SSHS Physical Geology - Mass Wasting-2022

creep - ANSWER Very slow, continuous downslope movement of soil or debris. debris - ANSWER Any unconsolidated material at Earth's surface. debris avalanche - ANSWER Very rapid and turbulent mass wasting of debris, ...

creep - ANSWER Very slow, continuous downslope movement of soil or debris. debris - ANSWER Any unconsolidated material at Earth's surface. debris avalanche - ANSWER Very rapid and turbulent mass wasting of debris, air, and water. debris fall - ANSWER A free-falling mass of debris. debris flow - ANSWER Mass wasting in which motion is taking place throughout the moving mass (flow). The common varieties are earthflow, mudflow, and debris avalanche. debris slide - ANSWER Rapid movement of debris as a coherent mass. earthflow - ANSWER Slow-to-rapid mass wasting in which debris moves downslope as a very viscous fluid. fall - ANSWER The situation in mass wasting that occurs when material free-falls or bounces down a cliff. flow - ANSWER A type of movement that implies that a descending mass is moving downslope as a viscous fluid. landslide - ANSWER The general term for a slowly to very rapidly descending mass of rock or debris. mass wasting - ANSWER Movement, caused by gravity, in which bedrock, rock debris, or soil moves downslope in bulk. mudflow - ANSWER A flowing mixture of debris and water, usually moving down a channel. permafrost - ANSWER Ground that remains permanently frozen for many years. relief - ANSWER The vertical distance between points on Earth's surface. rock avalanche - ANSWER A very rapidly moving, turbulent mass of broken-up bedrock. rockfall - ANSWER Rock falling freely or bouncing down a cliff. rockslide - ANSWER Rapid sliding of a mass of bedrock along an inclined surface of weakness. rotational slide (slump) - ANSWER In mass wasting, movement along a curved surface in which the upper part moves vertically downward while the lower part moves outward. Also called a slump. shear force - ANSWER In mass wasting, the component of gravitational force that is parallel to an inclined surface. shear strength - ANSWER In mass wasting, the resistance to movement or deformation of material. slide - ANSWER In mass wasting, movement of a relatively coherent descending mass along one or more well-defined surfaces. solifluction - ANSWER Flow of water saturated debris over impermeable material. talus pile - ANSWER An accumulation of broken rock at the base of a cliff. the Earth destroys. - ANSWER Whatever the Earth builds up, ________________. Steep slopes, high relief, great thickness of soils over bedrock, planes parallel to hillside slopes, freezing and thawing events, soils saturated with water, long periods of drought with rare episodes of heavy precipitation, sparse vegetation. - ANSWER Factors that contribute to mass wasting events. Earthquakes, weight added to upper part of slope, undercutting the bottom of a slope, and heavy rainfall. - ANSWER What are the four main triggering mechanisms for mass wasting events? Broken pipes, damaged walls, damaged foundations, tilted trees and power poles, damage to grave stones. - ANSWER What affects does creep have on structures? Use retaining walls, don't oversteepen slopes, remove material that is prone to sliding or falling, don't remove vegetation. - ANSWER What are some methods to prevent mass wasting? There are numerous examples of mass wasting events such as debris flows and avalanches, slides, and erosion. - ANSWER What evidence to we have that there was once water on Mars? Creep, flow, slide, fall - ANSWER Order of mass wasting events from slowest to the fastest. By examining mass wasting events on Mars, what have scientists concluded about the geology and the history of Mars' past? - ANSWER Mars must have been covered with large quantities of water. A region prone to frequent earthquakes is ____. - ANSWER less likely to have debris flows. List the following flow terms in the order of decreasing velocity (fastest first): mudflow, debris avalanche, creep, and earthflow. - ANSWER debris avalanche, mudflow, earthflow, creep _____ is the flow of water-saturated soil over impermeable material. - ANSWER Solifluction Which mass wasting event has been the most costly in terms of lives and dollars in the United States? - ANSWER Landslides Mudflows are more/less likely to occur in arid regions than in wet climates. - ANSWER more What is the difference between mass wasting and erosion? - ANSWER Erosion tends to be slow and moves small amounts of materials while mass wasting tends to be fast and removes large amounts of material. How do geologists, engineers, and others classify mass wasting events? - ANSWER rate of movement, type of material, type of movement Why isn't the land surface of Earth flat after millions of years of erosion and mass wasting? - ANSWER Because the processes of building and plate tectonics are still uplifting the Earth's surface.