Abnormal Psych - Quiz Answers (Chap 1-16),100% CORRECT

Chapter One 1.What makes defining abnormality difficult? 2. Most people with psychological disorders ________ What does the term etiology mean relative to psychological disorders? 4. Which of the following might ...

Chapter One 1.What makes defining abnormality difficult? 2. Most people with psychological disorders ________ What does the term etiology mean relative to psychological disorders? 4. Which of the following might work with mental health clients to help resolve family problems? 5. Which concept provides psychologists with a consistent naming system that can be used to organize and identify information in a helpful manner? 6. Why is a representative sample desirable? 7. What type of prevalence estimate tends to be the lowest? 8. In a study of the effects of ice cream on mood, the mood after ice cream exposure can be described as what? 9. What does it mean if a disorder is said to be highly prevalent? 10. Which of the following groups of Americans has the highest rates of severe mental illness? 11. Stereotyping is an example of the stigma of mental illness. It means _____ 12. Why are correlational research designs often used in abnormal psychology? 13. What does Scott’s case best illustrate? 14. _______ rates may be reported in terms of lifetimes risk of contracting a particular disorder. 15. In the field of abnormal psychology, what does DSM stand for? 16. Dr. Katz is researching the cause of all phobias. He puts an ad in a newspaper asking for only people who have an intense, distressing fear of snakes to come and participate in his study. The major problem with this is 17. The trend toward deinstitutionalization in recent years means that ______ 18. Mental health epidemiology is 19. Random assignment means _______ Chapter Two 1.The doctrine of the four humors ________ 2. The demise of moral management occurred for all of the following reasons except ________ 3. Which of the following contributed to the virtual absence of moral management by the nineteenth century? 4. Humanitarian treatment would be most typical of ________ . 5. The ancestral roots of what we now know as psychoanalysis can be traced back to ________ 6. According to your textbook, which mental disorder received the most attention from early scholars? 7. Johann Weyer, in the early 1500s, ________ . 8. What is Galen credited with? 9.The study of hypnosis and its relationship to hysteria was the starting point for ________ 10. Mesmer was a proponent of ________ 11. How did early treatment of mental patients in the United States compare to that offered in Europe? 12. The physicians of the Nancy School ________ 13. The work of Dorothea Dix has been criticized for ________ 14.What is lycanthropy? 15. Witmer is credited with ________ 16. There is some debate about whether Philippe Pinel ________ 17. Which of the following was a form of treatment that addressed a patient's social, individual, and occupational needs? 18. Prayer, incantations, and noise-making were all techniques for ________ 19. People in the Middle Ages ________ 20. Recent historical reviews of the literature indicate that the typical accused witch in the Middle Ages in Europe was ________ Chapter Three 1.From the cognitive-behavioral perspective, an important limitation with the behavioral perspective is that ________ 2. Etiology is ________ 3. A couple is in counseling. She states that she drinks because he rejects her. He states that he rejects her because she drinks. It appears that in this example of bidirectionality 4. Which statement about neural communication is accurate? 5. In order to develop chicken pox, one must be exposed to the virus that causes chicken pox. Note, however, that not everyone who is exposed to the virus is affected. In other words, the virus is a ________ 6. According to the text, which of the following has not been identified as a potential protective factor? 7. The interpersonal perspective ________ 8. George and Logan are brothers. They live in a small apartment in the city with some other relatives. Their family is extremely poor. Their father is hardest on George, the eldest, and sometimes physically abuses him. Which environmental factor is likely to be more important in the later adjustment of George and Logan? 9. In the diathesis-stress model, a stressor is ________ 10. Which of the following most accurately describes the notion of different viewpoints of abnormal behavior? 11. Finding meaning in life and dealing with death form core values in which of the following perspectives? 12. A(n) ________ serves to guide our processing of information and may serve to distort memories. 13. Neurotransmitters released into the synapse may be reuptaken into the axon endings from which they originated. One name for this process is ________ 14. Which of the following statements about brain dysfunction and psychiatric disorders is correct? 15. While having a gene for Parkinson's disease guarantees that Parkinson's disease will develop, this is not the only factor that can lead to Parkinson's disease. In other words, the presence of the gene is a ________, but not a ________. 16. Which perspective or viewpoint focuses on intrapsychic conflicts as the cause of psychopathology? 17. After cheating on her husband and feeling ashamed, Julia accused her husband of cheating. Such behavior is explained by which of the following defense mechanism? 18. Which method for studying genetic influences fails to control for the possible effect of sharing a common environment? 19. Which of the following perspectives focused upon social determinants of behavior? 20. Karen was sexually abused by her father at the age of 5. She developed a severe separation anxiety reaction whenever her mother tried to leave. As an adult, Karen developed a dissociative disorder due to the same abuse. This is an example of how the same factor, in this case abuse, can be ________ 21. According to Bowlby, _______ 22. A lack of social skills, poor school performance, and moodiness have all been associated with which of the following parenting styles 23. A diathesis can best be described as a ________ 24. Children raised in orphanages tend to have ________ 25. Which of the following is NOT a culture-bound syndrome? 26. Lasting negative effects of abuse on psychological functioning are most likely when the abuse occurs in ________ 27. What is the primary focus of the field of developmental psychopathology? 28. Learning not to do something because you are punished when you do it is an example of ________ 29. Suppose that the presence of a particular gene is a necessary cause for the occurrence of schizophrenia. Which of the following statements would be true? 30. Why is it difficult to determine the nature of the relationship between divorce and the psychological functioning of family members? 31. Down syndrome has been linked to ________ 32. Neural plasticity is ________ 33. The loss of a parent may be ________ 34. After being bitten by a dog, Jose finds that he feels afraid whenever he sees a dog. In classical conditioning terms, the dog can be described as a(n) ________ 35. Which of the following did Freud believe played a causal role in the development of most forms of psychopathology? 36. Which of the following explanations for the relationship between SES and abnormal behavior is not supported by the existing data? 37. Alicia developed a fear of spiders after being bitten by one. However, she has no problem looking at pictures of spiders. This is an example of 38. If a trait is highly heritable, it would be expected that the concordance rate for ________ 39. New perceptions and experiences tend to be worked into our existing schemas, even if the new information must be distorted to fit them. This process is called ________ 40. If fraternal (or dizygotic) twins are more likely to be concordant for a trait than other siblings, can it be concluded that the higher concordance rate is due to the greater degree of genetic relatedness? 41. Reuptake of neurotransmitters is the process by which neurotransmitters ________ 42. Schemas ________ psychologists say that a person shows resilience, it means ________ 44. Which of the following is a criticism of traditional psychoanalytic theory? 45. Abused infants and toddlers ________ 46. After being bitten by a dog, Jose finds that he feels afraid whenever he sees a dog. He goes for treatment, where he is gradually exposed to dogs, until he can be in the same room with a dog without feeling any fear. Three weeks later, while walking in his neighborhood, Jose hears a dog barking viciously. For a few weeks after this, his fear returns. This shows ________ 47. In its early days, the behavioral perspective was criticized for ________ 48. Suppose the reuptake of a specific neurotransmitter were deficient and the deactivation enzymes associated with the neurotransmitter were also deficient. What effect would this have? Chapter Four 1.Ed has suffered a head injury in a car accident. He is referred to a psychologist to see what types of impairment now exist and to get some suggestions for treatment. The best assessment strategy would be ________ 2. Several clinicians look at the TAT results of a hospitalized patient. The patient described the characters on the card as not speaking to each other. One clinician says this means the patient has a lot of unresolved anger. Another says it means the patient has a lot of social anxiety. The third says he thinks it means the patient is uninterested in people and prefers to be alone. This demonstrates the following problem with the TAT: ________ 3. What role does the social context play in assessment? 4. Which of the following would be an example of a projective technique? 5. Dr. Bruce says "Its beneficial features are the ability to map ongoing psychological activities of the brain without injecting radioactive substances into the patient's body. In addition, they are much more widely available procedures than what was used before." What is Dr. Bruce describing? 6. Psychological test results are often compared to each other to determine a midrange, or normal point. In order to accomplish this, test administration must be completely consistent from one person to the next. What is this process called? 7. There are two general categories of psychological tests used in clinical practice. They are ________ 8. The fMRI technique cannot currently be used as a diagnostic tool because ________ 9. The MMPI is ________ 10. Which of the following demonstrates reliability? 11. Intelligence and personality tests can best be described as ________ 12.In which of the following circumstances would a clinician be most likely to use self-monitoring? 13. One advantage of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) over the CAT scan is that the MRI ________ 14. The DSM acknowledges that ________ 15. Which of the following is an unstructured approach to studying personality? 16. The number of disorders has _______from earlier versions of the DSM to the DSM-5. 17. While the DSM is designed to be a categorical classification scheme, ________ 18. Which of the following statements about individually administered IQ tests is correct? 19. Which of the following statements about reliability and validity is true? 20. Which statement about the Rorschach is accurate? 21. In which of the following circumstances would a psychosocial assessment clearly need to be used? 22. A behaviorally oriented clinician tells her alcohol-dependent client: "Here is a checklist I want you to fill out each day. Whenever you feel you need a drink, you should indicate what you were thinking, where you were, who you were with, and whether you went ahead and drank." What procedure is the clinician using? 23. The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) has been used to assess all of the following except ________ 24. Psychological tests ________ 25. Which of the following would be used to reveal a dysrhythmia in brain activity? 26. Danielle is having problems with drinking. She goes to a psychologist who gives her a form to fill out. It has a list of statements about drinking and problems associated with drinking. She is to rate each item between 1 and 3 where 1 means it is not a problem for her, 3 means it is a very big problem for her, and 2 is in between. This is an example of ________ 27. A key feature of the MMPI-2 is that ________ 28. Which of the following is not a reason for using rating scales in clinical observation and self reports? 29. The need for rapport between a clinician and a client means ________ 30. The text presented the case study of Andrea C. The MMPI-2 computer-based report was typical of such reports because ________ 31. One of the problems with actuarial data for an instrument like the MMPI is that ________ 32. Shondra is in fourth grade and has been having trouble sitting still and remaining focused on her schoolwork. Her teacher speaks with her parents about this, and suggests they see a clinician for an assessment. What is one problem with the DSM system that would make her parents reluctant to send her for an assessment? 33. Which of the following best explains why the Rorschach is less likely to be used today? 34. A clinician sits down with an individual and conducts an assessment interview. The clinician arrives at a diagnosis of schizophrenia. While writing up the notes on this interview, the clinician is mindful of preferred terminology by mental health professionals. What is the preferred way to refer to the individual in the assessment? 35. What would determine whether the WISC-IV or the WAIS-IV is used to test intelligence? 36. Why is classification a necessary first step in developing an understanding about abnormal behavior? 37. Which of the following is a projective testing method that has been adapted for computer interpretation? 38. Symptoms are to signs as ________ is to ________. 39. Psychological assessment refers to the ________ 40. The use of standardized psychological tests ________ 41. Some psychological tests may not elicit valid information from a client who is part of a minority group. This may mean the psychological test has ________ 42. Which of the following statements regarding assessment is true? 43. Which of the following would best address recent criticisms of the TAT? 44. Dr. Vera says, "It may only provide a limited view of a person's problems, but it is important for planning appropriate treatment. Administratively, it is essential so that a facility can know what kinds of problems clients need help with. Even if we don't want to do it, insurance claims require it." What is Dr. Vera is referring to? 45. Dr. Hunter is studying personality. He decides that he will classify his subjects into varying levels of intensity on personality traits based on how far they statistically fall above the average score of a "normal person." He is using a ________ 46. Which of the following is a type of test that tries to find ways in which a person's personality and past experiences cause them to understand and perceive their world? 47. The aim of a projective test is to ________ 48. As in assessment, diagnostic interviews can be ________ 49. A clinician was in an assessment interview with a woman of Asian descent. The clinician realized there might be some cultural values and attitudes that could influence how questions were interpreted and answered. Which of the following would help the clinician obtain information about the potential impact of the woman's culture on her mental health care? 50. A clinician is in an assessment interview with a new client. The clinician is having trouble determining an exact diagnosis but must put something down before the client can receive treatment. What is one reason for this? 51. “Projective" and "objective" are two types of ________ tests. Chapter Five 1.Virtual reality exposure treatment for PTSD has been shown to _________ 2. Stress-inoculation training _________ 3.Which cytokine has been associated with depression and caring for family members with Alzheimer's disease? 4. People with heart disease are ____ times more likely than healthy people to be depressed. 5. Which of the following is the biological cascade that is activated with prolonged stress? 6. "Combat exhaustion" is known as ________ today. 7. What is the term for the biological cost of adapting to stress? 8. Short-term crisis therapy ________ 9. What is the name of the system that is designed to mobilize resources and prepare a fight-or-flight response? 10. Cortisol ________ 11. Which of the following factors is linked to a person's ability to cope better? 12. Which of the following terms refers to efforts to deal with stress? 13. What is Type D personality type? 14. Work-related stress in the form a highly demanding job combined with ________ can elevate risk of coronary heart disease. 15. The field of psychoneuroimmunology _______ 16. According to the text, a factor that does not make one stressor more serious than another includes________. 17. Having a history of psychological problems before going into combat _________ 18. In regards to stress research, a risk factor is ________ 19. It is believed that the incidence of combat exhaustion during WWII has been underestimated because _________ 20. Which of the following is a criticism of the life event, interview-based scales? 21. Feelings of control over stressors _________ 22. Prolonged stress leads to suppression of the immune system. What might explain the evolution of such a seemingly flawed reaction? 23. Which was not an effective treatment for stress-related disorders, according to your text? 24. Crisis is ________ 25. According to your textbook, which of the following is most stressful to people and animals? 26. The Life Event and Difficulty Schedule ________ . 27. What is not a key factor in making a stressor more serious? 28. Clyde is unmarried and has few friends. Why is he at greater risk for developing coronary heart disease than the general population? 29. Stress slows the healing of wounds by as much as ___ to ___ percent. 30. According to your textbook, which of the following is a factor that increases resilience? 31. Which of the following can cause stress-induced immunosuppression? 32. What is a risk factor? 33. A main symptom of PTSD in DSM-5 is _________ 34. Arielle was in a terrible car accident in which several people were killed. A few weeks later, she began to talk about what happened. She told the story to anyone who would listen. This seems to be _________ 35. What do positive and negative stressors have in common? 36. Which of the following statements about stress is correct? 37. Sudden cardiac death is ______ times higher in men with high levels of anxiety. 38. What is considered the "front line" of immune system defense? 39. I often find that when I am ill, I am not able to cope effectively with the normal hassles of life. I find myself becoming irritated by things that I would usually be able to ignore. Which of the following would explain this phenomenon? 40. Selye ________ 41. Stress-inoculation training ________ 42. A client is administered the Social Readjustment Rating Scale. Which of the following would be measured? 43. Which of the following psychological disturbances does not occur in response to an identifiable experience? Chapter Six 1.If a pharmaceutical company were looking for a drug that would maximally treat generalized anxiety disorder they would want one that ________ . 2. One of the main functions that worry seems to serve in generalized anxiety disorder is ________ 3. Which of the following provides a unique challenge when trying to eliminate the obsessions seen in OCD? 4. People with body dysmorphic disorder ________ 5. Panic disorders are often misdiagnosed because ________ . 6. Nicole's mother is terribly afraid of snakes. Although Nicole has never actually seen a snake, her mother has told her time and again to be careful to look for them when she is walking. Now Nicole has an intense fear of snakes and refuses to walk in the grass. This is an example of ________ 7. Evolutionary preparedness explains ________ 8. An evolutionary psychologist might say, "The unique physiological response in this disorder, involving fainting at the sight of the feared object, may have evolved because fainting might inhibit further attack from a predator." What disorder is being discussed? 9. Most first panic attacks ________ 10. Kayla has just started college and wants to make friends. She refuses to go to large parties because she is afraid that she will blush and sweat, and that other people will laugh at her. She is fine when talking to people in one-on-one settings. Kayla's most likely diagnosis is ________ 11. Which of the following is a typical symptom of panic attacks? 12. Which of the following would be an example of anxiety? 13. It is fairly easy to condition monkeys and humans to fear snakes but almost impossible to condition either to fear a flower. This supports the ________ theory of phobias. 14. Quentin is seeking medication to treat his panic disorder. Due to Quentin's history of substance abuse, his doctor hesitates. After some consideration, the doctor is most likely to write Quentin a prescription for a ________, confident that abuse won't be an issue. 15. DSM-III classification, which omitted the concept of neurosis, was an improvement because ________ 16. Compulsive hair pulling is also referred to as ________ 17. Tara believes that it is extremely important to be clean. She cleans her kitchen and bathroom daily and the rest of the house at least once every few days. She uses antibacterial soap and sterile water to clean. She says she wants people to be able to eat off her floors. Tara is very proud of her house and the way she keeps it. She ________ 18. Which of the following explanations for Diana's scissors phobia would Freud be most likely to offer? 19. As discussed in your text, much evidence now suggests a number of biological causal factors in obsessive-compulsive disorder including ________ 20. Mark feels the need to tap everything within his arms reach twice. He doesn't have any particular thoughts associated with this, he just becomes anxious if he doesn't do it, because "something bad might happen." Mark ________ 21. Some things seem to be consistent across all the different forms that obsessive-compulsive disorder takes. These include ________ 22. When Charissa was a young child, she stepped on a bee and was stung. Since that time, she has been terrified of flying insects and runs away if she sees any. What form of learning is this? 23. According to the behavioral viewpoint, compulsions are repeated because ________ 24. When do phobias like claustrophobia and driving phobia begin? 25. When Kenneth was a young boy he went to a dentist who treated him uncaringly and inflicted a good deal of pain. Even years later, he has an uncontrollable and intense fear of not only dentists but physicians, too. This best illustrates how phobias might be the result of ________ 26. Virtual reality environments ________ 27. Which of the following provides evidence against a role for inherited factors in the development of phobias? 28. Anxiety disorders ________ 29. Fear of standing in line and fear of crowded places are characteristic of which of the following? 30. Neuroticism is ________ 31. Studies of preparedness and social phobia ________ 32. Social phobia ________ 33. Which of the following is a common type of obsession seen in OCD? 34. Cognitive approaches to social phobia focus on ________ 35. Thought-action fusion is ________ 36. ________ was once thought to be a fear of crowded places, but now is seen as a complication of having panic attacks in public. 37. Which of the following is a true statement about Mowrer's two-process theory of avoidance learning? 38. Research using panic provocation procedures has revealed ________ 39. Lauren is phobic of birds. Her therapist shows her how to approach a bird in a cage. The therapist then takes the bird out, pets it and feeds it. She then encourages Lauren to do the same behaviors. This type of procedure is called ________ 40. It is fairly easy to condition monkeys and humans to fear snakes but almost impossible to condition either to fear a flower. This supports the ________ theory of phobias. 41. The cognitive model does not account for ________ 42. What has research on the preparedness theory of phobias found? 43. High levels of anxiety sensitivity ________ 44. The main way to tell someone is having a panic attack rather than just in a state of fear is ________ 45. From an evolutionary perspective, what concept explains the easy acquisition of a fear of spiders or snakes? 46. Research on the role of genetics in the development of OCD suggests that ________ 47. Body dysmorphic disorder in DSM-IV used to be classified as a(n) ________ 48. Which of the following illustrates how cognitive variables may act to maintain acquired fears? 49. Individuals with social phobia are likely to ________ 50. One of the main problems with the worry in generalized anxiety disorders is ________ Chapter Nine Quiz Gastric bypass surgery makes it ________ Which statement best describes trends in actual and ideal weight in American young women? Set-point theory about weight suggests that ________ Which of the following complicates the study of personality traits and eating disorders? Which of the following is not a condition found in the DSM? What neurotransmitter seems to be involved in both eating disorders and depression? Research suggests that ________ provides the best immediate and long-term outcomes in the treatment of bulimia nervosa. Cindy is 5 feet 6 inches tall and weighs 92 pounds. She is very concerned about her weight. However, at times she finds herself eating large amounts of food-several boxes of cookies, gallons of ice cream, entire cakes-all in an evening. Afterwards, she makes herself throw up. Cindy's most likely diagnosis is Which of the following best explains why cognitive-behavioral therapy is a logical approach to the treatment of eating disorders? Which of the following is a danger associated with obesity? Which of the following do those with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa have in common? Families of people with anorexia ________ Binge-eating disorder ________ . According to set-point theory ________ Leptin is a hormone that _______ The text presented the case of Catherine, a woman with bulimia nervosa. She is typical of such individuals because she ________ Which of the following factors is associated with an increased risk for obesity? In addition to altering the eating patterns of clients with binge eating disorder, therapists using cognitive-behavioral therapy will also ________ Which of the following is a potential consequence of anorexia nervosa? With all else being held equal, which of the following individuals is most likely to be found guilty in a jury trial? Chapter Ten Involvement in an abusive relationship (as the one who is abused) would be most expected of the individual with ________ personality disorder. The individual with ________ personality disorder is likely to be described as rigid and cold. Which basic personality traits from the five-factor model seem most important in the development of borderline personality disorder Avoidant personality disorder is extremely similar to and hard to distinguish from ________ Which of the following is a factor that complicates determining the causes of personality disorders? People find Adam difficult to be around. His behavior is unpredictable and erratic but most often is annoying to others. He doesn't seem to learn from his bad experiences, instead he keeps repeating the same mistakes over and over. His family says Adam has been like this since at least junior high school. Adam most likely has ________ Early criminal behavior is most characteristic of ________ Which basic personality traits from the five-factor model seem most important in the development of avoidant personality disorder? Luisa is a lively and emotional graduate student. She dresses provocatively and behaves in a very seductive manner with her male professors. She has had a long string of short-lived, stormy romances. Luisa is most likely to have a diagnosis of ________ What is the main difference between Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) and Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD)? . Which of the following is most typical of the interpersonal attitudes and behaviors of someone with borderline personality disorder? There is a general agreement among researchers that personality ________ Which basic personality traits from the five-factor model seem most important in the development of paranoid personality disorder? Tom tells you that he can make his roommate take out the trash by simply thinking about his roommate doing it. He agrees with you that this could sometimes just be a coincidence, but he seems to truly believe he can sometimes get people to do things just by thinking about it. You find him understandable when he talks, but sometimes hard to follow. His clothes are messy and don't match. Tom tells you not to tell anyone about his power, because he knows that other people don't like him because they are jealous and they would hurt him if they could. The best diagnosis for Tom is ________ According to the chapter, which of the following statements is correct? The best description of the biological component of personality disorders is ________ What core belief might explain the behavior of the individual with dependent personality disorder? Children with an early history of ________ are most likely to later develop antisocial personality disorder. People who lack self-confidence despite good skills, who panic at the possibility of being separated from their spouse, and remain in abusive relationships have many of the symptoms of ________ personality disorder. Which personality disorder may be disproportionally diagnosed in only one gender, based on the influence of some form of sex bias Which statement about personality disorders is accurate? Individuals with personality disorders ________ Impulsivity and extreme instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and mood best characterize ________ Which of the following personality disorders is most likely to be mistaken for schizophrenia? Unlike the person with paranoid schizophrenia, the person with paranoid personality disorder ________ Lori is vain and self-centered. When she goes out, it is not at all uncommon for her to do things that ensure she is the center of attention. Her close friends describe her as a "drama queen." Assuming that her behavior is sufficient to warrant a diagnosis, which of the following personality disorders is she most likely to be diagnosed with? Sam shows little emotion and is a loner. He has no social relationships, other than his family, and he seems to experience little pleasure, if any. What personality disorder might Sam have? Transient psychotic and dissociative experiences can occur in ________ personality disorder. Which of the following best explains why it is such a challenge to treat personality disorders? Which personality disorder is highly comorbid with borderline, antisocial, narcissistic, and dependent personality disorders diagnoses, and was recommended for removal from DSM-5? While the individual with ________ personality disorder appears cool and aloof, the individual with ________ personality disorder is best described as odd. Which of the following is most typical of the interpersonal attitudes and behaviors of someone with histrionic personality disorder? People who lack self-confidence despite good skills, who panic at the possibility of being separated from their spouse, and remain in abusive relationships have many of the symptoms of ________ personality disorder. The research on the association between borderline personality disorder and childhood sexual abuse ________ In research studies, in addition to failing to learn to avoid punishment, psychopaths ________ Thought and speech oddities comparable to those seen in schizophrenia have been documented in ________ personality disorder Since there are substantial problems with reliability and validity of the diagnoses of personality disorders, ________ Early criminal behavior is most characteristic of ________ Loretta has a long history of first idealizing men and then feeling they have abandoned her. Feelings of emptiness change into reckless acts of sexual promiscuity, gambling, and suicide attempts. She feels that she has never had a sense of self. Loretta probably has ________ personality disorder. Which of the following personality disorders is more common in Western cultures? Personality disorders can be misdiagnosed more easily than other categories of disorder in part because ________ Individuals with schizoid and paranoid personality disorders differ significantly in their ________ Some people always think that everyone is looking at them and talking about them, wishing to be like them. This self-focused view of the world would be expected in someone with ________ personality disorder. According to the chapter, which of the following statements is correct? The presence of psychopathy ________ Within a dimensional approach, disordered personality traits are seen as ________ normal personality traits. Which of the following core dysfunctional beliefs might explain the development of histrionic personality disorder? Which of the following seems to have the most impact in decreasing criminal activities among people with psychopathy and antisocial personality disorder? In contrast to schizoid individuals, those with avoidant personality disorder ________ What do all of the Cluster A disorders have in common? A significant portion of the individuals with borderline personality disorder also qualify for a diagnosis of ________ at some time. Self-mutilation, such as is seen in borderline personality disorder, is ________ The histrionic seeks ________, while the narcissist needs ________. Antisocial personality disorder differs from psychopathy in that antisocial personality disorder ________ The finding that temperament may play a role in the etiology of personality disorders suggests that ________ Chapter Eleven 1.One limitation on the findings of genetic influences on alcoholism is that ________ 2. More positive outcomes have been reported when ____________ for gambling disorder. 3.The abstinence violation effect is ________ 4.Unlike psychoactive substance abuse, psychoactive substance dependence usually involves ________ 5.Alcohol withdrawal delirium ________ 6. Which of the following has legitimate medical uses, but is associated with both physiological and psychological dependence and lethal overdoses? 7. Barbiturate withdrawal ________ 8. What is the role of the mesocorticolimbic dopamine pathway (MCLP)? 9. The use of methadone in the treatment of heroin dependence is comparable to ________ 10. Studies of the genetics of alcoholism ________ 11. Which of the following behaviors is indicative of a gambling disorder? 12. Opium and its derivatives ________ 13. Men who are at high risk for becoming alcoholics ________ 14. Which of the following statements about alcohol problems is accurate? 15. When John stopped drinking after his last week-long binge, he became very ill. He was disoriented, hallucinating, and paranoid. John seems to be experiencing ________ 16. Randy has been dependent on alcohol for at least 10 years. Drinking has ruined his marriage, his occupational standing, and his health. If a friend told Randy that he needed to enter treatment, and Randy responded the way most alcohol dependent people do, he would probably say ________ 17. Aversive conditioning therapy for alcoholics ________ 18. Binge drinking in college ________ 19. James has two alcoholic parents. Research suggests that his risk for alcoholism is ________ 20. Which of the following is a common personality characteristic of those who later abuse alcohol? 21. The main reason addicts gave for beginning to use heroin was ________ 22. Which parenting skill or parental behavior is most associated with adolescent substance use? 23. What type of treatment focuses primarily on clients learning to recognize situations that are likely to trigger drinking? 24. In 2011, which of the following accounted for approximately 20 percent of all drug-related emergency room admissions? 25. Bill is an alcoholic. His wife, Marge, has a lot of ready excuses she uses to explain his frequent absences to his boss, their friends, and their children. This is an example of ________ 26. The tension-reduction model of alcoholism ________ 27. The occurrence of withdrawal symptoms ________ 28. Which of the following men has an alcohol-risk personality? 29. Which of the following people is most likely to be dependent on barbiturates? 30. Alcohol's effect on ________ explains its ability to impair judgment 31. Passing out from a high blood level of alcohol ________ 32. What evidence is there that the legal definition of alcohol intoxication (a blood alcohol content of 0.08) should be changed? 33.Which statement about crack cocaine use is accurate? 34. Which type of treatment for alcoholism has been found to be most effective? 35. Which statement about Project MATCH is accurate? 36. Which of the following statements is true about alcohol use? 37. Which of the following is a diagnosis found in the DSM-5? 38. The reciprocal influence model is best described as a ________ explanation for teen drinking. 39. The reciprocal influence model of alcohol use suggests that ________ Chapter Thirteen 1.Schizophrenia occurs in about ________ of the general population. 2. Individuals with delusional disorder differ from those with schizophrenia in that ________ 3. Adopted children who were at high risk for schizophrenia and who were raised in healthy families, ________ 4. Which of the following is most likely seen in an individual with paranoid schizophrenia? 5. Which of the following could be described as "short-term" schizophrenia? 6. "Familial" does not mean the same thing as "genetic" because ________ 7. What is the value of research that monitors children at high risk for schizophrenia for a long time? 8. The fact that a significant number of monozygotic twins share the same placenta, while no dizygotic twins do, suggests that ________ 9. Which of the following has been found to lead to an increased risk of developing schizophrenia? 10. The region of the brain known as the ________ (MHC) plays an important role in brain development and neuronal function. 11. Social-skills training for people with schizophrenia ___ 12. Neuroimaging studies of hallucinating patients suggest that auditory hallucinations ________ 13. The term "demenceprecoce" was used by Benedict Morel to describe schizophrenia and to also explain the ________ . 14. "My father and I swiggered to the beach yesterday." This is an example of a ________ 15. When Bleuler coined the term "schizophrenia," the kind of split he believed was central to the disorder was ________ 16. Sterling believes that the TV special that was on last night was shown to tell her that she should break up with her boyfriend. She is absolutely certain this is true and plans to do it. This type of belief is an example of a ________ 17. Which of the following is an example of a negative symptom? 18. The individual diagnosed with schizophreniform disorder ________ 19. ________ is an anesthetic that is safe for use in animals and children but not in adults because it can cause schizophrenia-like positive and negative symptoms. 20. Ursula has been diagnosed with schizophrenia. If PET scans were done to measure her brain's activity, which area would probably be underactive? 21. There is some debate as to whether ________ is a variant of schizophrenia or a form of mood disorder. 22. Which of the following is an environmental influence from the family that can influence a susceptible person's tendency to develop schizophrenia? 23. Which of the following is a plausible explanation for how maternal influenza might lead to schizophrenia later in life? 24. According to the diathesis-stress perspective, being at genetic risk ____ 25. The latest research has demonstrated how many genetic loci associated with the presence of schizophrenia? 26. Based on current research, which statement can be justified? 27. What is a methodological flaw in studies of cannabis use and schizophrenia? 28. What is the major difference between a diagnosis of schizophrenia and schizophreniform disorder? 29. Which of the following people has the highest risk of developing schizophrenia? 30. How common are delusions in schizophrenia? 31. Kraepelin's use of the term "dementia praecox," referred to ________ 32. What are endophenotypes? 33. The majority of cases of schizophrenia begin in ________ 34. There is a new trend to focus on dopamine receptor sensitivity rather than on dopamine itself because ________ 35. Hallucinations are ________ . 36. Patients with schizophrenia who receive ________ are less likely to relapse or be readmitted to the hospital than those receiving the standard treatment only. 37. Adoption studies are typically used ________ 38. What is attenuated psychoses syndrome? 39. People with schizophrenia often show poor performance on tasks like the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task, which is thought to indicate a dysfunction of the ________ 40. Aberrant salience means that ________ 41. Studies of adopted children who were at high-risk for developing schizophrenia found that which of the following appeared to increase the likelihood that these children would show high levels of thought disorders? 42. DeJuan sometimes stands in the same strange posture for hours without moving or talking. This type of disorganized behavior is a symptom of _________ 43. Which of the following could be described as "short-term" schizophrenia? 44. Compared to his nonschizophrenic identical twin, Matthew (who is schizophrenic) is more likely to ________ 45. For every three men diagnosed with schizophrenia, only two women are. Which of the following reasons might explain this? 46. Very recent research suggests that having a lower IQ may itself be an independent 47. The Finnish Adoptive Family Study of Schizophrenia determined that ________ 48. The Danish adoption studies have been criticized for ________ 49. First-generation antipsychotics ________ 50. Which of the following statements is correct about changes for the diagnosis of schizophrenia in the DSM-5? Chapter 16 1.The newer antianxiety drug Buspar has the advantage that ________ 2. Joan was surprised that, when she went to therapy, her therapist didn't ask her questions, but just listened to her talk. She said she felt very comfortable with the therapist and felt she could say anything at all and be accepted, unlike with her critical parents. She said she could try out new ideas and the therapist was always warm and nonjudgmental. Joan was probably in ________ 3. Which of the following is the most significant challenge to establishing that therapy is effective? 4. Antidepressants are used to treat all of the following except ________ 5. Drugs that block dopamine receptors are most likely to be used to ________ 6. The term "psychoactive" means "_________." 7. What is usually used as a placebo in a study of psychosocial treatments? 8. The use of drugs that have noxious effects and viewing movies that elicit disgust are both techniques associated with ________ 9. Dr. Hart says, "For me, the goal of treatment is not to uncover inner conflicts, but to help the client achieve adaptive responses that he or she can control and maintain through self-monitoring." Dr. Hart probably considers herself to be a ________ therapist. 10. According to a recent meta-analysis of 40 years of data on cognitive-behavioral therapy, _________ 11. Tricyclic antidepressant medications were discovered during a search for a treatment for ________ 12. Which type of mental health professional is able to prescribe psychoactive medications in every state? 13. What recent changes have altered the types of therapy that are available? 14. According to rational-emotive behavior therapy, which of the following is one of the irrational beliefs at the core of psychological maladjustment? 15. A major advantage of the atypical antipsychotic drugs is that ________ 16. Which of the following is a disadvantage of psychotherapy? 17. How has psychodynamic therapy changed over time? 18. One reason the use of lithium in the United States was delayed as a treatment for bipolar disorder was due to ________ 19. Research on the impact of matching the client's race and ethnicity with the therapist's indicates that ________ 20. Punishment is a component of ________ 21. A good example of psychotherapy being used as a guardian of the status quo ________ 22. Lithium was once used ________ 23. Prozac is a ________ 24. What two professional groups deal extensively with emotional problems but typically do not have specific training in counseling? 25. Which of the following is a key element of the therapeutic relationship? 26. In Keller's research study of depressed patients, more patients did well in the _________ condition than in the __________ condition, but the _________ was clearly the most effective 27. Psychodynamic interpersonally oriented therapies agree with classical psychoanalysis in the importance of ________ 28. Which of the following is a type of "classical antidepressant"? 29. Therapy outcome studies depend on ratings of the changes seen in clients. One reason that therapists' ratings may be unreliable is because ________ 30. Which of the following is a criticism of humanistic-experiential therapies? 31. A psychotherapist says to her client, "Say whatever comes to your mind, no matter how strange or painful it may seem." The psychotherapist is encouraging ________ 32. Which of the following statements about therapy is true? 33. Which of the following is an advantage of behavior therapy? 34. Individuals vary tremendously in their degree of motivation for psychological treatment. Who is likely to be the most motivated? 35. Which of the following would be the most likely candidate for ECT? 36. A Nobel Prize winning treatment for schizophrenia was ________ 37. Jack tells his therapist about a dream in which he struggles to drive a car that takes him in directions he does not want to go. The therapist interprets the dream to mean that Jack is trying to get control of his career future but feels he is being controlled by others. This suggests that the ________ 38. The main use of lithium is for ________ 39. A son of a critical father comes to therapy one day and with no provocation is extremely hostile in his remarks to the therapist. The therapist might consider that ________ is occurring. 40. Psychotherapy is best viewed as ________ 41. Dr. Lucas says to a client with anxiety disorders, "It is your unrealistic beliefs and perfectionistic values that cause you to be so anxious, not the events of your life." Dr. Lucas probably supports the assumptions of ________ therapy. 42. Today, neurosurgery for psychological disorders is ________ 43. While ________ can be used in treatment, it also a means by which problematic behaviors are acquired when others' behavior is problematic. 44. To summarize what is known about psychotherapy effectiveness, we can say that ________ 45. For bipolar patients, the risk of relapse after discontinuing lithium is ________ 46. Dr. Patel says this about his goals in therapy: "I want my patients to become aware of their repressed memories from childhood and come to terms with them in the light of adult realities." Dr. Patel most likely prefers ________ therapy. 47. A doctor prescribing lithium should never say ________ 48. Key ideas in Gestalt therapy are ________ 49. What has research on the use of a combined approach to the treatment of mental disorders demonstrated? 50. A sexual relationship between a therapist and a patient is ___________ 51. Traditional behavioral couples therapy ________ Chapter Fifteen 1.The incidence of Down syndrome increases ________ 2. After her parents' divorce, Julia began wetting the bed. She wets the bed almost nightly and is embarrassed about it in the morning. What disorder would this 7-year-old be diagnosed with? 3. The cohesive family model is a treatment strategy for the child with conduct disorder that ________ 4. Tics are ________ that may go unnoticed by the person doing it. 5. What complicates the diagnosis of maladaptive behavior in childhood? 6. Throughout his young life, Quincy, age 7, rarely wakes up in the morning to a dry bed. Quincy would be diagnosed as having ________ 7. Children with ADHD that have symptoms of hyperactivity are usually ________ 8. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is ________ 9. What is a negative aspect of using stimulant medications for ADHD treatment? 10. Children with ________ are deficient at locating and orienting to sounds in their environment 11. Which of the following is not listed in the DSM-5 under elimination disorders? 12. How many of the 15 symptoms of conduct disorder must be present to justify a diagnosis of CD? 13. Which of the following is a true statement about autism spectrum disorder? 14. What was the greatest problem that emerged when a classification system for childhood disorders was being developed? 15. ADHD is characterized by a persistent pattern of difficulties ________ 16. One of the most important factors in the treatment of children and adolescents is ________ 17. Girls with conduct disorder ________ 18. Of the several environmental influences listed in the chapter which make children vulnerable to psychological problems, which one can also protect children from these problems? 19. Which of the following would be most distressing to a child with autism? 20. William is an autistic child. He is probably ________ 21. Some of the same genes that have been linked with an increased risk of ________ also increase the risk of ADHD, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and depression. 22. The most widely known and studied learning disorder is ________ 23. Studies into whether depressed parents negatively affect their infants showed that ________ 24. The term "juvenile delinquent" is ________ 25. For children with mild intellectual disabilities, the best approach to education is likely to be ________ 26. One effect of Ritalin as a treatment for ADHD is that it ________ 27. Prenatal exposure to _______ is related to depression in children. 28. Which ADHD medication is a combination of amphetamine and dextroamphetamine? 29. IQ scores have an average of 100 and a standard deviation of 15. A person with a mild intellectual disability will probably score in the _______ range. 30. ADHD is characterized by a persistent pattern of difficulties ________ 31. An asymmetry in brain development has been hypothesized to be a cause of ________ 32. Which of the following is a possible explanation for the seeming lack of emotion in autistic children? 33. What is the advantage of using Pemoline to treat attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder instead of Ritalin? 34. For a baby to inherit PKU, ________. 35. What has been found to be the most effective approach to the treatment of enuresis? 36. Functional enuresis is found in ________ of children age 15 or older. 37. The parenting in families of children with conduct disorders typically involves ________ 38. The evidence suggests that medications for ADHD ________ 39. ________ attempt to help children or others receive services that they need but often are unable to obtain for themselves. 40. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is ________ 41. When symptoms of intellectual disability are not apparent until after age 17, ________ 42. We are likely to find that many of the children with autistic disorder ________ 43. What is a negative aspect of using stimulant medications for ADHD treatment? 44. A learning disability usually is identified ________ 45. Jenny has an IQ in the average range. However, at school she is doing very poorly. She has consistently scored at two or more grade levels below the grade she is actually in. From this, a diagnostician would hypothesize that Jenny most likely ________ 46. Children with ________ are deficient at locating and orienting to sounds in their environment. 47. Artiss developed conduct disorder early. Bertram developed conduct disorder late. This suggests that _______ 48. A controlled study of family history and onset of depression found that children from mood-disordered families had ________ those from nondisordered families. 49. Microcephaly and macrocephaly have what in common? 50. Which of the following correctly represents one of the four areas where the law allows for treatment of child or adolescent without parental consent? 51. Among children, the most commonly diagnosed disorders are _______ 52. Research on the effectiveness of antidepressants for the treatment of childhood depression has found ________ 53. Genetic factors are ________ of intellectual disability.