PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 370 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
Chapter 1:
1. Etiology: study of causes or reasons for a particular injury. Idiopathic (unknown) vs Iatrogenic
(unintended/unwanted medical treatment). Risk Factor: a factor
...
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 370 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
Chapter 1:
1. Etiology: study of causes or reasons for a particular injury. Idiopathic (unknown) vs Iatrogenic
(unintended/unwanted medical treatment). Risk Factor: a factor that increases the likelihood of disease.
2. Pathogenesis: development or evolution of disease from initial stimulus to ultimate expression of
manifestations of the disease.
3. Clinical Manifestations: Signs (objective) vs Symptoms (subjective).
4. Stages and Clinical Course: Latent period (time between exposure of tissue to injurious agent, first
appearance of S&S), Prodromal period (indicating onset of disease), Acute phase (disease/illness reaches
its full intensity).
5. Acute clinical course: short-lived, may have severe manifestations.
6. Chronic clinical course: may last months to years, sometimes follows an acute course.
7. Treatment implications: understanding the etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical consequences of a
particular disorder/disease/illness may determine which treatments could be helpful.
8. Considerations: culture, age, gender, situation, time.
9. Levels of Prevention:
Primary: altering susceptibility or reducing exposure for susceptible persons (vaccination).
Secondary: early detection, screening, and management of disease.
Tertiary: rehabilitation, supportive care, reducing disability, and restoring effective functioning.
10.Subclinical: disease that has no recognizable clinical findings. Distinct from a clinical disease which has
S&S that can be recognized. Subclinical disease ex. Diabetes, hypothyroidism, RA until they turn into
clinical diseases.
Chapter 2:
1. Homeostasis: ideal set point; response: mechanistic, predictable series of orchestrated internal events.
2. Types of parameters to control: osmolarity, temperature, pH, nutrients, water, Na+, Ca2+, oxygen,
hormones.
3. Allostasis: ability to adapt to challenges; maintains or reestablishes homeostasis in light of environmental
and lifestyle changes.
4. Stressors: agents or conditions that endanger homeostasis (physical, chemical, emotional, biological,
social, or cultural; vary in scope, intensity, and duration.
5. Feedback control systems adapt to changes to restore homeostasis.
6. Stress can be beneficial: increase ene
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