ATI PN Med Surg Key concepts Review

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ATI PN Med Surg Key concepts Review Better peripheral perfusion? - Elevate veins, D-Angle Arteries Airborne precautions protective equip - private room, neg pressure with 6-12 air exchanges/hr mask ... & respirator N95 for TB;measles, chickenpox (varicella) Herpes zoster/shingles TB Droplet precautions - spiderman! sepsis, scarlet fever, streptococcal pharyngitis, parvovirus, pneumonia, pertussis, influenza, diptheria, epiglottitis, rubella, mumps, meningitis, mycoplasma or meningeal pneumonia, adeNovirus (Private room and mask) Contact precautions - Protect visitors & caregivers when 3 ft of the pt. Multidrug-resistant organisms RSV, Shigella, Wound infections, Herpes simplex, Impetigo, Scabies, Enteric diseases caused by microorganisms (C diff), Gloves and gowns worn by the caregivers and visitors Disposal of infectious dressing material into a single, nonporous bag without touching the outside of the bag PMGG= Private room/ share same illness, mask, gown and gloves Skin infections- *VCHIPS* - Varicella zoster Cutaneous diptheria Herpes simplezImpetigo Peduculosis Scabies Air or Pulmonary Embolism - S/S chest pain, dyspnea, tachycardia, pale/cyanotic, sense of impending doom. Tube feeding with decreased LOC - Pt on Right side (promotes emptying of the stomach) Head of bed elevated (prevent aspiration) After lumbar puncture - pt is flat SUPINE (prevent headache and leaking of CSF) After Cataract surgery - pt sleep on UNAFFECTED side with a night shield for *1-4 weeks* After Thyroidectomy - low or semi-fowler's position, support head, neck and shoulders. After total hip replacement - don't sleep on side of surgery, don't flex hip more than 45-60 degress, don't elevate Head Of Bed more than 45 degrees. Maintain hip abduction by separating thighs with pillows. To prevent dumping syndrome - (post operative ulcer/stomach surgeries) eat in reclining position. Lie down after meals for 20-30 min. also restrict fluids during meals, low CHO and fiber diet. small, frequent meals. AKA (above knee amputation) - elevate for first 24 hours on pillow. position prone daily to maintain hip extension. BKA (below knee amputation) - foot of bed elevated for first 24 hours. position prone to provide hip extension. administration of enema - pt should be left side lying (Sim's) with knee flexed.Autonomic Dysreflexia/Hyperreflexia - S/S pounding headache, profuse sweating, nasal congestion, chills, bradycardia, hypertension. Place client in sitting position (elevate HOB) FIRST! Head Injury - elevate HOB 30 degrees to decrease ICP Prior to Liver biopsy - must have lab results for prothrombin time; clotting labs Myxedema/ hypothyroidism - slowed physical and mental function, sensitivity to cold, dry skin and hair. Weight gain Grave's Disease/ hyperthyroidism - accelerated physical and mental function. Sensitivity to heat. Fine/soft hair. Weight loss Thyroid storm - increased temp, pulse and HTN Post-Thyroidectomy - semi-fowler's. Prevent neck flexion/hyperextension. Trach at bedside Hypo-parathyroid - CATS---Convulsions, Arrhythmias, Tetany, Spasms, Stridor. (decreased calcium) give high calcium, low phosphorus diet Hyper-parathyroid - fatigue, muscle weakness, renal calculi, back and joint pain (increased calcium) give a low calcium high phosphorous diet Hypovolemia - increased temp, rapid/weak pulse, increase respiration, hypotension, anxiety. Urine specific gravity >1.030 Hypervolemia - bounding pulse, SOB, dyspnea, rales/crackles, peripheral edema, HTN, urine specific gravity <1.010. semi fowler's [Show More]

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