Community Exam 1 2021 (ATI + slides). Elaborative questions and answers

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Community Exam 1 2021 (ATI + slides). Elaborative questions and answers Community-Oriented VS. Community-Based - Community-Oriented: Focus is on "health care" of individuals, families, and groups i ... n community Community-Based: Manage acute and chronic conditions/Focus is on "illness care" of individuals and families across the life span (usually one-on-one) What is Public Health? - - A scientific discipline that includes the study of epidemiology, statistics, and assessment - ensure that conditions exist in which people can be healthy What are the benefits of public health? - - Increased life expectancy - Decreased deaths from strokes, cancer, heart disease, etc 3 public health core functions - 1. Assessment- Systematic data collection on the population 2. Policy Development- develop policies that support the health of the population 3. Assurance- Making sure that essential community-oriented health services are available The primary focus that has differentiated public health nursing from other specialties - the emphasis on the population rather than on single individuals or families The DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PHN AND OTHER FORMS OF NURSING - - In public health nursing, the nurse often reaches out to those who might benefit from a service or intervention - In other forms of nursing, the client is more likely to seek out and request assistance Primary goal of Public Health - the prevention of disease and disability and it is achieved by ensuring that conditions exist in which people can remain healthythe feature that distinguishes public health nursing from other specialties - The focus on populations in the community and the emphasis on health protection, health promotion, and disease prevention Population definition - A collection of individuals who share one or more personal or environmental characteristics The term population may be used interchangeably with what term? - aggregate Subpopulation definition - Subsets of the population who share similar characteristics - For example, people older than 65 years who live in a residential home would be a subpopulation of a larger population of older persons in the community Community definition - People and the relationships that emerge among them as they develop and use in common some agencies and institutions and share a physical environment Types of practice: Individual, family, and group focused - - Focus is on providing services to individuals rather than a population, while maintaining an appreciation for the values of the community - Example: Developmental screening tests of children in the Head Start preschool program to evaluate each child Types of practice: Population focused - - Emphasizes health protection, health promotion, and disease prevention of a population -Example: Look at children in the Head Start preschool program to evaluate if the program is achieving its goals primary prevention - both primary care and public health services that are designed to meet the basic needs of people in communities at an affordable cost secondary prevention - services designed to detect and treat disease in the early acute stage tertiary prevention - services designed to limit the progression of disease or disabilityCurrent trend is to move more care into community settings and to reduce the number of hospital days for "sick" clients. 2 main reasons: - - Community care is less expensive - Community care is more appealing; people prefer to be at home rather than be treated in a hospital Elizabethan Poor Law of 1601 - guaranteed medical care for poor, blind, and "lame" individuals; this care tried to regulate the poor as well as to provide care during illness. [Show More]

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