BIOS 242 week 8 final Exam (RATED A) Questions and Answer solutions | 100% Guaranteed Pass

Week 8: Final Exam - Requires Respondus LockDown Browser + Webcam • Due Apr 21 at 1:59am • Points 230 • Questions 68 • Available Apr 20 at 6pm - Apr 21 at 1:59am about 8 hours • Time Limit 120 Minute ...

Week 8: Final Exam - Requires Respondus LockDown Browser + Webcam • Due Apr 21 at 1:59am • Points 230 • Questions 68 • Available Apr 20 at 6pm - Apr 21 at 1:59am about 8 hours • Time Limit 120 Minutes • Requires Respondus LockDown Browser Instructions Required Resources Read/review the following resources for this activity: • Chapters 1-16, 18-23 • Lesson 1-8 Instructions: The maximum time you can spend in the exam is 2 hours. If you have not clicked the "Submit quiz" button by then, you will be exited from the exam automatically. Your answers will be auto-saved as you complete each question. This helps prevent connection timeouts that might occur with certain Internet service providers, and it also minimizes lost answers in the event of connection problems. If your Internet connection does break, when you reconnect you will normally be able to get back into your quiz without any trouble. Just click on the "Resume quiz" button to continue. Remember, though, that the quiz timer continues to run while you are disconnected, so you should try to log in again as quickly as possible. The Help Desk cannot grant any student additional time on the quiz —students must contact the instructor. After the quiz is graded and returned to you, the quiz score and the instructor's feedback will be available; please contact your instructor if you would like to discuss your results. Please be aware that the quiz questions, responses, and solutions will not be available once the quiz is submitted. Take the quiz for this week. • Question Type(s): Multiple Choice, Fill in the Blank, Select All That Apply, & Essay • Time Limit: 120 minutes Question 1 3 / 3 pts (CO 1) Which of the following scientist disapproved the theory of spontaneous genertion Robert Hooke Theodor Schwann Correct! Louis Pasteur Aristotle Antonie van Leeuwenhoek Question 2 3 / 3 pts (CO 1) Which of the following pairs of career descriptions and work tasks is not correctly matched? Correct! Industrial microbiologist -- manipulate bacterial strains to be less pathogenic Agricultural microbiologist -- identify bacterial causes of crop disease Public health microbiologist -- track the incidence of AIDS in a population Medical microbiologist -- identify the cause of a bladder infection at a hospital lab Environmental Microbiology-effect of microbes on the earth’s diverse habitats Microbiology Careers Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation ASM Objective: 06.03 Humans utilize and harness microorganisms and their products. ASM Topic: Module 06 Impact of Microorganisms Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 01.02 Identify multiple professions using microbiology. Section: 01.01 Topic: Microbial Roles Question 3 3 / 3 pts (CO 2) DNA inside the nucleus is best described as an enzyme. Correct! a double helix. an electron carrier. the energy molecule of cells. a cell building molecule Question 4 3 / 3 pts (CO 3) Capsule is pathogenic factor in bacteria, lack of this feature will Correct! decrease disease causing capability of bacteria increase disease causing capability of bacteria does not change disease causing capability of bacteria cause the bacteria to grow slower none of the above Question 5 3 / 3 pts (CO 1) The three cell types discussed, eukaryotes, archaea, and bacteria, all derived from . Correct! the last universal common ancestor photosynthetic bacteria archaea cells with a true nucleus viruses Question 6 3 / 3 pts (CO 2) Correcting or repairing faulty gene in humans suffering form fatal or debilitating disease is known as Genome mapping transgenic animals proteonomics Correct! gene therapy gel elctrophoresis Question 7 3 / 3 pts (CO 3) Bacteria that require specific growth factors and complex nutrients are termed . aerobic anaerobic Correct! fastidious fermentative hemolytic Bacteria that are Difficult to Grow on Media Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation ASM Objective: 08.02 Use pure culture and selective techniques to enrich for and isolate microorganisms. ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Skills Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.03 Compare and contrast selective and differential media, and give an example of each. Section: 03.01 Topic: Culturing Microorganisms Question 8 0 / 3 pts (CO 1) Capsule staining procedure is best described as a staining technique. You Answered selective Correct Answer differential wet mount simple acid-fast The Gram Stain Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation ASM Objective: 08.01 Properly prepare and view specimens for examination using microscopy (bright field and, if possible, phase contrast). ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Skills Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.09 Compare and contrast the three main categories of stains, and provide examples of each. Section: 03.02 Topic: Preparing Microscopy Specimens Question 9 0 / 3 pts (CO 4) Which statement is not correct regarding microbial growth on food at refrigeration temperatures? Some microbes can grow at refrigerated temperatures. Mesophiles cannot grow at referigerated temperatures. You Answered Thermophiles cannot grow at referigerated temperatures. The growth of microbes in food depends on their optimal growth temperature; some grow slowly and others faster. Correct Answer . Bacteria in food prefer the temperature inside refrigerator to grow. Refrigeration Temperature Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical, chemical, mechanical, or biological means. ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways Blooms Level: 3. Apply Learning Outcome: 07.08 List and define five terms used to express a microbe's optimal growth temperature. Section: 07.02 Topic: Environmental Influences Question 10 3 / 3 pts (CO 5) An organism that cannot tolerate any oxygen in the environment is a(n) . aerobe obligate aerobe facultative anaerobe microaerophile Correct! obligate anaerobe Inability to Use Oxygen Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation ASM Objective: 03.03 The survival and growth of any microorganism in a given environment depends on its metabolic characteristics. ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 07.09 Summarize three ways in which microorganisms function in the presence of oxygen. Section: 07.02 Topic: Environmental Influences Question 11 3 / 3 pts (CO 6) The majority of ATP is produced during . glycolysis the Krebs cycle Correct! the electron transport system photosynthesis fermentation NADH Production Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation ASM Objective: 03.03 The survival and growth of any microorganism in a given environment depends on its metabolic characteristics. ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways Bloom's Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 08.09 Identify electron carriers used by cells. Learning Outcome: 08.12 Describe the Krebs cycle and compare the process between bacteria and eukaryotes. Section: 08.03 Topic: Aerobic/Anaerobic Respiration Question 12 3 / 3 pts (CO 6) Glycolysis . generates pyruvic acid. does not requires oxygen. occurs in cytoplasm generates ATP and NADH Correct! all of the above Features of Fermentation Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation ASM Objective: 03.03 The survival and growth of any microorganism in a given environment depends on its metabolic characteristics. ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways Bloom's Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 08.15 Summarize the steps of microbial fermentation and list three useful products it can create. Section: 08.03 Topic: Fermentation Question 13 3 / 3 pts (CO 3) Protists include . yeasts and molds Correct! algae and protozoa helminths bacteria viruses Protist Examples Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation ASM Objective: 02.04 While microscopic eukaryotes (for example, fungi, protozoa, and algae) carry out some of the same processes as bacteria, many of the cellular properties are fundamentally different. ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 05.02 List the types of eukaryotic microorganisms and denote which are unicellular and which are multicellular. Section: 05.05 Topic: Algae Topic: Protozoans Question 14 3 / 3 pts (CO 3) Yeast exists in two cellular forms hyphae (multicellular) and single cells and are hence classified as . Correct! dimorphic saprobes pseudopods buds parasites Fungal Forms Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation ASM Objective: 02.04 While microscopic eukaryotes (for example, fungi, protozoa, and algae) carry out some of the same processes as bacteria, many of the cellular properties are fundamentally different. ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 05.13 List three general features of fungal anatomy. Section: 05.04 Topic: Fungi Question 15 3 / 3 pts (CO 4) Viruses that cause infection resulting in alternating periods of activity with symptoms and inactivity without symptoms are called . Correct! latent oncogenic prions viroids delta agents Variations in Viral Symptomology Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or detrimental ways. ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems Bloom's Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 06.14 Provide examples of persistent and transforming infections, describing their effects on the host. Learning Outcome: 06.19 Analyze the relative importance of viruses in human infection and disease. Section: 06.05 Topic: Viral Replication Question 16 3 / 3 pts (CO 4) Antiviral drugs are often difficult to develop, largely because Correct! viruses are obligate intracellular parasites so the drugs must enter the host cell and often cause toxic side effects in order to destroy the virus. viruses are much bigger than bacterial cells. viruses are more abundant in the body than bacterial cells. viruses are less pathogenic than bacterial cells. viruses are found everywhere Antiviral Drugs Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or detrimental ways. ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems Bloom's Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 06.20 Discuss the primary reason that antiviral drugs are more difficult to design than antibacterial drugs. Section: 06.08 Topic: Viral Replication Question 17 3 / 3 pts (CO 7) The process that destroys most microbial life, reducing contamination on inanimate objects is . _. Correct! disinfection sterilization antisepsis sanitization degermation Removal of Microorganisms I Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical, chemical, mechanical, or biological means. ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 11.01 Distinguish among the terms sterilization, disinfection, antisepsis, and decontamination. Section: 11.01 Topic: Basics of Microbial Control Question 18 3 / 3 pts (CO 7) Important characteristics of antimicrobial drugs include low toxicity for human tissues. high toxicity against microbial cells. a lack of serious side effects in humans. stability and solubility in body tissues and fluids. Correct! All of the choices are correct. Key Characteristics of Antimicrobials Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical, chemical, mechanical, or biological means. ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 12.01 State the main goal of antimicrobial treatment. Section: 12.01 Topic: Principles of Antimicrobial Therapy Question 19 3 / 3 pts (CO 8) In the acronym TORCH, the letter R stands for . Ringwork rabit fever rabies RSV Correct! rubella TORCH Definition Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or detrimental ways. ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems Bloom's Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 13.14 List six different modes of horizontal transmission, providing an infectious disease spread by each. Section: 13.02 Topic: Transmission of Infections Question 20 0 / 3 pts (CO 8) Which term-definition pair is mismatched? animal or zoonotic – infections ingenious to animals but can also be transmitted to humans living reservoir- includes humans, animals and arthropods Correct Answer carriers- person recovering from illness and show signs and symptoms of the disease non- living reservoirs- soil, water, air You Answered mechanical agents- an animal that transports an infectious agent but is not infected by it Virulence Factors and Functions Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation ASM Objective: 02.03 Bacteria and Archaea have specialized structures (e.g., flagella, endospores, and pili) that often confer critical capabilities. ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or detrimental ways. ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems Bloom's Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 13.09 Describe three ways microbes cause tissue damage. Section: 13.02 Topic: Virulence/Host Damage Question 21 3 / 3 pts (CO 9) Nonspecific chemical defenses in tears include Correct! lysozyme. lactic acid. fatty acids. hydrochloric acid. sebum. Nonspecific Resistance Examples Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or detrimental ways. ASM Objective: 06.01 Microbes are essential for life as we know it and the processes that support life (e.g., in biogeochemical cycles and plant and/or animal microflora). ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems ASM Topic: Module 06 Impact of Microorganisms Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 14.02 Identify three components of the first line of defense. Section: 14.01 Topic: Anatomy/Physiology of Defense Topic: Basic Host Defenses Topic: First Line of Defense Question 22 3 / 3 pts (CO 9) white blood cells increases during inflammation and parastic worm infection? Basophils Correct! Eosinophils Neutrophils Monocytes Lymphocytes Phagocytic WBC Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or detrimental ways. ASM Objective: 06.01 Microbes are essential for life as we know it and the processes that support life (e.g., in biogeochemical cycles and plant and/or animal microflora). ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems ASM Topic: Module 06 Impact of Microorganisms Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 14.09 Name six types of blood cells that function in nonspecific immunity, and specify the most important function of each. Section: 14.03 Topic: Second Line Innate Defenses Question 23 3 / 3 pts (CO 9) The granules of basophils contain . antibodies antigens digestive enzymes Correct! histamine lysozyme Basophil Granules Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or detrimental ways. ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 14.09 Name six types of blood cells that function in nonspecific immunity, and specify the most important function of each. Section: 14.03 Topic: Second Line Innate Defenses Question 24 0 / 3 pts (CO 9) Which second line of defense helps in fighting off viral infections? saliva complement proteins inflammation You Answered phagocytosis Correct Answer interferons Second Line of Defense Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or detrimental ways. ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 14.11 List the four major categories of nonspecific immunity. Section: 14.04 Topic: Second Line Innate Defenses Question 25 3 / 3 pts (CO 9) A foreign molecule that causes a specific immune response is a(n) . PAMP marker hapten antibody Correct! antigen Molecules for Immune Response Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or detrimental ways. ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 15.01 Describe how the third line of defense is different from the other host defense mechanisms. Section: 15.01 Topic: Antigens and Antibodies Question 26 0 / 3 pts (CO 9) Cytotoxic T cells secrete antibodies. You Answered activate B cells Correct Answer directly destroy target cells. have a non-specific response activate other T cells. Functions of Helper T Cells Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or detrimental ways. ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 15.06 Summarize the maturation process of both B cells and T cells. Learning Outcome: 15.14 Summarize the process of T-cell activation, and list major types of T cells produced in this process. Section: 15.01 Topic: Cell-Mediated Response Question 27 3 / 3 pts (CO 9) Which type of antibodies is found in body fluids? IgD IgE Correct! IgA IgM IgG Question 28 3 / 3 pts (CO 9) Which of the following is a possible outcome of a type IV hypersensitivity reaction? Asthma Atopic Dermatitis Food allergies Blood group incompatibility Correct! Transplant rejection Symptoms of Type I Hypersensitivity Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or detrimental ways. ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 16.02 Identify the four major categories of hypersensitivity, or overreaction to antigens. Section: 16.02 Topic: Hypersensitivities Question 29 3 / 3 pts (CO 9) All of the following are autoimmune diseases except systemic lupus erythematosus. Graves' disease. type I diabetes. Correct! metastatic cancer. rheumatoid arthritis. Examples of Autoimmune Disease Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or detrimental ways. ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 16.17 List three autoimmune diseases, and describe immunologic features common to all. Section: 16.06 Topic: Autoimmunity Question 30 0 / 3 pts (CO 9) The class of antibodies that provides immunity during secondary immune response (anamnestic response) IgA You Answered IgE IgF Correct Answer IgG IgD Effects of Autoantibodies Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or detrimental ways. ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 16.17 List three autoimmune diseases, and describe immunologic features common to all. Section: 16.06 Topic: Autoimmunity Question 31 3 / 3 pts (CO 10) Infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus include all of the following except . Necrotizing Fasciitis carbuncles impetigo scalded skin syndrome Correct! chickenpox Staphylococcal Infections Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or detrimental ways. ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 18.04 List the possible causative agents for each of the infectious skin conditions: MRSA, impetigo, cellulitis, staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, gas gangrene, vesicular or pustular rash diseases, maculopapular rash diseases, wartlike eruptions, large pustular skin lesions, and superficial mycosis. Section: 18.03 Topic: Bacteria Topic: Skin/Skeletal Infections Question 32 3 / 3 pts (CO 10) In a recent surgery, when the cut area was sutured, bacteria entered the open tissue. As a result, you now have an infection of deep tissue exhibiting redness, swelling, pain, fever, and necrosis. With your knowledge of microbiology, you predict that you have a developed an infection caused by . E. coli human herpesvirus 3 Correct! Staphylococcus Neisseria Papilloma virus Post-Surgical Infection Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or detrimental ways. ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems Blooms Level: 4. Analyze Learning Outcome: 18.04 List the possible causative agents for each of the infectious skin conditions: MRSA, impetigo, cellulitis, staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, gas gangrene, vesicular or pustular rash diseases, maculopapular rash diseases, wartlike eruptions, large pustular skin lesions, and superficial mycosis. Section: 18.03 Topic: Bacteria Topic: Skin/Skeletal Infections Question 33 3 / 3 pts (CO 10) Which of the following is a prion disease? Tinea pedis Rocky mountain spotted fever plague Correct! Mad cow disease COVID-19 Examples of Prion Diseases Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or detrimental ways. ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 19.06 Discuss important features of meningoencephalitis, encephalitis, and subacute encephalitis. Section: 19.03 Topic: Nervous System Infections Topic: Viruses Question 34 3 / 3 pts (CO 10) Which of the following statements about rabies is incorrect? Rabies is a zoonotic disease. Wild populations of bats, skunks, raccoons, cats, and canines are primary reservoirs. Transmission can involve bites, scratches, and inhalation. Correct! The disease is caused by a Gram negative bacteria The disease is caused by a virus Rabies Features Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or detrimental ways. ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 19.08 List the possible causative agents for each of the following conditions: rabies, poliomyelitis, tetanus, botulism, and African sleeping sickness. Section: 19.03 Topic: Nervous System Infections Topic: Viruses Question 35 3 / 3 pts (CO 10) When bacteria flourish and grow in the blood stream, the condition is termed . viremia fungemia bactocarditis Correct! sepsis lymphangitis Growth in Blood Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or detrimental ways. ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 20.03 Discuss the current state of knowledge of the normal biota of the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems. Section: 20.02 Topic: Systemic (Cardiovascular/Lymphatic) Infections Question 36 3 / 3 pts (CO 10) Pasteurization of milk helps to prevent . candidiasis plague endocarditis Correct! brucellosis mononucleosis Prevention of Disease with Pasteurization Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or detrimental ways. ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 20.09 List the possible causative agents and modes of transmission for nonhemorrhagic fever diseases. Section: 20.03 Topic: Bacteria Topic: Systemic (Cardiovascular/Lymphatic) Infections Question 37 3 / 3 pts (CO 10) Symptoms of infectious mononucleosis include bull's eye rash pustules on skin Correct! sore throat, cervical lymphadenopathy, and splenomegaly. severe diarrhea and vomitting vomitting, furuncles and itchy skin Mononucleosis Symptoms Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or detrimental ways. ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 20.04 List the possible causative agents for each of the following infectious cardiovascular condtions: acute and subacute endocarditis, plague, tularemia, Lyme disease, infectious mononucleosis, anthrax, Chagas disease, and malaria. Section: 20.03 Topic: Systemic (Cardiovascular/Lymphatic) Infections Topic: Viruses Question 38 3 / 3 pts (CO 10) Infection travels to the middle ear by way of the . auditory canal sinuses nasal cavity Correct! eustachian (auditory) tubes subarachnoid space Middle Ear Infections Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or detrimental ways. ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems Bloom's Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 21.04 List the possible causative agents, modes of transmission, virulence factors, diagnostic techniques, and prevention and treatment for each of the diseases of the upper respiratory tract: the common cold, sinusitis, otitis media, pharyngitis, and diphtheria. Section: 21.03 Topic: Bacteria Topic: Respiratory System Infections Question 39 3 / 3 pts (CO 10) Which of the following statements is not true regarding streptococcal pharyngitis (Strep throat)? It presents with a purulent exudate over the tonsils. It can lead to scarlet fever. It can lead to rheumatic fever Correct! It is usually caused by Staphylococci It can cause glomerulunephritis Features of Strep Throat Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or detrimental ways. ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems Bloom's Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 21.04 List the possible causative agents, modes of transmission, virulence factors, diagnostic techniques, and prevention and treatment for each of the diseases of the upper respiratory tract: the common cold, sinusitis, otitis media, pharyngitis, and diphtheria. Section: 21.03 Topic: Bacteria Topic: Respiratory System Infections Question 40 3 / 3 pts (CO 10) A diagnosis of tuberculosis involves a/an . chest X ray acid-fast stain of sputum tuberculin skin test sputum culture Correct! All of the choices are correct. Question 41 0 / 3 pts (CO 10) Which of the following is a characteristic of Histoplasma capsulatum? Correct Answer It is a fungal infection It is a protozoan. It is a viral infection You Answered It is a prions disease It is a bacterial infection. Features of Histoplasma Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or detrimental ways. ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems Bloom's Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 21.13 List the possible causative agents for each of the diseases affecting the lower respiratory tract: tuberculosis, community-acquired pneumonia, healthcare-associated pneumonia, and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. Section: 21.05 Topic: Fungi Topic: Respiratory System Infections Question 42 3 / 3 pts (CO 10) Influenza virus can exhibit constant mutation of viral glycoproteins, called antigenic , or alternatively antigenic , which is a more serious phenomenon caused by the exchange of a viral gene with that of another influenza virus strain. drift; exchange exchange; drift Correct! drift; shift shift; drift shift; exchange Mutation of Influenza Viruses Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or detrimental ways. Bloom's Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 21.12 Compare and contrast antigenic drift and antigenic shift in influenza viruses. Section: 21.05 Topic: Respiratory System Infections Topic: Viruses Question 43 3 / 3 pts (CO10) Escherichia coli infections are often transmitted by fecal contaminated water and food. include EIEC that destroys gut mucosa. involve enterotoxin in traveler's diarrhea. are self-limiting with the only treatment being rehydration. Correct! All of the choices are correct. Features of E. coli Infections Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or detrimental ways. ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 22.06 Name eight bacterial and three nonbacterial causes of acute diarrhea, and identify the most common cause of food-borne illness in the United States. Learning Outcome: 22.07 Name one distinct feature for each of the acute diarrhea pathogens. Section: 22.03 Topic: Bacteria Topic: Gastrointestinal System Infections Question 44 3 / 3 pts (CO 10) The most common bacterial cause of diarrhea in the United States is . E. coli Salmonella Shigella Correct! Campylobacter Vibrio Bacteria Causing Diarrhea Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or detrimental ways. ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 22.06 Name eight bacterial and three nonbacterial causes of acute diarrhea, and identify the most common cause of food-borne illness in the United States. Learning Outcome: 22.07 Name one distinct feature for each of the acute diarrhea pathogens. Section: 22.03 Topic: Bacteria Topic: Gastrointestinal System Infections Question 45 3 / 3 pts (CO 10) "Rice-water stools" are associated with disease caused by which organism? Vibrio vulnificus Vibrio parahaemolyticus Correct! Vibrio cholerae Campylobacter jejuni Helicobacter pylori Consistency of Stools Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or detrimental ways. ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 22.06 Name eight bacterial and three nonbacterial causes of acute diarrhea, and identify the most common cause of food-borne illness in the United States. Learning Outcome: 22.07 Name one distinct feature for each of the acute diarrhea pathogens. Section: 22.03 Topic: Bacteria Topic: Gastrointestinal System Infections Question 46 3 / 3 pts (CO10) A current news story describes a cruise ship in the Caribbean with an outbreak of diarrheal illness, affecting hundreds of people. With all of those people in a small area, opening and closing doors, using handrails, etc, you are trying to figure out what infectious agent may be the cause. Your most likely guess is that the pathogen is . cholera Correct! norovirus Clostridium difficile hepatitis B shiga-toxin-producing E. coli Diarrhea on a Cruiseship Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or detrimental ways. Blooms Level: 3. Apply Learning Outcome: 22.06 Name eight bacterial and three nonbacterial causes of acute diarrhea, and identify the most common cause of food-borne illness in the United States. Learning Outcome: 22.07 Name one distinct feature for each of the acute diarrhea pathogens. Section: 22.03 Topic: Gastrointestinal System Infections Topic: Viruses Question 47 3 / 3 pts (CO 10) Hepatitis B virus is principally transmitted by blood. transmission risks include shared needles, anal intercourse, and heterosexual intercourse. is transmitted to newborns from chronic carrier mothers. has many chronic carriers. Correct! All of the choices are correct. Epidemiology of Hepatitis B Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or detrimental ways. ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 22.10 Differentiate among the main types of hepatitis and discuss causative agents, modes of transmission, diagnostic techniques, prevention, and treatment of each. Section: 22.03 Topic: Gastrointestinal System Infections Topic: Viruses Question 48 3 / 3 pts (CO 10) Janey has been taking antibiotics for 10 days to counter a urinary tract infection caused by E. coli. Her UTI is eliminated, but two weeks later she has a vaginal itch. What is the likely cause? Correct! Candida albicans Staphylococcus aureus Lactobacillus acidophilus Clostridium difficile Escherichia coli Infection after Antibiotics Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or detrimental ways. ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems Blooms Level: 3. Apply Learning Outcome: 23.07 List the possible causative agents for each of the following infectious reproductive tract conditions: vaginitis, vaginosis, prostatitis, genital discharge diseases, genital ulcer diseases, and wart diseases. Section: 23.03 Topic: Bacteria Topic: Urogenital System Infections Question 49 3 / 3 pts (CO 10) Neisseria gonorrhoeae is the cause of ophthalmia neonatorum. the cause of gonorrhea. is a diplococci virulent due to fimbriae. Correct! All of the choices are correct. Neisseria Features Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or detrimental ways. ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 23.07 List the possible causative agents for each of the following infectious reproductive tract conditions: vaginitis, vaginosis, prostatitis, genital discharge diseases, genital ulcer diseases, and wart diseases. Section: 23.04 Topic: Bacteria Topic: Urogenital System Infections Question 50 3 / 3 pts (CO 10) The Tuskegee Study gathered information on . gonorrhea chlamydia genital herpes Correct! syphilis HIV Tuskegee Study Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or detrimental ways. ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 23.07 List the possible causative agents for each of the following infectious reproductive tract conditions: vaginitis, vaginosis, prostatitis, genital discharge diseases, genital ulcer diseases, and wart diseases. Section: 23.04 Topic: Bacteria Topic: Urogenital System Infections Question 51 3 / 3 pts (CO 10) Which of the following infections can lead to cervical cancer and is vaccine preventable? Correct! Papilloma infection HSV-2 infection Candidiasis Syphilis Chlamydia Identification of a Urogenital Disease Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or detrimental ways. ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems Blooms Level: 3. Apply Learning Outcome: 23.07 List the possible causative agents for each of the following infectious reproductive tract conditions: vaginitis, vaginosis, prostatitis, genital discharge diseases, genital ulcer diseases, and wart diseases. Section: 23.04 Topic: Urogenital System Infections Topic: Viruses Question 52 3 / 3 pts (CO 10) Trichomonas vaginalis is a . fungus bacterium helminth Correct! protozoan algae Trichomonas Classification Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or detrimental ways. ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 23.07 List the possible causative agents for each of the following infectious reproductive tract conditions: vaginitis, vaginosis, prostatitis, genital discharge diseases, genital ulcer diseases, and wart diseases. Section: 23.04 Topic: Protozoans Topic: Urogenital System Infections Question 53 3 / 4 pts (CO 6) All of the following pertain to enzymes (select all that apply) Correct! are made of protein Correct! lower the activation energy Correct! have active sites always require co-factor and co-enzymes Correct Answer denature with pH and temperature changes Question 54 2.67 / 4 pts (CO 2) Are examples of horizontal gene transfer (select all that apply) fission Correct! conjugation Correct! transduction You Answered mutation Correct! transformation Question 55 4 / 4 pts (CO 6) Select which of these is/ are parasitic helminthes (select all that apply) Correct! Pin worms Correct! Tape worms Correct! Round worms Trichomonas Correct! Flukes Question 56 4 / 4 pts (CO 4) Noncellular infections agents include (select all that apply) archaea Correct! viriods Correct! virions Correct! prions protozoa Question 57 1 / 4 pts (CO 7) Which of these antibiotics are inhibitors of synthesis of peptidoglycan layer in cell wall of bacteria (select all that apply). Correct Answer Penicillin Correct Answer Methicillin You Answered Tetracycline Correct! Vancomycin You Answered Trimethoprim Question 58 0 / 3 pts (CO 9) This immunoglobulin type if often found as a pentamer and first responder to invading pathogens . You Answered Correct Answers IgM Question 59 3 / 3 pts (CO 10) Persons with asymptomatic infections may be of disease. You Answered Correct Answers asymptomatic carriers carriers reservoirs Question 60 3 / 3 pts (CO 8) Nausea is a that is the subjective evidence of disease as sensed by the patient. Correct! Correct Answers symptom Question 61 0 / 3 pts (CO 8) The number of new cases during a period of time in terms of epidemiological statistics are called . You Answered Correct Answers incidence Question 62 0 / 3 pts (CO 9) This type of hypersensitivity reaction involves only cell mediated immunity (T cell). You Answered Correct Answers Type IV hypersensitivity Delayed hypersensitivity Cell- mediated hypersensitivity Question 63 3 / 3 pts (CO 10) A female is admitted to ER with severe abdominal pain, she had recently returned from here trip to Panama where she had tried different types of pork. Upon WBC analysis it was found that she had elevated numbers of eosinophils. What class of infectious organisms can be suspected in this case (give the scientific name) ? You Answered Correct Answers Taenia solium tape worm helminthes Question 64 3 / 3 pts (CO 10) Recent evidence suggests that stomach ulcers (gastric ulcers) are caused by this microorganism. You Answered Correct Answers Helicobacter pylori H. pylori Question 65 0 / 3 pts (CO 10) This viral infection is characterized by unusual oral lesions called Koplik’s spots followed by red maculopapular exanthema. What is the name of the disease? . You Answered Correct Answers Measles Rubeola Red measles Question 66 10 / 10 pts (CO9) Explain the role of CD4 (T helper cells) in the progression from patients from being HIV positive to having AIDS. Why over the years the incidence of HIV infection has declined in the United States while the prevalence of AIDS has increased. OR (CO 9) Describe the four different types of acquired immunity. Your Answer: Different types of immunity Natural Acvtive - response of a person developing his own immune response to a microbe eg developing a cold and then building up immunity on that particular microbe Natural Passive-Receiving a preformed immunity made by another person eg breastfeeding to a baby by a mother Artificial Active-developing own immune response to a microbe eg vaccine for MMR, etc Artificial Passive- a person receiving immunity through another person eg blood transfusions CD4 (T helper cells) are necessary to fully stimulate both the cell mediated and humeral immune responses. Without the “help” of CD4 cells, neither of the adaptive immune responses will be fully activated which leaves the individual susceptible to many infections that the body is unable to control. HIV infects CD4 cells and can remain latent for years. As the disease progresses, the virus replicates and destroys the CD4 cells. When the CD4 cell count drops below 200 cells/microliter, the individual goes from being HIV positive to having AIDS. Recall that incidence is the number of “new” cases of HIV infections. The decline in the number of new cases may have many reasons – education of prevention, mutual monogamy, those who are infected have already been identified, etc. The prevalence of AIDS increases as infected individuals move from being HIV positive to having AIDS. 4 types of immunity- see page 431 in the book Rubric for essay type questions 10 points – “full mastery” -- student answers all parts of the question correctly with ample detail to show fully understanding 8 points – “so close!” -- student misses one main concept or missing some important details; most (~80%) of what is said is correct 5 points – “halfway there” -- student answers approximately half of the question correctly, and/or does not provide enough detail to appropriately answer an essay question 2 points – “well they got that one part!”-- student shows modest mastery of a concept involved in the question, but not enough detail to answer the question fully 0 points – “blank” -- blank, or answer does not match question Question 67 10 / 10 pts (CO 8) Smallpox was globally eradicated in 1977 according to the WHO. Have other diseases been eradicated?(3 points) Why can some diseases never be eradicated? (7 points) or (CO 10) Describe three types of reservoirs of infectious disease in humans. Give an example disease for each type of reservoir. Your Answer: 3 Differennt types of resoviours Animal - animals that are infected with diseases can infect humans through contact . Conact including biting , scracthes , etc . Examples rabies transmitted by racoon bite,tick bite Humans: humans can act as active disease resivours for infections. Carries may be asymtomatic and unknowlingly spread the disease to others by touching,kissing,sexual contact ,etc Non living such as air,soil,water-pathogens can remain dormant in soil ,water or in the air . Oncethey are able to attach to a host they then able to replicate in their host . Example vibrio cholera living in water can infected a person who drinks the water unknowlingly . Other diseases have been eradicated in certain regions or countries but have not been eradicated globally in the way that smallpox has. Some diseases cannot be eradicated because they are endemic to a region; this means that they naturally occur in a region. These diseases may be transmitted through animal vectors that cannot be eliminated, such as the mosquito and malaria. Some diseases cannot be eradicated because there are not vaccinations developed or are not used in enough frequency to be fully effective in sending the disease. The incidence of many diseases can be decreased but elimination has not been achieved. OR For a pathogen to enter a new host, it must survive in some site from which it can infect the new host. (1POINT) These sites are considered reservoirs, which include the following (3 points each) 1. Animal reservoirs, such as domestic or wild animals. Examples: Lyme disease, rabies, West Nile fever 2. Human carriers, which are individuals who are infectious and may be either asymptomatic or symptomatic. Examples: AIDS, tuberculosis, typhoid fever 3. Nonliving reservoirs, such as soil, water, and food. Examples: botulism, cholera, tetanus Question 68 Not yet graded / 10 pts (CO 11) In an episode of the television show House, Dr. House removed the patient’s tracheostomy tube and viewed into the pharynx to find evidence of a pseudomembrane. He then contacted the CDC to obtain the patient’s needed treatment. What treatment did he think the patient was suffering from? What did he obtain from the CDC, and how will it be able to effectively treat the patient? Give details of the name, Gram reaction and shape of the pathogen along with its virulence factors? or (CO 11) Explain whether there is a greater risk for E. coli O157:H7 infection when consuming a hamburger compared to consuming a steak (5points). Discuss whether or not food poisoning can still occur after consuming a reheated pot of soup known to be contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus. Your Answer: Looking ath what Dr.House found the mention of pseudomembrane leads me to believe that this patient is suffering from diptheria . Diptheria is caused by a bacteria called Corynebacterium diptheria . It is capable of producing toxins which are poisionous . It can cause difficult breating , swalloing , slight fever ,etc .In some cases if it is severe it can cause heart failure and lead to death . This disease is spread from person to person by contact and air droplets .People can get sick from touch or kissing an infected person.The toxins kill healthy tissues and this leads to the development of a thick gray colored mucus that builds up in the throat and nose AKA pseudomembrane.It causes difficulty breathing and swalloing . Confirmation of this disease can be done by a nasal or thraot swab which can be anazlysed at a lab . Patients are usually treated with antibiotics and most of the recover. This disease was a major cause of child deaths many years ago until the development of the vaccine called the dtap which is given to children in several doses through their years . Once they are adults they recieve a booster of the TDAP . 2 points per concept: (1) He suspected diphtheria, which is a reportable disease. (2) Diphtheria antitoxin is needed to treat this patient only available by distribution through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, as (3) antitoxin neutralizes diphtheria toxin. Treatment will include an antibiotic to kill bacterial cells. The infection is caused when (4) Corynebacterium diphtheria releases (5) exotoxin (diphtheria toxin); the membrane is formed by bacteria and consists of bacterial cells, fibrin, lymphocytes and dead tissue. OR During the slaughter of cattle, E. coli from the intestines can contaminate the ground meat used to make hamburgers. Additionally, ground beef is made from the combined meat of many different cattle. This increases the likelihood that the ground beef is contaminated with fecal matter from the intestines of the cattle. During the grinding process, the E.coli is mixed throughout the meat. A steak may become contaminated with fecal material but the fecal material remains on the outside of the steak and is easier to kill during the cooking process. Therefore, there is a greater risk of E. coli 0157:H7 from eating hamburger. Staphylococcus aureus can be found everywhere, including human skin and nasal passages, and people who handle food can easily contaminate the food. S. aureus produces a number of different exotoxins that are heat-stable and not easily killed by normal cooking temperatures. To kill the exotoxins, the food must be cooked at greater than 100 C for at least 30 minutes! The exotoxins produced by S. aureus attack the gastrointestinal system causing the characteristic signs and symptoms. The exotoxins do not have a noticeable smell or taste which makes them difficult to detect until it is too late. Quiz Score: 181.67 out of 230