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ATI LEARNING SYSTEMS RN, PRACTICE A AND B

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ATI LEARNING SYSTEMS RN, PRACTICE A AND B Chapter 1: Sources of Nutrition ●Lactose is a form of sugar found in milk. ●Sucrose is table sugar found in fruits and vegetables ●Maltose is found in germinating cereals such as barley ●Fructose is found in honey and fruit. ●Foods high in fiber reduce lipase activity. ●RDA: defines the level of nutrient intake that meets needs of healthy people in various groups. ●DRI: include 4 nutrition based standards that are used to plan dietary intake and evaluate client nutritional status. ●Tolerable upper limits: levels of nutrients should not be exceeded to prevent adverse effects. ●If a patient has pernicious anemia, the client should be given Vitamin B12 supplements, as they are low in B12 due to the type of disorder. ●Ferrous sulfate is given if the client has iron deficiency anemia. ●Epoetin alfa is given to clients with anemia secondary to chemo. ●Folic acid will be given to the client who has folic acid anemia. ●Signs of protein calorie malnourishment: dry brittle hair, edema, poor wound healing, oGingivitis is a sign of vitamin C deficiency oSpoon-like nails are signs of iron deficiency. ●Edema occurs when there is an albumin level lower than 15, indicating there is not enough protein. ●For adequate wound healing, one will need protein, calories, water, vitamin C and A, iron and zinc. ●Protein is used for building and repairing body tissues ●If a client has a wound and is fed a low protein diet, their wound will not likely heal. ●Protein is found in muscles, tendons, collagen, skin hair and nails. ●Proteins can transport nutrients throughout the body such as fats and vitamins ADEK, albumin, and oxygen. ●Ketosis develops when the body relies on fats only to meet energy needs. Carbs prevent this ketosis by allowing you to use fat efficiently without ketones. ●Fats can regulate body temperature by providing protective layers when temperature drops. ●9 amino acids must be obtained by dietary intake ●Scurvy is caused by vitamin C deficiency and delayed wound healing. ●Vitamin A deficiency can cause night blindness ●Vitamin B3 deficiency can cause pellagra, or scaly rash on the skin, confusion, paranoid, and d. ●Vitamin D deficiency can cause osteoporosis, bowed legs, fractures, and malformed teeth. ●Carbs first for energy, then fat, then protein when all else is good. ●Protein breaks down amino acids, ●Glucose breaks down ammonia

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