Stress–Strain Behavior of Ductile and Brittle Materials Ductile Materials.  Brittle Materials.  Stiffness.  Strain Hardening.  3.4 Strain Energy Modulus of Resilience.  Modulus of Toughness.  SOLUTION Modulus of Elasticity.  Yield Strength.  Ultimate Stress.  Fracture Stress.  SOLUTION Permanent Strain.  Modulus of Resilience. SOLUTION Fundamental Problems Problems 3.5 Poisson’s Ratio SOLUTION 3.6 The Shear Stress–Strain Diagram SOLUTION Shear Modulus.  Proportional Limit.  Ultimate Stress.  Maximum Elastic Displacement and Shear Force.  SOLUTION Modulus of Elasticity.  Contraction of Diameter.  *3.7 Failure of Materials Due to Creep and Fatigue Creep.  Fatigue.  Fundamental Problems Problems Chapter Review Review Problems Chapter 4 Axial Load Chapter Objectives 4.1 Saint-Venant’s Principle 4.2 Elastic Deformation of an Axially Loaded Member Constant Load and Cross-Sectional Area.  Sign Convention. SOLUTION Internal Forces.  Displacement.  SOLUTION Internal Force.  Displacement.  SOLUTION Internal Force.  Displacement.  SOLUTION Internal Force.  Displacement.  Preliminary Problems Fundamental Problems Problems 4.3 Principle of Superposition 4.4 Statically Indeterminate Axially Loaded Members SOLUTION Equilibrium.  Compatibility.  Load–Displacement.  SOLUTION Equilibrium.  Compatibility.  Load–Displacement.  SOLUTION Equilibrium.  Compatibility.  Load–Displacement.  SOLUTION Equilibrium.  Compatibility.  Load–Displacement.  4.5 The Force Method of Analysis for Axially Loaded Members SOLUTION Compatibility.  Load–Displacement.  Equilibrium.  Problems 4.6 Thermal Stress SOLUTION Equilibrium.  Compatibility.  Load–Displacement.  SOLUTION Equilibrium.  Compatibility.  Load–Displacement.  SOLUTION Equilibrium.  Compatibility.  Load–Displacement.  Problems 4.7 Stress Concentrations *4.8 Inelastic Axial Deformation *4.9 Residual Stress SOLUTION Part (a).  Part (b).  SOLUTION SOLUTION Residual Stress.  Problems Chapter Review Conceptual Problems Review Problems Chapter 5 Torsion Chapter Objectives 5.1 Torsional Deformation of a Circular Shaft  5.2 The Torsion Formula Polar Moment of Inertia.  Shear Stress Distribution. SOLUTION Section Properties.  Shear Stress.  SOLUTION Internal Torque.  Section Property. Shear Stress. SOLUTION Internal Torque.  Section Property.  Shear Stress.  5.3 Power Transmission Shaft Design. SOLUTION Preliminary Problems Fundamental Problems Problems 5.4 Angle of Twist Constant Torque and Cross-Sectional Area.  Multiple Torques.  Sign Convention.  SOLUTION Internal Torque.  Angle of Twist.  SOLUTION Internal Torque.  Angle of Twist.  SOLUTION Internal Torque.  Angle of Twist.  SOLUTION Internal Torque.  Maximum Shear Stress.  Angle of Twist.  Fundamental Problems Problems 5.5 Statically Indeterminate Torque-Loaded Members SOLUTION Equilibrium. Compatibility. Load–Displacement. SOLUTION Equilibrium. Compatibility. Load–Displacement. Problems *5.6 Solid Noncircular Shafts SOLUTION Circular Cross Section.  *5.7 Thin-Walled Tubes Having Closed Cross Sections Shear Flow.  Average Shear Stress.  Angle of Twist.  SOLUTION Average Shear Stress. Angle of Twist. SOLUTION Average Shear Stress. ­­ Angle of Twist.  Problems 5.8  Stress Concentration SOLUTION Internal Torque.  Maximum Shear Stress.  *5.9 Inelastic Torsion Elastic-Plastic Torque.  Plastic Torque.  *5.10 Residual Stress Ultimate Torque.  SOLUTION Maximum Elastic Torque.  Plastic Torque.  Outer Radius Shear Strain.  SOLUTION SOLUTION Plastic Torque.  Problems Chapter Review Review Problems Chapter 6 Bending Chapter Objectives 6.1 Shear and Moment Diagrams Beam Sign Convention. SOLUTION Support Reactions. Shear and Moment Functions. Shear and Moment Diagrams. SOLUTION Support Reactions. Shear and Moment Functions. Shear and Moment Diagrams. SOLUTION Support Reactions. Shear and Moment Functions. Shear and Moment Diagrams. SOLUTION Support Reactions. Shear and Moment Functions. Shear and Moment Diagrams. 6.2 Graphical Method for Constructing Shear and Moment Diagrams Regions of Distributed Load. Regions of Concentrated Force and Moment. SOLUTION Support Reactions. Shear Diagram. Moment Diagram. SOLUTION Support Reactions. Shear Diagram. Moment Diagram. SOLUTION Support Reactions. Shear Diagram. Moment Diagram. SOLUTION Support Reactions. Shear Diagram. Moment Diagram. SOLUTION Support Reactions. Shear Diagram. Moment Diagram. SOLUTION Support Reactions. Shear Diagram. Moment Diagram. Preliminary Problems Fundamental Problems Problems 6.3 Bending Deformation of a Straight Member 6.4 The Flexure Formula Location of Neutral Axis. Bending Moment. SOLUTION Part (a). Part (b). SOLUTION Maximum Internal Moment. Section Property. SOLUTION Internal Moment. Section Property. Maximum Bending Stress. SOLUTION Without Ribs. With Ribs. Preliminary Problems Fundamental Problems Problems 6.5 Unsymmetric Bending Moment Applied About Principal Axis. Moment Arbitrarily Applied. Orientation of the Neutral Axis. Important Points SOLUTION Internal Moment Components. Section Properties. Bending Stress. Orientation of Neutral Axis. SOLUTION Internal Moment Components. Bending Stress. Orientation of Neutral Axis. Fundamental Problems Problems *6.6 Composite Beams *6.7 Reinforced Concrete Beams SOLUTION Section Properties. Normal Stress. SOLUTION Section Properties. Normal Stress. *6.8 Curved Beams Location of Neutral Axis. Bending Moment. Radial Stress. Limitations. SOLUTION Internal Moment. Section Properties. Normal Stress. 6.9 Stress Concentrations SOLUTION Problems *6.10 Inelastic Bending Linear Normal-Strain Distribution. Resultant Force Equals Zero. Resultant Moment. Plastic Moment. Residual Stress. Ultimate Moment. SOLUTION Maximum Elastic Moment. Plastic Moment. Shape Factor. SOLUTION SOLUTION I SOLUTION II SOLUTION Problems Chapter Review Conceptual Problems Review Problems Chapter 7 Transverse Shear Chapter Objectives 7.1 Shear in Straight Members 7.2 The Shear Formula Calculating Q.  Limitations on the Use of the Shear Formula.  SOLUTION Internal Shear.  Section Properties.  Shear Stress.  SOLUTION SOLUTION Preliminary Problems Fundamental Problems Problems 7.3 Shear Flow in Built-Up Members Fastener Spacing. SOLUTION Section Properties. Shear Flow. SOLUTION Internal Shear. Section Properties. Shear Flow. SOLUTION Case I. Case II. Fundamental Problems Problems 7.4 Shear Flow in Thin-Walled Members Shear Flow in Flanges. Shear Flow in Web. SOLUTION *7.5 Shear Center for Open Thin-Walled Members SOLUTION Shear-Flow Resultants. Shear Center. SOLUTION Problems Chapter Review Review Problems Chapter 8 Combined Loadings Chapter Objectives 8.1 Thin-Walled Pressure Vessels Cylindrical Vessels.  Spherical Vessels.  Limitations.  SOLUTION Cylindrical Pressure Vessel. Spherical Vessel. Problems 8.2 State of Stress Caused by Combined Loadings SOLUTION Internal Loadings.  Stress Components. Normal Force.  Bending Moment.  Superposition.  SOLUTION Internal Loadings. Stress Components. Circumferential Stress. Longitudinal Stress. SOLUTION Internal Loadings.  Stress Components at C. Normal Force. Shear Force. Bending Moment. Superposition. Stress Components at D. Normal Force. Shear Force. Bending Moment. Superposition. SOLUTION Internal Loadings. Stress Components. Normal Force. Bending Moment. Superposition. SOLUTION Internal Loadings. Stress Components. Shear Force.  Bending Moment.  Torque.  Superposition.  SOLUTION Part (a). Preliminary Problems Fundamental Problems Problems Chapter Review Conceptual Problems Review Problems Chapter 9 Stress Transformation Chapter Objectives 9.1 Plane-Stress Transformation SOLUTION Equilibrium.  9.2 General Equations of Plane-Stress Transformation Sign Convention.  Normal and Shear Stress Components.  SOLUTION Plane CD.  Plane BC.  9.3 Principal Stresses and Maximum In-Plane Shear Stress In-Plane Principal Stresses.  Maximum In-Plane Shear Stress.  SOLUTION Orientation of Element.  Principal Stress.  SOLUTION Orientation of Element.  Maximum In-Plane Shear Stress.  Average Normal Stress.  SOLUTION Maximum In-Plane Shear Stress.  Principal Stress.  SOLUTION Principal Stress.  Maximum In-Plane Shear Stress.  Preliminary Problems Fundamental Problems Problems 9.4 Mohr's Circle—Plane Stress SOLUTION Construction of the Circle.  Principal Stress.  SOLUTION Construction of the Circle.  Maximum In-Plane Shear Stress.  SOLUTION Construction of the Circle.  Stresses on 30° Element.  Fundamental Problems Problems 9.5 Absolute Maximum Shear Stress SOLUTION SOLUTION Principal Stresses. Absolute Maximum Shear Stress.  Problems Chapter Review Review Problems Chapter 10 Strain Transformation Chapter Objectives 10.1 Plane Strain 10.2 General Equations of Plane-Strain Transformation Sign Convention.  Normal and Shear Strains.  Principal Strains.  Maximum In-Plane Shear Strain.  SOLUTION SOLUTION Orientation of the Element.  Principal Strains.  SOLUTION Orientation of the Element.  Maximum In-Plane Shear Strain.  *10.3 Mohr’s Circle—Plane Strain SOLUTION Construction of the Circle.  Principal Strains.  SOLUTION Maximum In-Plane Shear Strain.  SOLUTION Construction of the Circle.  Strains on Inclined Element.  Problems *10.4 Absolute Maximum Shear Strain SOLUTION Maximum In-Plane Shear Strain. Absolute Maximum Shear Strain. 10.5 Strain Rosettes SOLUTION Problems 10.6 Material Property ­Relationships Generalized Hooke’s Law. Relationship Involving E, v, and G. Dilatation. Bulk Modulus. SOLUTION I SOLUTION II SOLUTION SOLUTION Dilatation.  Change in Length.  Problems *10.7 Theories of Failure Ductile Materials Brittle Materials SOLUTION Maximum Shear Stress Theory.  SOLUTION Problems Chapter Review Review Problems Chapter 11 Design of Beams and Shafts Chapter Objectives 11.1 Basis for Beam Design 11.2 Prismatic Beam Design Steel Sections. Wood Sections.  Built-up Sections.  SOLUTION Shear and Moment Diagrams. Bending Stress. Shear Stress. SOLUTION Shear and Moment Diagrams. Bending Stress. Shear Stress. SOLUTION Shear and Moment Diagrams. Bending Stress. Shear Stress. Nail Spacing. Fundamental Problems Problems *11.3 Fully Stressed Beams SOLUTION SOLUTION *11.4 Shaft Design SOLUTION Problems Chapter Review Review Problems Chapter 12 Deflection of Beams and Shafts Chapter Objectives 12.1 The Elastic Curve Moment–Curvature Relationship. 12.2 Slope and Displacement by Integration Boundary Conditions. Continuity Conditions. Sign Convention and Coordinates. SOLUTION Elastic Curve.  Moment Function.  Slope and Elastic Curve.  SOLUTION I Elastic Curve. Moment Function. Slope and Elastic Curve. SOLUTION II SOLUTION Elastic Curve.  Moment Function.  Slope and Elastic Curve.  SOLUTION Elastic Curve.  Moment Functions.  Slope and Elastic Curve.  Preliminary Problems Fundamental Problems Problems *12.3 Discontinuity Functions Discontinuity Functions.  Macaulay Functions.  Singularity Functions.  Application.  SOLUTION Elastic Curve.  Loading Function.  Slope and Elastic Curve.  SOLUTION Elastic Curve.  Loading Function.  Slope and Elastic Curve.  Problems *12.4 Slope and Displacement by the Moment-Area Method Theorem 1.  Theorem 2.  SOLUTION M/EI Diagram.  Elastic Curve.  Moment-Area Theorem.  SOLUTION M/EI Diagram.  Elastic Curve.  Moment-Area Theorem.  SOLUTION M/EI Diagram.  Elastic Curve.  Moment-Area Theorem.  SOLUTION M/EI Diagram.  Elastic Curve.  Moment-Area Theorems.  SOLUTION M/EI Diagram.  Elastic Curve.  Moment-Area Theorem.  SOLUTION M/EI Diagram.  Elastic Curve.  Moment-Area Theorem.  Fundamental Problems Problems 12.5 Method of Superposition SOLUTION SOLUTION SOLUTION SOLUTION Problems 12.6 Statically Indeterminate Beams and Shafts 12.7 Statically Indeterminate Beams and Shafts—Method of Integration SOLUTION Elastic Curve.  Moment Function.  Slope and Elastic Curve.  SOLUTION Elastic Curve.  Moment Function.  Slope and Elastic Curve.  Problems *12.8 Statically Indeterminate Beams and Shafts—Moment-Area Method Moment Diagrams Constructed by the Method of Superposition.  SOLUTION M/EI Diagram.  Elastic Curve.  Moment-Area Theorem.  Equations of Equilibrium.  SOLUTION M/EI Diagram.  Elastic Curve.  Equations of Equilibrium.  Problems 12.9 Statically Indeterminate Beams and Shafts—Method of Superposition SOLUTION I Principle of Superposition.  Compatibility Equation.  Load–Displacement Equations.  SOLUTION II Principle of Superposition.  SOLUTION Principle of Superposition.  Compatibility Equations.  Load–Displacement Equations.  SOLUTION Principle of Superposition.  Compatibility Equation.  Load–Displacement Equations.  Equilibrium Equations.  Fundamental Problems Problems Chapter Review Review Problems Chapter 13 Buckling of Columns Chapter Objectives 13.1 Critical Load 13.2 Ideal Column with Pin Supports SOLUTION 13.3 Columns Having Various Types of Supports Effective Length.  SOLUTION SOLUTION Fundamental Problems Problems *13.4 The Secant Formula Maximum Deflection.  The Secant Formula. Design. SOLUTION y–y Axis Buckling.  x–x Axis Yielding. *13.5 Inelastic Buckling SOLUTION Problems *13.6 Design of Columns for Concentric Loading Steel Columns.  Aluminum Columns.  Timber Columns.  SOLUTION SOLUTION SOLUTION SOLUTION Problems *13.7 Design of Columns for Eccentric Loading Use of Available Column Formulas.  Interaction Formula.  SOLUTION SOLUTION SOLUTION Problems Chapter Review Review Problems Chapter 14 Energy Methods Chapter Objectives 14.1 External Work and Strain Energy Work of a Force. Work of a Couple Moment. Strain Energy. Normal Stress. Shear Stress. Multiaxial Stress. 14.2 Elastic Strain Energy for Various Types of Loading Axial Load. SOLUTION Bolt A. Bolt B. Bending Moment. SOLUTION SOLUTION Transverse Shear. SOLUTION Torsional Moment. SOLUTION Problems 14.3 Conservation of Energy Truss. Beam. SOLUTION SOLUTION Problems 14.4 Impact Loading Falling Block.  Sliding Block.  General Problem.  SOLUTION Part (a).  Part (b).  SOLUTION I SOLUTION II SOLUTION Problems *14.5 Principle of Virtual Work Internal Virtual Work.  *14.6 Method of Virtual Forces Applied to Trusses Temperature Change.  Fabrication Errors.  SOLUTION Virtual Forces n.  Real Forces N.  Virtual-Work Equation.  SOLUTION Virtual Forces n.  Real Forces N.  Virtual-Work Equation.  Problems *14.7 Method of Virtual Forces Applied to Beams SOLUTION Virtual Moment m.  Real Moment M.  Virtual-Work Equation.  SOLUTION Virtual Moments mθ.  Real Moments M.  Virtual-Work Equation.  Problems *14.8 Castigliano’s Theorem *14.9 Castigliano’s Theorem Applied to Trusses SOLUTION External Force P.  Internal Forces N.  Castigliano’s Second Theorem.  Problems *14.10 Castigliano’s Theorem Applied to Beams SOLUTION External Force P.  Internal Moments M. Castigliano’s Second Theorem.  SOLUTION External Couple Moment M′.  Internal Moments M.  Castigliano’s Second Theorem.  Problems Chapter Review Review Problems Appendix A Geometric Properties of an Area A.1 Centroid of an Area Composite Areas.  SOLUTION I SOLUTION II SOLUTION III A.2 Moment of Inertia for an Area Parallel-Axis Theorem for an Area.  Composite Areas.  SOLUTION I SOLUTION II SOLUTION Rectangle A: Rectangle B: Rectangle D: A.3 Product of Inertia for an Area Parallel-Axis Theorem.  SOLUTION Rectangle A: Rectangle B: Rectangle D: A.4 Moments of Inertia for an Area about Inclined Axes Principal Moments of Inertia.  SOLUTION Appendix B Geometric Properties of Structural Shapes Appendix C Slopes and Deflections of Beams Solutions and Answers for Preliminary Problems Fundamental Problems Partial Solutions and Answers [Show More]

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