Infant assessment and development ans: ■ Proportional changes: weight, height, head, nervous system, chest
● Weight increases 6-8lbs, up to 20lbs in the 1st year of life
■ Posterior fontanelle closes by 2 months of lif
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Infant assessment and development ans: ■ Proportional changes: weight, height, head, nervous system, chest
● Weight increases 6-8lbs, up to 20lbs in the 1st year of life
■ Posterior fontanelle closes by 2 months of life
■ Eye alignment
● Some children get cross eyed at times, but usually resolve close to 4 months
■ Red reflex should be symmetrical
■ The abdominal muscles do not close until 3 years of life
■ For boys:
● Both testicles are descended by 6 months
● Note any hydrocele
■ For girls:
● Assess for labial adhesions
■ Musculoskeletal
● Leg fold symmetry
● Hip abduction
○ To make sure there are no hip clicks.
○ Barlow maneuver and Ortolani maneuver will assess for hip click
● Foot shape and flexibility
■ Skin: rashes
● Common - infantile eczema
● Lesions
● Bruising or burns
○ Mongolian spots are normal
■ Feeding difficulties
● Regurgitation and spitting-up
○ Acid reflux is prevalent d/t sphincters are not mature
○ Encourage parents to break up feeding after ~15mL. burp the child and then return to feeding
○ Spitting up can be large amount and it is normal for it to come out of the nose
● Colic
○ Common during newborn period, usually resolves by 6 months of life
Toddler development ans: ■ Toddler
● Weight gain 4-6lbs per year
● Height: 3 inches per year
● Visual acuity 20/40
● Brain growth is 75% completed
● Respiratory tract is rapidly developing closer to that of an adult, but still anatomically is much smaller.
● Immune system is weakened, increased risk for any kind of complications
● Measurements: height, weight, head circumference up until 2 years of age
● Physical exam
○ HEENT
■ Anterior fontanel - make sure it is getting smaller and closing
● It usually closes by 18 months - 2 years
■ Screen for strabismus
■ Look for tooth eruption and/or dental decay
● If by 18 months they do not have a first tooth eruption, order x-ray
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