ATI TEAS 7 SCIENCE EXAM

ATI TEAS 7 SCIENCE EXAM Which of the following questions is the student investigating? What effect do different concentration of solute have on freezing point Which of the following body systems breaks down protein i ...

ATI TEAS 7 SCIENCE EXAM Which of the following questions is the student investigating? What effect do different concentration of solute have on freezing point Which of the following body systems breaks down protein into Amino Acids? Digestive Which structure in male reproductive system secretes fluid and protects sperm? Prostate gland Which of the following describes the function of a Neuron? Transmits Sensory Information Which occurs during Thermoregulation to Increase body temperature Body shivers Which of the following hormones increases the heart rate in response to stress? Epinephrine Which of the following cells has the ability to engulf other cells? Macrophages While playing Basketball, a player injures her achilles tendon? Which tissue is injured? Connective Tissue NAD+2e- + H+ ---> NADH which describes the reaction above? Reduction of NAD Which of the following processes causes most of the carbon dioxide from the to move into Alveoli? Diffusion Where does Aerobic Respiration occur? Mitochondria Which of the following is the Sphincter muscle that regulates movement of Chyme? Pyloric Sphincter Blood clotting involves Which of the following? Fibrinogen Which of the following types of membrane is associated with the skin? Cutaneous Which of the following types of bonds link base pair Nucleotide within a double strand of DNA? Hydrogen Which of the following occurs when the Diaphragm contracts? Thoracic Cavity Increases in Volume Which of the following structures is severed and tied off as part of Vasectomy Procedure? Vas Deferens Which of the following chemicals is released by one type of immune cell to directly activate another type of immune cell? Cytokines Which of the following portions of the neuron transmits Neurotransmitter? Axon Which of the following organic compounds are used to Manufacture Steroid hormones in the body? Cholesterol The system of interconnected tubes involved in protein production is? Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Which of the following correctly shows the order in which the filtrate moves through the structures of the nephron? Proximal-loop-Distal-Collecting What is Homeostasis? Self-Regulating process by which an organism tends to maintain stability while adjusting to conditions If damages occur to the Alveoli of the lungs, which of the following is true? Blood would not return from lungs to the heart Which of the following statements best supports the hypothesis that the virus can cause cancer? Genes that regulate cells division are found in some viruses The flow rate of gas through a tube is proportional to the diameter of which human respiratory system does it flow fastest? Trachea Genetic Information describing characteristics of organisms is found in? Nuclei Which protects Ultraviolet Radiation? Melanin Red Bone Marrow? Found in Flat bone and produces all elements When you are breathing normally exhalation results mainly from? Relaxation of chest and diaphragm Which organ filters excess solutes from blood? Kidney What endocrine gland produces Insulin? Pancreas Inhalation of humans is achieved by? Contraction of diaphraphm moves downward What connects Uterus and vagina? Cervix The Vermiform appendix extends from a large intestine called? Caceum Which is a long bone? Femur What muscle movement has synapse in it rather than the brain? Reflect Arc Which organelle packages and forms protein in the cell refines proteins manufactured by ribosomes? Golgi Apparatus Which can digest Enzyme? Protease Which organ shrinks in size as people age? Thymus Smallest of Blood Vessels? Capillaries Which has the highest boiling point? Water Blood enters then then? Arteries, Arteolies, Capillaries What hormone mediates the flight response? Epinephrine Oxygen moves from blood into fluid and then to body cells because? Diffuses from highest to lowest. Modify a hypothesis? Warm infection reduces severity of Auto disorder Which of these is Water Solute? Globular Protein Which is not a function of the skin? Production of Red Blood Cells Who is responsible for lowering of the blood glucose levels? Insulin Secreted B cells Which are the sites within the body where carbon dioxide and lungs move between blood streams? Capillaries aloud blood through Alveoli The arteries that supplies to the heart? Coronary Arteries Which vitamin is produced by the skin in response to ultraviolet light? Vitamin D Gonadotropin? Luteinizing follicle hormones Which of the following is the layer of skin that forms protective waterproof barriers Which best describes protection from Antigens due to Passive Immunity? Mother passes antibodies through breast milk What is the function of pores in the Nuclear Membrane? Permitting Passage of molecules in and out Which of the following is not an endothermic process? Condensation Which of the following substances is secreted by sweat glands in response to the breakdown of protein and the formation of ammonia? UREA Which of the following Digestive Structure releases Amylase? Salivary Gland An individual cell is able to make copies of its genetic information but is unable to produce encoded proteins this indicates? Ribosomes What is the pericardial cavity? Is located in the ventral cavity Where is Adipose tissue found? It is connective tissue located between the skin During intramembranous bare formation? Osteoblast secrets in Matrix of bare Most Ca2 is transported to lungs in which way? A bicarbonate ions What is Norepinephrine? Increases heart rate and blood pumping It treats low blood pressure and heart failure Oxygen is mostly transported through the body by? Band to hemoglobin An example of Active immunity is the transfer of? Artizens through vaccination What is the stratum corneum? The outermost epidermal layer consists of dead cells and is the major barrier to chemical transfer through the skin. What part of the body makes WBC? Bone Marrow Describe the order of events in which bone fracture heels? hema-fibro-bony-heals -remodel Which of the following is the sphincter muscle that regulates the movement of chyme into a small intestine? Pyloric sphincter The process cephalization allows for which of the following? Localizing sensory organs Which of the following occurs when the thyroid gland releases calcitonin? Building of the bones occur The insulating sheath that facilitates rapid movement of the action potential down of the axon is known as which of the following? Myelin An equal mass of which of the following states of matter could completely fill either 100 ml or 500 mlo container? Gas What are lymphatic capillaries that absorb fat? Lacteals Hormones that your brain produces in response to darkness timing circadian rhythms Melatonin Which occurs along proximal tubules of nephrons? Glucose, lactate, and amino acids are absorbed What are the two major parts of the nervous system? Central nervous Peripheral What reaction yields a net absorption of free energy? Endergonic reaction Once ovulation occurs, the corpus luteum forms, Which of the following describes the function of the corpus luteum? Corpus luteum secretes progesterone to thicken What is the function of the circulatory system ? Distribute nutrients, blood, and oxygen to the body’s organs and tissues To break down toxins A scientist predicts that germination beans will use more oxygen than non-germinating beans. The prediction is referred to as which of the following? Hypothesis Which part of the brain regulates breathing, digestion, heart rate? Medulla oblongata Which of the following hormones regulates blood calcium levels Parathyroid hormone A scientist has noted a possible relationship between a certain chemical substance found in fish and the occurrence of kidney failure into humans. Which of the following preliminary steps should the scientist take before conducting a controlled experiment? Review other work In a hypertonic solution, water flows through aquaporins embedded in the plasma membrane of the cell. This type of transport is best known as which of the following? Osmosis Which of the following cellular organelles releases the energy contained in food? Mitochondria Scientists rely on which of the following to provide critical feedback when revising scientific explanations? Peer Review Hair follicles are found in the layer skiing called? Dermis Which of the following is the primary function of red blood cells? Carrying oxygen to other blood cells Which of the following is the term for the gap between two nerves cells? Synapse Which of the following is the contraction phase of the cardiac cycle? Systolic What structure stores urine before euception? Bladder Which of the following distinguishes endocrine and exocrine glands from one another? The presence or absence of ducts Which of the following is generally expected to be true about birth rates in relation to death rates for a country with growing population and high infant mortality? Birth rates are higher than death rates Which of the following body systems is the primary system involved in preventing an infection when a cut in the skin allows bacteria to enter the body? Immune system The renal vein is the structure through which blood exits the kidney resulting in low pressure What is hypodermis? Third when skin is fatty The parathyroid is a compound of what organ system? Endocrine Steps to scientific method? Observe, questions, predict, collect data, conclude What is an irregular shaped bone? Vertebra Which of the following describes protection from antigens due to passive immunity? A mother passes antibodies to her child through breast milk In which of the following organs does meiosis occur? Ovaries Which of the following parts of the central nervous system releases chemicals that regulate the pituitary gland? hypothalums Why do cells undergo differentiation? Cells express alternate genetic information An example of active immunity is the transfer of? Antibodies through the placenta Which part of the brain regulates breathing. Heart rate, wakefulness? Brain Stem What is the function of the integumentary system? Protection Excretion Production of antibodies After crossing two tall pea plants, a scientist notes that approximately ¾ are tall, while approximately ¼ are short. The scientist is noting the offsprings Phenotype Which of the following is correct regarding the PH Scale? Substance with a ph 3 is 10 times as acidic as a substance with a ph of 4 What organelle is the site of intracellular digestion? Lysosomes What composes the rings that support the trachea? Hyaline cartilage What cavity is lined by connective tissue peritoneum ? Abdominal cavity In which of the following structures of the respiratory system does the majority of gas exchange occur? Alveoli Urea is derived from which of the following? Breakdown of amino acids in the liver What causes goosebumps? Pilorecter Which of the following is a hinge joint? Jaw What is responsible for balance? auditory nerve Which organic molecule contains both amino and carboxyl group? Protein Which structure delays messages? Thallium What is covalent bond? Share What occurs when epiglottis does not function? A person coughs because food goes into trachea A researcher is gathering large amounts of data about patients who have common disease and the effectiveness of various medications in comparison to a placebo. Which of the following types of graph is the best way for the researcher to present data? Bar Graph Which of the following Structures is shared by the male urinary and genital system? Urethra Which of the following is a response to the release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)? Water reabsorption increase of collective dust What integumentary structure produces sweat? sudoriferous gland In a double circulatory system, which of the following describes possible pathways of blood flow through pulmonary circuit? Oxygenated blood flows toward the heart from the lungs Which of the following substances is secreted by sweat glands in response to the breakdown of proteins and the formation of Ammonia? Urea What volume prevents backflow of blood from the arteries to the ventricle? Aortic and pulmonary semilunar valves Which of the following describes how RNA and DNA are used in mitosis? Leads to synthesis of protein that assist in the cell replication Which of the following describes results using a catalyst in a chemical reaction? Reaction is completed in a shorted amount of time A blood sample taken from a p+ who has infection can be expected to show? Elevated white blood cells What organelles contain its DNA and protein synthesis? Chloroplast A doctor explains to a patient he pulled a muscle in his back what could have been injured? Latissimus dots When normal atmospheric conditions are present water is cycled between liquid and gaseous states which process? Evaporation and condensation An efficient way to block protein synthesis is by inhibiting. Which of the following? Ribosomes Lithium has an atomic number of 3 and a mass number 7. Which of the following is the number of protons? 3 protons Which of the following elements has the smallest atomic radius? C -Carbon Which of the following properties of water explains its solvent abilities for certain substances? Polarity of water molecule A student conducts an experiment in which he dissolves 1 gram each of several substances in 50 ml of water. He has 12 identical plastic cups of water. He places 12 identical plastic cups of water. He places 1g of salt into 3 of the cups, 1 g of sugar into 3 of the cups, and 1g of baking soda into 3 of the remaining cups. The 3 remaining cups contain only water. He places all the cups in a freezer and records the water in each cup every 15 minutes 4 hours. Which of the following question is the student mostly likely investigating? (Line graph) What effect do different concentration of solute have of the freezing point of water. During a 56-week test 3731 patients participated in a double-blind trial. Participants did not have type 2 diabetes mellitus. One group of participants received once-daily subcutaneous injections of liraglutide at a dose of 3.0mg. The other participants received a placebo. Both groups received counseling on lifestyle modification. At the end of the 56 weeks, the body weight of each participant was determined. Which of the following best indicates the question that was being investigated in the study? How does lifestyle modification counseling affect body weight Histones are proteins associated with which of the following? DNA Which of the following types of cells suppress immune responses? Regulatory T Which of the following hormones is responsible for regulating sodium reabsorption in the kidneys? Aldosterone Which of the following organs filters excess solutes from the blood? Kidney When experimental results seem to only partly support a hypothesis, a researcher should consider which of the following? Exploring alternative explanations Which of the following types of cells are most similar in function to cytotoxic T-cells? Natural killer cells Sunlight can damage epithelial cells of the skin, but limited exposure to ultraviolet radiation results in the beneficial production of which of the following? Vitamin D Which of the following substances is secreted by sweat glands in response to breakdown of Ammonia? Urea Metabolism is known as which of the following types of respiration? Cellular respiratory Which of the following statements describes how bile salts aid during digestion? Decreases size of starches Which of the following digestive system structures releases sodium bicarbonate into the small intestine, resulting in a change in the PH of chyme from acidic to basic? Pancreas A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution which of the following describes the resulting Osmosis? There is a net flow of water out of the cell Which of the following regions of the body are the Tibia and Fibula? Crural Regions The process by which gametes combine to form a Zygote is called which of the following? Fertilization A student investigates the importance of wavelengths above 2nd below the visible? Wavelength of light is the only variable Which of the following organs releases bicarbonate as a response to the release of Secretin by the Duodenum? Pancreas Ice cubes are placed in a glass of water to cool the water.The cooling effect of the ice cubes on the water is due to the heat? From water to Ice by conduction Which of the following is an efferent neuron that is responsible for releasing a neurotransmitter that stimulates muscle cell to contract? Motor Neurons Which of the following pathway best represents the expected flow of blood from the human heart to an organ? Blood pumps from heart enters Arteries to Arterioles to Capillaries Which of the following structures in the male reproductive system a fluid that nourishes and protects sperm? Prostate Gland In a plant which Fuzzy leaves (F) are dominant over smooth leaves (f), which of the following crosses will produce ONLY offspring with SMOOTH leaves? ffxff Which of the following stem cells can differentiate into the largest number of different type cells? The sinoatrial node is where the heartbeat originates in a normally functioning cardiovascular system. It is considered the "pacemaker" of the heart. Pluripotent How many times stronger is the Hydrogen Ion concentration of a PH of 4 solution as compared with a PH 9 solution? 100,000 Emphysema caused by damage to Alveoli from toxins and pollutants is likely to result in the body? Exchanging oxygen and Carbon Dioxide A fragment of mRNA with the sequence 5’ACGCAUGGCAAAAAAAA3’ will have a template DNA 3’TGCFTACCCT’5 The mass of a sample is taken using a triple beam balance, shown above. Which of the following is the mass of the sample? Might be: Which if the following does the respiratory system eliminate when there is an excess of hydrogen ions in the body? Carbon dioxide Which of the following tissues attaches muscle to bones? Tendons are strong fibrous connective tissues that attach muscles to bones. Which of the following ions is most abundant in extracellular fluid? Sodium In a normal functioning cardiovascular system, where does the heartbeat originate? Which of the following is the iron-containing competent of a red blood cell? Hemoglobin is the iron-containing component of a red blood cell. Which of the following us the function of angiotensin II in the regulation of blood pressure? If blood pressure falls too low, angiotensin II causes vasoconstriction, which in turn causes an increase in blood pressure. Which of the following hormones or enzymes is invalid in fluid balance and is produced by the kidneys? Renin is an enzyme that is produced by the kidneys and plays a role in the regulation of fluid volume and blood pressure. Which of the following may indicate a hypersecretion of thyroid hormones? Hypersecretion of thyroid hormones may result in weight loss. Peripheral vasodilation results in heat loss through which of the following processes? Peripheral vasodilation causes heat loss through radiation, which is the transfer of heat from the surface of one object to the surface of another without direct contact. Bile aids in the digestion of which of the following? Bile is responsible for the breakdown of fats in the normally functioning gastrointestinal system. Which of the following structures, located at the end of the ear canal, vibrates when sounds waves strike it? The tympanic membrane vibrates when sound waves strike it. Which of the following structures prevents food from being aspirated into the lungs? The epiglottis is the flap-like structure that prevents food from being aspirated into the lungs. Which of the following types of muscle tissue is under voluntary control? Skeletal muscle is under voluntary control. Which of the following electrolytes plays an essential role in the clotting of blood? Calcium plays an essential role in blood coagulation. Which of the following us the function of angiotensin II in the regulation of blood pressure? Hemoglobin is the iron-containing component of a red blood cel Which of the following structures comes after the ascending colon? The transverse colon comes after the ascending colon. Which of the following is a result of stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system? Stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system results in increased cardiac output . Which of the following structures is located between the descending colon and the rectum? The sigmoid colon is located between the descending colon and the rectum. Which of the following pituitary hormones stimulates the process of gametogenesis? The effect of follicle stimulating hormone on the ovary stimulates the process of gametogenesis. Which of the following mediates the body`s response to stress? Cortisol Which of the following is the hormone that regulates urine output? Antidiuretic Straightening of the elbow but lowering the hand affects which of the following muscles? triceps brachii What is a function of the liver? lipid metabolism Which of the following statements is true about protons? The number of protons in the nucleus is the defining property of an element. Middle layer which supplies nutrients and oxygen to the epidermis? Dermis Not a layer of the skin, but instead refers to the sebaceous glands, which are small glands in the skin that secrete a lubricating oily matter ( called sebum) into the hair follicles to lubricate the skin and hair. Sebaceous Also known as the subcutaneous layer Hypodermis Deepest layer of the skin and contains fat stores? complex organic chemical that provides energy to drive many processes in living cells, (e.g. muscle contraction, nerve impulse propagation, and chemical synthesis). Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) Main structural protein in the extracellular space in the various connective tissues in the body. Collagen In which layer of the skin are the subcutaneous fat stores found? Hypodermis Most external and avascular layer of the skin? Epidermis Family of motor proteins that play roles in muscle contraction as well as a range of other motility processes in eukaryotic organisms. Myosins Certain food sources provide more urea than others. Which of the following foods would provide the most urea that would have to be filtered out of the blood via the kidneys? Proteins, such as meats and eggs Formed at the end of a series of reactions which break down the amino acids in proteins? Urea hypodermis, also known as the subcutaneous layer Which of these is not a function of mitosis? Producing gametes A well-controlled experiment was conducted where researchers noted that a new antibiotic eliminated a bacterial sinus infection. Which of the following can be inferred from this result? The medication killed the bacteria responsible for the sinus infection. Which of the following is a carbohydrate?cules. Cellulose A congenital disorder of defective or deficient collagen synthesis due to genetic mutations. Brittle Bone Disease A substance with no definite volume and no definite shape. Solids and liquids have volumes that do not change easily? Gas Has a definite shape and volume. There are two kinds of solids—crystalline and amorphous. Solid Can occupy whatever shape their container has, so they do not have a fixed shape. Liquids Which of the following organs functions as both the implantation site of a fertilized ovum and the pathway for sperm to reach the uterine tubes? Uterus Serve as the passageway for an ovum from the ovaries and is the site of fertilization? fallopian tubes The female copulatory organ that also serves as the outlet for menstrual flow and the passageway for childbirth. vagina inferior narrow portion of the uterus where sperm capacitation occurs prior to fertilization. A chronic inflammation of joints due to autoimmune destruction of articular cartilage is called? Rheumatoid arthritis Also an inflammatory condition of joints, but is due to wear-and-tear of cartilage that lines the articular ends of bones. Osteoarthritis An imbalance in bone remodeling where bone resorption exceeds bone formation resulting in porous and fragile bones. Osteoporosis The carries oxygen depleted blood away from the heart, while the carries oxygen-rich blood back towards the heart. pulmonary artery; pulmonary vein Once the blood is oxygenated in the lungs, it returns to the heart at the through the ? left atrium, pulmonary vein Once blood has been oxygenated and returns to the side of the heart, it can be ejected by the left ventricle throughout the body via the . left, aorta The returns oxygen depleted blood to the right atrium. vena cava, Which of the following characteristics applies to the bonds holding together nonpolar covalent molecules? They occur when two atoms share a pair of electrons with each other Which of the following organelles is responsible for digesting damaged cellular structures, as well as macromolecules and bacteria ingested by the cell? Lysosomes Responsible for the transport of proteins within and out of the cell? Golgi Apparatus The organelles responsible for converting nutrients to energy as ATP? Mitochondria Where synthesized proteins are processed and sorted? Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Cervix Which of the following is not a function of pancreatic juice? Increase acidity of stomach contents Which of the following occurs when a person is in a stressful condition? Mobilization of glucose from liver into the bloodstream Vibrio cholerae is a bacteria that causes the disease cholera. Disease-causing agents such as V. cholerae is referred to as a(n) . Pathogen A gene for eye color in humans has 3 alleles: EB, EBl, and EG, for brown, blue, and green eyes, respectively. If an individual is EB/EG, is she homozygous or heterozygous for eye color? Heterozygous As air is inhaled, the sequence in which it passes through the respiratory tract is best described by which of the following choices? Nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles Which of the following parts of neurons is correctly paired with its function? axon / sends stimulus to axon terminal Which of the following is the correct order of structures that transport urine from the collecting ducts to the urethra? Collecting ducts, Minor calyces, Major calyces, Renal pelvis, Ureter, Urinary bladder, Urethra The primary function of the is to deliver blood to the brain. carotid artery the following is not a monosaccharide? Maltose Diastole is the term that describes , while systole represents . relaxing and filling; contraction and ejection Which of following glands in the skin is not correctly paired with its secretion? Ceruminous glands/ sebum Overproduction of thyroid hormone due to a malfunction of the negative feedback loop would result in which of the following conditions? Hyperthyroidism is an inflammatory conditions of the joints brought on by the gradualwearand-tear of cartilage that lines the articular ends of bones. Osteoarthritis Which of the following causes bone matrix synthesis and calcification? Osteoblasts Movement of molecules in a substance depends on energy. Heat Which of the following correctly pairs structure and function? stomach / chemical digestion The basic function of the renal system includes filtration, secretion, reabsorption, and excretion. Which of the following substances is secreted by the nephrons and can be found in the filtrate that is eventually excreted? Creatinine Which of the following digestive organs contains vitamin-producing bacteria? Large intestine Which of the following types of tissues functions in the covering, lining, and protection of surfaces and body cavities? Epithelial tissue Which of the following is happening during a contraction of the diaphragm? A decrease in alveolar pressure Which of the following types of muscles are involuntary? cardiac and visceral Which of the following cell organelles is correctly paired with its function? Ribosome/ Protein synthesis Joe is blood type A and Ivone is type O. Their son Tomas is type A. What could be Tomas's genotype? iA/i Which of the following is the result of deficient production of thyrotropin-releasing hormone? The thyroid gland will produce an insufficient amount of thyroid hormones Which of the following statements is true about understanding magnitude when describing relationships? The magnitude of the number represents the strength of the correlation Which tool is best suited to measure the length of a bedroom? Tape measure Which of the following is a carbohydrate? Cellulose complex organic chemical that provides energy to drive many processes in living cells, (e.g. muscle contraction, nerve impulse propagation, and chemical synthesis). Adenosine triphosphate the main structural protein in the extracellular space in the various connective tissues in the body. Collagen a family of motor proteins that play roles in muscle contraction as well as a range of other motility processes in eukaryotic organisms. Myosins The is a double layered membrane that lines the lungs. pleura the lining of the heart Pericardium a single air sac that makes up the alveoli, where the majority of gas exchange occurs in the lung. alveolus Which of the following incorrectly describes neurons? Sensory neurons carry information away from the brain The respiratory system is composed of organs that facilitate gas exchange between the blood and the external environment. Which of the following describes the group of organs that function during gas exchange? Organ system a collection of specialized cells that perform a specific functions (e.g. protection, support, nerve conduction and movement). Tissues A group of tissues that has a specialized function is referred to as an organ A group of organs that work together to perform several related functions is an organ system Which of the following statements is true about covalent bonds? Covalent bonds form from the sharing of electrons between atoms chemical bond that is formed when two atoms share electrons in their outermost shells. covalent bond Which of the following structures is correctly paired with its description? Prostate gland/ secretion of fluid that contributes to sperm motility and viability secretes fluid that contributes to sperm motility and viability. prostate gland secretes an alkaline, viscous fluid that contains fructose, prostaglandins, and clotting proteins. seminal vesicle transports sperm from the epididymis to the urethra. Vas deferens transports both urine and semen (in males). urethra The molecular formula for baking soda is NaHCO3 This molecule is made up of 6 and 4 ? atoms; elements DNA is composed of . Two long polynucleotide chains twisted in a double helix Which of the following is true of the function of endocrine system? It coordinates body processes through hormones Which of the following statements is not true regarding hormones and their target sites? The Luteinizing hormone is produced by the posterior pituitary gland to stimulate ovulation and the production of testosterone. Which of the following correctly describes the difference between compact bone and spongy bone? Spongy bone is lighter than compact bone Which of the following describes cellular respiration? It is an oxidative catabolic activity is a reaction that uses energy to build molecules the organism needs. anabolic reaction breaks down complex molecules into smaller molecules to create energy for the organism to use. catabolic reaction when an element loses one or more electrons to oxygen. Oxidation when an element gains one or more electrons. Reduction the process in which a cell takes in oxygen and uses it to break down glucose to create energy in the form of ATP. Cellular respiration Balance the following chemical equation: CH4 + Cl2 → CCl4 + HCl CH4 + 4Cl2 → CCl4 + 4HCl Which of the following does not describe the epidermis? The deepest layer of the skin Which of the following is necessary to reach a sound conclusion? The collected data must be accurate and free from bias Which of the following is an example of empirical data? Counting the number of eggs in the refrigerator White blood cells contain many because they need to dispose of harmful intruders such as bacteria and viruses. Which of the following options correctly completes the statement above? lysosomes the organelles responsible for generating energy-rich molecules for the cell. Mitochondria collects small molecules and combines them to make more complex molecules within the cell. Golgi apparatus responsible for protein synthesis. Ribosomes Which of the following can be classified as an intensive property? Density any characteristic of matter that does not depend on the amount of the substance present. intensive property Examples of are density and color. intensive properties any characteristic of matter that depends on the amount of matter being measured. extensive property Examples of are mass and volume. extensive properties Which of these nitrogenous bases are found in DNA? Cytosine, adenine, guanine, thymine Which of the following is the process by which gametes divide and produce half the number of chromosomes found in a somatic cell? Meiosis The male and female sex cell which contain half set of chromosomes. Gametes the process of union of male and female gametes which result to a fertilized egg, or zygote, which contains a full set of chromosomes. Fertilization Which of the following is a characteristic of the innate immune system? It consists of non-specific barriers and cellular responses The is comprised of non-specific barriers and cellular responses that acts immediately following infection. innate immune system present at birth and its action is not specific to certain pathogens. innate immune system The , on the other hand, develops highly specialized cells in response to specific pathogens in order to eliminate them or prevent their growth. acute immune system The term refers to the contraction of smooth muscle in the digestive system that moves food along the GI tract. Peristalsis refers to the constriction of blood vessels and is not directly related to digestive function. Vasoconstriction the muscular contraction of the smooth muscle layers of the stomach that moves food around to ensure its interaction with digestive juices. Segmentation the countermovement to peristalsis where the smooth muscle contracts pushing esophageal contents back towards the mouth. This usually occurs just prior to vomiting. Retroperistalsis Which of the following is true? The male gametes are called sperm and contain a half set of chromosomes. The , or eggs, are the female gametes and contain half of a set of chromosomes ova are the male gametes which also contain half of a set of chromosomes. Sperm the female reproductive organs, which produce the female gametes. Ovaries In males, the reproductive organs responsible for producing gametes are the . Testes Of the following organs, which has both endocrine and digestive functions? Pancreas has both endocrine and digestive functions because it secretes the hormones insulin and glucagon, as well as various digestive proteases, amylases and lipases. Pancreas is a part of the small intestine and does not secrete any hormones or have any endocrine function. Duodenum is a part of the large intestine and does not secrete any hormones or have any endocrine function. Colon is connected to the liver and does not secrete any hormones or have any endocrine function. Gallbladder Certain food sources provide more urea than others. Which of the following foods would provide the most urea that would have to be filtered out of the blood via the kidneys? Proteins, such as meats and eggs Newborn babies are given several types of vaccines in order to protect them from acquiring diseases. Which of the following is responsible for this immunity process? Active immunity Vaccination is an which involves exposure to a killed or weakened form of the disease in order to trigger production of antibodies. active immunity temporary protection from diseases brought by introduction of antibodies from another person. Passive immunity comprised of non-specific barriers and cellular responses that acts immediately following infection. innate immune system An refers to a condition wherein immune cells function abnormally and attack molecular components of the body's own organs. autoimmune disease Which of the following is responsible for destroying various unhealthy host cells, including those infected with a virus or bacteria? Natural killer cells responsible for initiating immune responses by presenting antigens to T-cells. Dendritic cells cells of the adaptive immune system that directly attack antigens and produce antibodies, respectively. T-cells and B-cell Which of the following parts and divisions of the nervous system is correctly paired? autonomic division/ peripheral nervous system comprised of the brain and spinal cord central nervous system is made up of the somatic and autonomic divisions. peripheral nervous system How many meters in a kilometer? 1000 A survey must contact 136 people via phone calls. How many buttons must be pushed to make the 136 long distance calls? 1360 A mans waist measurement is 88.9 centimeters. What is his waist in inches? 35 Given the media coverage surrounding climate change, most people are aware of this environmental issue. One that is less well known but may become just as crucial is "peak oil." What is peak oil? Simply put, it is the point at which the world production of oil reaches its highest point and begins a steady, irreversible decline. This has been known for some time. Hubbert's Curve (1956), named for the scientist who formulated it, predicted that U.S. production would peak around 1970. He was off by 1 year. Since 1971-2, the oil production of the United States has been gradually declining. To introduce the subject matter by comparing it to a familiar issue responsible for synthesis of proteins. Ribosomes houses the genetic material and is responsible for cellular division, not intracellular digestion. Nucleus the powerhouse of the cell, wherein ATP is generated. They are not involved in cell division. Mitochondria contain digestive and hydrolytic enzymes which is essential for breaking down of molecules. Lysosomes are not involved in ATP production. Lysosomes Which organelle is responsible for storing DNA? Nucleus Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum where synthesized proteins are processed and sorted. Golgi Apparatus responsible for the transport of proteins within and out of the cell. Lysosomes responsible for digesting molecules/ substances being transported inside the cell from the outside. organelles is responsible for digesting damaged cellular structures, as well as macromolecules and bacteria ingested by the cell? Lysosomes responsible for the transport of proteins within and out of the cell. Golgi Apparatus are the organelles responsible for converting nutrients to energy as ATP. Mitochondria responsible for intracellular digestion of damaged structures, macromolecules, and bacteria. Lysosomes where synthesized proteins are processed and sorted. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum describes cellular respiration It is an oxidative catabolic activity anabolic reaction uses energy to build molecules the organism needs. catabolic reaction breaks down complex molecules into smaller molecules to create energy for the organism to use. Oxidation when an element loses one or more electrons to oxygen Reduction when an element gains one or more electrons. process in which a cell takes in oxygen and uses it to break down glucose to create energy in the form of ATP. Cellular respiration Which of the following types of tissues functions in the covering, lining, and protection of surfaces and body cavities? Epithelial tissue functions in facilitating voluntary and involuntary movements. Muscle tissue responsible for the support and protection of tissues and organs. Connective tissue responsible for transmitting nerve impulses. Nerve tissue The respiratory system is composed of organs that facilitate gas exchange between the blood and the external environment. Which of the following describes the group of organs that function during gas exchange? Organ system collection of specialized cells that perform a specific functions (e.g. protection, support, nerve conduction and movement). Tissues A group of organs that work together to perform several related functions is organ system. A group of tissues that has a specialized function is referred to as an organ. White blood cells contain many because they need to dispose of harmful intruders such as bacteria and viruses. Which of the following options correctly completes the statement above? Lysosomes Which of the following organ systems is correctly paired with its function? Endocrine/ regulation of homeostasis through hormone signaling responsible for obtaining nutrients through the breakdown and absorption of food. Digestive system responsible for transport of substance to all tissues of the body. Circulatory system primarily responsible for waste elimination. Excretory system Which of the following correctly describes anatomical position? Upright, arms at sides, palms facing anteriorly HIV is a virus that destroys the body's defense against diseases by inserting itself into the host's DNA. In which part of the infected host cell will HIV virus be found? Nucleus Osteoblasts are specialized cells that secrete the protein collagen and other substances necessary for bone formation. Which of the following organelles is more likely to be predominant in osteoblasts? Ribosomes responsible for ATP production and are considered the powerhouse of the cell. Mitochondria organelles that contain digestive enzymes. They digest excess or worn out cell parts, food, and engulfed viruses or bacteria. Lysosomes the "control center" that is responsible for directing the overall activity of the cell. The nucleus contains most of the cell's DNA nucleus two types of cell division Mitosis and meiosis is a process where a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells. The major purpose of is to replace worn-out and damaged cells. mitosis - mitosis is a process where a single cell divides twice to produce four cells containing half the original amount of genetic information. The purpose of is to create sex cells - sperm in males, eggs in females. Meiosis - Meiosis is the cellular process of transporting substances out of the cell. Exocytosis is the cellular process of taking substance into the cell. Endocytosis Which of the following is not located on the anterior region of the human body? Vertebral column Which of the types of tissue is responsible for providing the matrix that supports and connects other tissues of the the body? Connective tissue is responsible for transmitting nerve impulse. Nerve tissue functions as lining and covering of body surfaces and cavities. Epithelial tissue functions in facilitating voluntary and involuntary movements. Muscle tissue Which of the following is the name of the imaginary vertical plane that equally divides the body into left and right? Sagittal The is an imaginary vertical plane that divides the body into front (anterior) and back (posterior). Coronal plane The is an imaginary plane at right angle with coronal and sagittal planes and it divides the body into superior and inferior. horizontal, or transverse, plane Which of the following steps of protein synthesis occurs in the nucleus? Transcription to mRNA Which of the following describes the function of Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum? Synthesis and transport of proteins is studded with ribosomes and, as such, assists in the synthesis and transport of proteins. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum ATP production is a function of the mitochondria while is performed by lysosomes. intracellular digestion Entry and exit of substances is facilitated by the . cell membrane Which of the following is the largest organ of the human body? Skin - A patient in a sleep clinic has a prescription for a continuous positive airway pressure machine for sleep apnea. She would like a lifetime warranty… *75 The head is to the neck. Superior means that the structure is closer to the surface of the body. Superficial indicates that the structure is located at a relatively higher position while denotes a relatively lower position. Superior, inferior