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PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY FINAL STUDY_ GUIDE

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PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY FINAL STUDY_ GUIDE Module 5a: Anxiolytics I GABA ● 2 inhibitory NTs: GABA & glycine ● GABA only manufactured by GABAergic neurons ● Synthesis: glutamate → GABA via gluta... mic acid decarboxylase (GAD) ● Drugs allylglycine, thiosemicarbazide & 3-mecaptoproprionic acid block GABA synthesis ○ → leads to convulsions ● GABA important in regulating brain excitability Vesicularization & Reuptake ● Vesicular GABA transporter (VGAT) = vesicular inhibitory AA transporter (VIAAT) ○ Also in neurons that use glycine as NT ● VMAT- DA, NE & 5-HT ● 3 reuptake transporters on membranes of neurons & glia: GAT-1,GAT-2, GAT-3 ○ GAT-1 & 2 expressed in neurons & astrocytes ○ GAT-3 only in astrocytes ○ GAT-1 @ nere terminals of GABAergic neurons- important for GABA reuptake ■ Tiagabine: selective GAT-1 inhibitor, elevates extracellular GABA & enhances GABA transmission (especially in cortex & hippocampus) ● Gabitril (tiagabine): used for treatment-resistant partial seizures ● Enzymatic breakdown of GABA: GABA→ succinate semialdehyde via GABA aminotransferase (GABA-T) ○ Glutamate is a by product (can be used to resynthesize GABA) ○ Some glutamate taken up by astrocyes → glutaminase (via glutamine synthetase)--> GABAergic neuron → glutamate (via glutaminase) ● Vigabatrin (sabril): irreversible inhibitor of GABA-T used to treat epilepsy ○ Prevents degradation of synaptic GABA ○ May lead to constriction of visual field b/c GABAergic neurons in retina [Show More]

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