Pass the Big ABA Exam- Section 2 FALL 2022

Pass the Big ABA Exam- Section 2 Response Correct Answer: A single instance of behavior, its a measurable unit of analysis in the science of behavior Behavior Correct Answer: Larger set/class of responses that sh ...

Pass the Big ABA Exam- Section 2 Response Correct Answer: A single instance of behavior, its a measurable unit of analysis in the science of behavior Behavior Correct Answer: Larger set/class of responses that share physical dimensions or functions Response Class Correct Answer: A group of behaviors that comprise an operant (have the same function) Repertoire Correct Answer: All the behaviors an individual can do, its a collection of knowledge and skills an individual has learned that are relevant to a particular task Environment Correct Answer: Complex, dynamic universe of events that differs from instance to instance Stimuli Correct Answer: Physical events that affect the behavior of an individual internal or external Correct Answer: Stimuli may be what to the individual? Stimulus Correct Answer: An energy change that affects an organism through its receptor cells prior to, during, or after a behavior Correct Answer: Stimuli may occur when? formally, temporally, and functionally Correct Answer: Stimuli may be described which 3 ways? Proprioceptive Interoceptive Exteroceptive Correct Answer: 3 types of nervous systems that are affected by stimuli Proprioceptive Correct Answer: Stimulation from joints, tendons, muscles, etc., necessary for posture, balance, and movement (related to internal events) *NS Interoceptive Correct Answer: Stimulation from organs; related to internal events *NS Exteroceptive Correct Answer: Related to the 5 senses *NS A group of antecedent stimuli that has a common effect on an operant class Correct Answer: Stimulus class Formal Temporal Functional Correct Answer: 3 types of stimulus classes Formal Correct Answer: Physical features of stimuli (topography) Examples: size, color, intensity, weight, and spatial positions *type of stimulus class Temporal Correct Answer: Refers to time *type of stimulus class Antecedent Correct Answer: Stimulus changes that exist or occur prior to the behavior of interest Consequence Correct Answer: Stimulus changes that follow a behavior of interest Functional Correct Answer: The effect of the stimulus on the behavior Example: hearing a buzz may mean you have a text message on your phone or your laptop battery is running low *type of stimulus class Feature Stimulus Class Correct Answer: Stimulus in this class can share common topographies, common relative relations, infinite number of stimuli. Examples: Concept of dog, house, tree, onion, bigger than, smaller than, on top of Arbitrary Stimulus Class Correct Answer: Stimuli comprising this class evoke the same response, but they do not share a common stimulus feature. They do not physically look alike or share a relative relationships. There is limited number of stimuli. Examples: apple, orange, and bananas all comprise a class of fruit Stimulus Generalization Correct Answer: Feature stimulus class is developed through what? Stimulus Equivalence Correct Answer: Arbitrary Stimulus Class is developed through what? Automaticity of reinforcement and punishment Correct Answer: A person does not have to know what a consequence means for it to work! Future behavior Correct Answer: Consequences only effect what kind of behavior? Automatic Reinforcement Correct Answer: Reinforcement that occurs independent of the social mediation of others, other people do not deliver the consequence Automatic Punishment Correct Answer: Punishment that occurs independent of the social mediation of others, other people do not deliver the consequence! Negative Automatic Reinforcement Correct Answer: Scratching an insect bite to stop an itch. In the future, when the insects attack you, you scratch the bites more often. What is this an example of? Positive Automatic Reinforcement Correct Answer: You taste salty caramel brownies for the first time and now you bake them all the time at home. What is this an example of? Negative Automatic Punishment Correct Answer: You wear a cashmere sweater that is very itchy to your skin, so in the future you do not wear cashmere sweaters. What is this example of? Positive Automatic Punishment Correct Answer: You wear a rubber band around your wrist and smack yourself whenever you say a curse word. What is this an example of? Positive Reinforcement Correct Answer: A process that occurs when a behavior is followed immediately by the presentation of a stimulus that increases the future frequency of the behavior in similar conditions (baby increased hitting the mobile with his hands because it made a pretty sound the baby liked) Edible Activity Tangible Social Sensory Correct Answer: 5 types of Positive Reinforcers Negative Reinforcement Correct Answer: A process that occurs when a behavior is followed immediately by the reduction or removal of a stimulus that increases the future frequency of the behavior in similar conditions (heather takes an asprin and her headache stops) Escape Avoidance Correct Answer: 2 types of Negative Reinforcement Escape Correct Answer: A response that stops an ongoing aversive stimulus, (Examples: turning off the loud music in your car or when you walk out of a boring lecture) Avoidance Correct Answer: A response that prevents or postpones the presentation of a stimulus Discriminated Avoidance Free-Operant Avoidance Correct Answer: 2 Types of Avoidance Discriminated Avoidance Correct Answer: A contingency in which responding in the presence of a signal prevents the onset of a stimulus from which escape is a reinforcer (you check how traffic is on the freeway and you take another route) Free-Operant Avoidance Correct Answer: A contingency in which responses at any time during the interval prior to the scheduled onset of an aversive stimulus delays the presentation of the aversive stimulus. (one morning you just wake up and decide not to take your normal route to work. you didn't check the traffic) Unconditioned Reinforcer/Reinforcement Correct Answer: A stimulus change that can increase the future frequency of behavior without prior pairing with any other form of reinforcement, no learning history is required. (food, water) Phylogeny Correct Answer: UCR's are products of what? Conditioned Reinforcer/Reinforcement Correct Answer: When a previously neutral stimulus acquires the ability to function as a reinforcer through stimulus-stimulus pairing with one or more unconditioned or conditioned reinforcers, learning history is required (tone when food is presented to the dogs) Ontogeny Correct Answer: CR's are products of what? Generalized Conditioned Reinforcer Correct Answer: A type of conditioned reinforcer that has been paired with many unconditioned and conditioned reinforcers, does not depend on a motivating operation for its effectiveness (money, token economies) Punishment Correct Answer: When a response is followed immediately by a stimulus that decreases the future frequency of similar responses.