True or False
Vitamins:
- cannot be made in the body
- noncaloric
- required in small amounts (mg and mcg) - ✔✔TRUE
Vitamins:
- cannot be made in the body
- noncaloric
- required in small amounts (mg and mcg)
Wh
...
True or False
Vitamins:
- cannot be made in the body
- noncaloric
- required in small amounts (mg and mcg) - ✔✔TRUE
Vitamins:
- cannot be made in the body
- noncaloric
- required in small amounts (mg and mcg)
What 3 forms can vitamin A take? - ✔✔- retinol (alcohol)
- retinal (aldehyde)
- retinoic acid (acid form from retinal)
What form of vitamin A is normally found in blood and tissues? - ✔✔Retinyl Palmitate
What form of vitamin A is found in plants? - ✔✔Previtamin A - carotenoid structure that includes the
carotenes and xanthophylls
- found in plants
- needs to be converted to active vitamin A
What is the most potent form of vitamin A? - ✔✔Beta caroteneWhere can retinyl esters be found? - ✔✔Animal Products *only*
Where can vitamin A be found? - ✔✔Fortified milk and milk products
Where can previtamin A carotenoids be found? - ✔✔Plant sources - orange and dark green vegetables
Vitamin A containing micelles form and traverse the enterocyte plasma membrane by what type of
diffusion? - ✔✔Passive Diffusion
What two things are needed in the digestion of vitamin A? - ✔✔Bile and Fat
Beta-carotene and other carotenoids can be converted to retinol by what means? - ✔✔Beta-carotene
and other carotenoids can be converted to retinol by cleavage of the central double bond
When beta-carotene is cleaved, how many molecules of retinal does it make? - ✔✔1 beta-carotene = 2
retinal
Retinyl, retinyl esters, and carotenoids are packaged into what and transported where? - ✔✔Retinyl,
retinyl esters, and carotenoids are packaged in *chylomicrons* and transported in the *lymphatic
system*.
Vitamin A and carotenoids are metabolized where and as what? - ✔✔Vitamin A and carotenoids are
metabolized in the liver as chylomicron remnants.
Retinoic acid is absorbed and transported to which organ bound to what protein? - ✔✔Retinoic acid is
absorbed and transported to the liver bound to albumin.
The liver stores 90% of which vitamin?
[Show More]