BIOLOGY 115 Chapter 1 Milestone,100% CORRECT

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Which statement about active transport is true? • It involves the use of DNA. • It involves smaller molecules only. • It does not require transport proteins. • It requires ATP ... molecules. 2 Which of the following statements about enzymes is true? • Enzymes are single-use proteins that must be regenerated after each reaction. • Enzymes can only break down larger substances into smaller ones. • Enzymes are composed primarily of carbohydrates. • The function of an enzyme is to speed up chemical reactions that occur in your body. 3 Which of the following is a component of cell membranes and includes a hydrophilic head, a glycerol backbone and two fatty acid tails? • Nucleic acids • Fatty acids • Phospholipids • Triglycerides 4 What role do sensory receptors play in feedback loops to maintain homeostasis? • Reverse the effects of stimuli • Respond to stimuli • Detect stimuli • Interpret stimuli 5 Amy wonders if it takes her longer to get home from work when it's raining. Which of the following could be her observation? • "Based on many tests, I realize that it does indeed take me longer to get home from work on rainy days." • "I propose that it takes me longer to get home from work when it's raining." • "I notice that I get home from work later on rainy days." • "Does rain have an impact on the length of my evening commute?" 6 What is chromatin? • A form of uncondensed DNA found within the nucleus of the cell • A structure found within the nucleus that produces subunits of ribosomes • A condensed form of DNA that occurs when the cell is dividing • A cell organelle that houses the DNA and controls activity within the cell 7 Which of the following sources of information is most credible? • An article in the science section of a local newspaper • An article in a popular magazine • An article in a peer-reviewed journal • An article written for the school paper by a science teacher 8 What is a nucleotide? • An organelle found in eukaryotic cells that houses the DNA and controls activity within the cell • A component of DNA and RNA made up of sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogen base • A nucleic acid that produces protein in cells • A nucleic acid that contains all the genetic information of an organism 9 What is the cytosol? • A part of the plasma membrane between the two layers of phospholipids • The liquid found inside the cytoplasm that is mostly composed of water • A part of the cytoskeleton that helps anchor membrane proteins • The protein structure that provides support to the cell 10 Which of the following characteristics is shared by all organisms? • Cycles of consciousness and sleep • The ability to grow and reproduce • Being made up of multiple cells • Division into multiple sexes 11 Which of the following is carried out by vesicles? • Organizing organelles prior to division • Breaking down substances within the cell • Synthesizing proteins • Facilitated diffusion 12 What is true about the electron transport chain (ETC)? • ATP and water are products of the electron transport chain. • The electron transport chain produces the same number of ATP as the Krebs cycle. • The largest byproduct of the electron transport chain is carbon dioxide. • The electron transport chain takes place in the cytoplasm of the cell. 13 Which of the following is produced by the endoplasmic reticulum? • Nucleic acids • ATP • Carbohydrates • Lipids 14 Select the statement that is TRUE regarding metabolism. • In catabolism, complex carbohydrates are formed from smaller molecules. • In anabolism, complex carbohydrates are broken down into basic sugars. • In anabolism, complex carbohydrates are formed from smaller molecules. • In catabolism, monosaccharides are turned into polysaccharides. 15 What type of lipid is made up of a glycerol molecule and three fatty acid side chains? • Saturated fat • Triglyceride • Sterol • Phospholipid 16 Which of the following describes a disaccharide? • It has many sugar units. • It can have up to two sugar units. • It is also an oligosaccharide. • It has no sugar units. 17 What is true regarding phosphorylation? • It helps transfer energy from the glucose molecule to a molecule of ADP in order for glycolysis to be carried out. • It strips ATP of all of its phosphate groups. • It involves combining glucose molecules in order to be used as fuel for glycolysis. • It occurs when ATP donates one of its phosphate groups to a molecule of glucose during glycolysis. 18 Which of the following statements is true? • Diffusion involves the movement of molecules into or out of a cell. • Diffusion involves the movement of molecules using transport proteins. • Diffusion involves the movement of molecules in the cytoplasm. • Diffusion involves the breaking down of dead organelles. 19 At what level of protein structure do amino acid chains twist and fold? • Primary • Secondary • Quaternary • Tertiary 20 Which of the following is a function of the mitochondria? • To transfer genetic information to new cells • To digest unwanted materials • To produce energy rich molecules • To help transport material into the cell 21 How many turns of the Krebs cycle are required to break down one molecule of glucose? • Three • Four • One • Two 22 When solute concentration is equal inside and outside of a cell, it is __________. • hypertonic • isotonic • selectively permeable • hypotonic 23 Which of the following statements is true? • Eukaryotic cells don't have a nucleus but often have a flagella. • All cells are made up of smaller cells. • Prokaryotic cells don't have a nucleus, but they still have a plasma membrane that separates their DNA from their cytoplasm. • In all cells, the plasma membrane controls what enters and exits. 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