GI disorders
• Dysphagia Difficulty swallowing
o Causes Nero disease: Parkinson’s, dementias, muscular dystrophy, Huntington’s, ALS, MN,
Guillain Barre Syndrome. Other: Congenital issues/cerebral palsy, Esophageal s
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GI disorders
• Dysphagia Difficulty swallowing
o Causes Nero disease: Parkinson’s, dementias, muscular dystrophy, Huntington’s, ALS, MN,
Guillain Barre Syndrome. Other: Congenital issues/cerebral palsy, Esophageal stenosis, esophageal diverticula, tumors, stroke, achalasia
• Vomiting – why and consequences Why: protect against substance, reverse peristalsis, increase intracranial pressure, severe pain. Consequences: lead to fluid, electrolyte, pH imbalance, aspiration
o Emesis types and why the emesis would be a problem Hematemesis: blood in vomit (protein),
Yellow/green: presence of bile. Deep brown: fecal matter. Undigested food
o Treatment of vomiting disorders Antiemetic med., fluid replacement, correct electrolyte imbalance, restore acid-base
• Esophageal disorders
o Hiatal hernia Stomach section protrudes through diaphragm
▪ Causes: Weakening of diaphragm muscle, trauma, congenital defects. Manifestation: Indigestion; heartburn; frequent belching; nausea; chest pain; strictures; dysphagia; and soft abdominal mass. diagnosis: H & P; barium swallow; upper GI Xrays; EGD, treatment: eat small meals, sleep elevated, antacid
o GERD
▪ Causes: Certain foods: chocolate, caffeine, carbonated beverages, citrus fruit, tomatoes, spicy or fatty foods, peppermint , Alcohol consumption; nicotine, Hiatal hernia, Obesity; pregnancy, Certain medications – such as corticosteroids; beta blockers; calcium-channel blockers; anticholinergics, NG intubation, Delayed gastric emptying
▪ Manifestations: Heartburn, Epigastric pain, Dysphagia, Dry cough, Laryngitis Pharyngitis, Food regurgitation, Sensation of lump in throat
▪ Diagnosis: H & P; barium swallow; EGD; esophageal pH monitoring
▪ Treatments: Avoid triggers; avoid restrictive clothing, Eat small frequent meals; high Fowler’s positioning, Weight loss; stress reduction; Antacids; acid reducing agent;
mucosal barrier agents, Herbal therapies (licorice, chamomile), Surgery
▪ Complications: Esophagitis;
CONTINUED........
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