BIOL 100 | All Modules 1 to Module 45 Compiled Questions and Answers.

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BIOL 100 | Module 1 to Module 45 Compiled Questions and Answers. F Has anybody taken the final yet? I did got a 69 my set of questions had a lot on diseases Use pastebin there are some answers that... are in this doc! ​Link?? http://pastebin.com/EQNi5gnN​ -> Thanks (: https://www.coursehero.com/file/14935618/FINAL-ANSWERSpdf/​ USE THIS LINK! The ‘unformatted text preview’ at the bottom has alot of the answers from the final that aren’t in here. most 1. Protein metabolism 2. Is Lipid metabolism 3. Protein, carbohydrate lipid metabolism all produce the same 4. amount. 5. Carbohydrate metabolis 6. Free oxygen radicals When you drink water, what structure first transports it to all cells. = Aquaporinsthre The primary drivers of all life is/are (be complete with your answer) ^Development will cause levels to promote the production of AT Pof DNA or RNA to only control reproduction but not energy production Which of the following is the beginning of metastasis?? ​Help pls its B (thank you!​cancer cells from the primary tumor spread to the lymph only a. N an Cancer cells spread to surrounding tiss ​ Cancer cells produce digestive enzymes b. Break down the healthy tissue around the tumor How do brain stem neurons play a role in respiration? a. Control diaphragm and other muscles of ventilation b. Control the opening and closing of the nosef c. None of these d. Sense toxic gases and will obstruct the airway ANSWER? Q: which parts of the brain contribute to our social behavior? a. Orbitofrontal cortex insulin is b. Mirror neurons c. All of these are correct d. amygdala incQ: which of the following is the process of movement of genes in and out a population? a. Fitness b. Genetic drift c. Heredity d. Gene flow Q: Matt’s blood sugar levels are very low as he is swimming in the waters off of Point Loma. He begins to drown and does not have much oxyn in his blood. Which of the following ? a. Oxidative phosphorylationInsulin b. Glycolysis c. Krebs cycle d. Glucagon SO WHATS THE ANSWER? Q: The process of cell death is called? A: Apoptosis I HAD QUESTIONS THAT HAD REPEATED ANSWERS WHAT THE HECK Which of the following describes convergent evolution? A: seperate evolutionary lineages evolved similar features tht are the result of common environments Q: The validity of scientific data is supported by control experiments and repetition of experiments. Concerning the case being made for global warming from a scientific point of view, which of the following is correct? A: (A) Although there are no control experiment, data from the environment suggest that the earth is warming very quickly. Q: After NADH Loses it’s hydrogen ion at the electron transport syatem, the hydrogen ion subsequently does which of the following? A: Q: Within James’ body ther​e are different chemical reactions taking place. As he eats his rack of lamb the food is metabolized to maintain his energy. This ongoing process causes an addition of hydrogen ions as well as electrons to make ATP. What is the name of this process? A. Reproduction B. Ventilation C. Oxidation incD. Homeostasis E. reductions Q: which of the following is not a teratogen? 1. Pesticides 2. Radiation 3. Syphilis 4. Vitamin A 5. Gatorade Q:​which of the following organelles has its own DNA but not the form of Double helix and makes ATP? A) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum B) None of these answers C) Golgi complex D) Mitochondria Q which of the following organelles is not directly involved in the production of proteins? A: nucleus B: Rough endoplasmic reticulum C: ​Plasma membrane D: Golgi complex A contagious agent is described as… a. An infectious pathogen that is hereditary b. An infectious pathogen that can kill a host without the pathogen dying as well c. An infectious pathogen that can be used as a vaccine d. An infectious pathogen that can be transmitted from one person or species to another Which of the following comprises pus? a. Dying epithelial cells b. Dying hepatocytes c. Dying phagocytes a. have inherent systems to counteract these changes b. The ph of the ocean can become more acidic or basic but ut will not harm oceanic plants and animals since they have inherent systems to counteract these changes c. Depending on how much it becomes more acidic or alkaline it can influence the chemical structures and chemical reactions of both oceanic plants and animals Where are MHC class II cells found? a. Antigen cells b. T cells incc. B cells d. All cells Edema in the pulmonary circulation refers to which of the following? a. Additional fluid in the trachea b. Additional intracellular fluid c. Additional capillary fluid d. Additional interstitial fluid e. Additional surfactant What does a phagocyte use to destroy a microbe? a. B cells b. Dopamine c. Lysosomes d. ribosomes Which of the following is the property that limits the ability of land to store heat? a. High specific heat b. Land covers the earth more than water c. High fluidity d. Low specific heatthree elements Q: Which of the following ins not a major component of the climate system? 1. Atmosphere 2. Biosphere 3. Mantle of the earth ​ -probably this one but idk 4. ocean Q: when a person faints, which system more t likely failed. 1. heart stopped beating for 15 seconds 2. veins didn’t send enough back to the right side of the heart 3. barorceptor reflex did not work 4. sympathetic nervous system caused a vasodilation Q: what is an av shunt? 1. an av shunt is a short vessel that allows blood to flow directly from the vein to the artery, bypassing the capillaries 2. an av shunt is made of small bands of smooth muscle that can be regulated by the autonomic nervous system 3. coronary arteries 4. an av shunt is a short vessel that shows blood to flow directly from artery to the vein, bypassing the capillaries inc5. an av shunt is when vessels constrict and therefore restricts blood flow into the capillary bed Q: A new coach tells his team that the reason they get fatigued after three exercise is because they do not have enough oxygen in their red blood cells. He has no data to support his position t. Therefore his advice is? 1. Valid since he knows how fatigued people act 2. Not valid since has has not collected any data to support his claim 3. Not valid since he has not reproduced the findings 4. Valid since he is an expert working with people The cocaine in plants activates many different cells and organs in insects. Specifically, in terms of its activation of insect neurons, which of the following is correct? Cocaine directly affects which of the following? 1. Nicotine receptors on the plasma membrans of all cells 2. Nicotine receptors on the mitochondra of brain cells 3. Nucleus of cell 4. Nicotine recpetors on the plasma membrane of brain cells 5. Nicotine receptors on the golgi bodies of nerons ^ HELP This is my last question pls help HELP on this one plssss^^ What is this?!?!?!?!?!?!?!?!?!? Q:Generally speaking,which of the following molecules has the least amount of energy that you can use for intense physical exercise? 1. -carbohydrates 2. -lipids 3. -a chemically specifically designed to signal uncontrolled cell growth 4. -water since it promotes all chemical reactions 5. -protein Q: stroke volume is determined by three major factors. which one is altered by the strength of muscle contraction? 1. strength of contraction of the left ventricle Q: Mutations are the result of which of the following? 1. change in the normal nucleotide sequence in the DNA directly resolution in different inccarbohydrates​ <<< that is wrong (what’s the answer then?) ​directly resulting in different proteins The greenhouse gas effect is… 1. the cooling of the atmosphere by oxygen which effectively releases cool air into the lower atmosphere 2. the heat absorption by certain gases in the atmosphere which effective “trap” heat in the lower atmosphere and re-radiation downward of some of that heat 3. The heat absorption by water only in the atmosphere which effectively “traps” heat in the upper atmosphere and expels the heat through ozone holes in the atmosphere 4. The trapping of heat…. Q: which of the following has the fastest transient time of the bolus of the food as it moves through the gastrointestinal -​gastroesophageal sphin Q:which of the following is in the correct order in regards to complexity? (least to greatest) 1. -cells< tissue < organ<organisms Q: you are a nurse and your diabetic mother tells you that the doctor says that she has too much glucose in her blood making her blood hypertonic. what are the consequences of this condition in your mother? 1. the cells in your mother’s body will remain isotonic since water can’t leave the cells. it is an important protective mechanism of the body 2. the cells in your mother’s body will absorb the glucose making the cells hypertonic 3. 4. the cells in your mother’s body will become hypotonic since the blood is hypertonic 5. the cells in your mother’s body will become hypotonic 7. ^^^^^ Q: mutations are the result of which of the following? 1. change in the normal nucleotide sequence in the DNA directly resolution in different carbohydrates Q: which of the following enzymes break up metabolize carbohydrates? 1. All of these Q:Which of the following represents the proper sequence for the “central dogma” ? inc-​Dna to rna to protein Q: A pregnant mother ingests a chemical which her mother said would be great for the baby. when the baby was born, it had a large head and flippers for arms. what caused this phenotype? 1. The chemicals were teratogens which influenced oxidative phosphorylation causing the changes in the phenotype Q: in the chemical process of oxodative phosphorylation, which of the following is phosphorylated with the assistance of ATP synthase? 1. Adp Q:​ you are sunburned after a long day at the beach. Which one is not an example of UV damage to your skin cells? 1. A mutation can occur in skin cell DNA that can lead to errors in transcription 2. Errors can occur during DNA replication 3. Thymine bases in your skin dna bond with each other instead of across the double helix 4. A mutation can occur in your ovaries 5. UV light can cause mutations in DNA of skin cells Q: When venous pressure increases, what effect does it have capillary hydrostatic pressure? 1. Decreases it and may cause edema 2. Nothing but it does increases capillary oncotic pressure 3. Nothing but it decreases capillary oncotic pressure 4. Increases it and may cause edema A hyper-osmotic soulution is: ^ a solution separated from another by way of semipermeable membrane in which the hyperosmotic solution has ​more electrolytes and less wate​r than the other solution <3 Certain plants survive in very salty water. You would think that the salty water would dehydrate the cells in the roots of these trees. That does not happen. Why? A: The cells of the roots produce a hypertonic solution so water enters the cells.​eas) it is the large intestine module 12: as amino acids are being converted into different structures, which comes first? -Peptides incas you chemically digest your proteins, carbohydrates and lipids in the small intestine, the products will then go to which site next? -liver ← that’s not correct (I think it is the large intestine or pancr which of the following occurs when oxyhemoglobin reaches the capillaries of the heart muscle -releases its oxygen which diffuses from the mitochondria to the capillary -releases its oxygen which diffuses from the capillary to the nucleus -​releases oxygen which leaves the capillary and diffuses into cell activation of the autonomic nervous system results in which of the following -activation or inactivation of all systems that have smooth muscle such as your biceps -activation of cardiac muscle after skeletal muscle activation -activation or inactivation of all systems that have smooth muscle such as your intestinal tract voluntary responses such as running away from an attacker and also causing vasoconstriction of the capillaries (not this one) In the lock and key example of signal (hormona) molecules, which is the lock and which is the key - the signal is the lock and receptor is key - the protein is the lock and signal is key - the receptor is lock and ligand is key - propogation is lock and ligand is keywhich of the follow There are a number of hormones that are produced to control appetite. These hormones have their effect on which group of cells? brain cells large intestinal cells neurons in the intestinal tract Neurons Where do electrical signals originate in the heart? a. Internodal tr b. Sa node c. His-purkinje system d. Av node In following are features of the testing portion of the scientific method? incA: All of these. Most textbooks emphasize the ____ phase of muscle contraction, but the controlled____ phase is the hallmark of superbly trained athlete giving smoothness to the motion Contraction; relaxation Experiments conducted on humans today require that A: the subjects be informed of their rights and the implications of the ​experiments (incorrect) ???​wrong answer Anaerobic respiration- wrong answer Lactate You are running to catch a football in a SDSU vs UW-Madison game. If you catch the ball, you will win the game. Your eyes are following the ball so you can catch it. What directly fuels muscles of the eyeball to follow the football? A: ATP in your eye muscle cells ATP’s failure to replenish the cardiac muscle is due to: A lack of blood carrying oxygen reaching the heart Which of the following determines the amount of energy one gets from proteins, carbohydrates and lipids? A: The number of hydrogen bonds that are used You have been eating nothing but beans as you transition over towards being a vegetarian. Your friends say that the proteins in beans cannot be beneficial as glucose since beans do not give you much energy. This is incorrect, since A: Protein is metabolized into both pyruvate and Acetyl CoA which will eventually produce ATP Which of the following organelles is not directly ivolved in the production of proteins? 1. Rough ER 2. Nucleus 3. Golgi Complex 4. Plasma membrane (I think) incModule 2 How We Study Biology All scientific studies vary in their sophistication. Which of the following will most directly affect their outcome? A: Who analyses the data Which of the following are features of the testing portion of the scientific method? A: perform a reproducible set of experiments that has controls. (Reference feedback loop) what event continues the submission process? A: ? (not “Acceptance of the proposal”) (Reference feedback loop) Why does the rejection of the proposal initiate the negative feedback loop? A: In the module, Dr. Smith’s study on alcoholism had him giving a group of students a liquid that did not contain ethanol but did smell like ethanol. The use of this liquid in this group of students is considered to be a? (answer the most correct option) A;? (not “a placebo. Meaning that this agent has no effect on the students but the students think it does) It is your responsibility to.. A: Learn what you consider important relative to your self-education How does inductive reasoning start? A; Inductive reasoning starts with an observation which you are attempting to explain or understand. The function of a science teacher is? A: Bridge the world between research and the real world A scientist receives a $350k/yr grant. Relative to this diagram, this award symbolizes.. A: Negative feedback Using logic to arrive at specific conclusions based on a premise which is considered to be a general observation is? A: deductive reasoning. Inductive Reasoning? A: Using specific observations and measurements to arrive at a conclusion. Progressing from particular observations to arrive at a general principle. Alternative medicine is an example of this kind of reasoning. A certain disease is cured by acupuncture. Therefore, acupuncture always cures the disease. incThe use of the scientific method has resulted in which of the following? A: All of the following Which of the following helps to increase the validity of scientific data? A: A variable environment that takes into account more than one conditions. Experiments conducted on humans today require that… A: The subjects be informed of their rights and understand implications and side effects of the experimental agent Research conducted by the scientific method and the non-scientific method is similar in which way? A: Both methods are used by persons who are curious about a phenomenon Which of the How does inductive reasoning start? inductive reasoning starts with an observation which you are attempting to explain or understand if one solution is hyperosmotic relative to another, water will always flow from the hypoosmotic to the hyperosmotic. why/ A. water will from the compartment in which it is in higher concentration to one which is lower Which of the following is an example of deductive reasoning? A: 1) all triangles have 180 degrees(premise) 2) a right triangle is a form of a triangle 3) therefore, a right triangle has 180 degrees The explanation for mood is which of the following? A: Partially determined by neurochemical imbalances in the brain but also have a behavioral aspect. A physician notices that a certain drug that is used to control manic depression, causes her patients to gain 40 lbs in 4 months. She gave a placebo to another group of patients and they did not gain weight and their manic depression episodes were not controlled. She presents the data on her subjects at a scientific meeting. This data is which kind? A: Answers 2 and 3 certain cells are producing chemical signals that have no receptor to detect them. it is a genetic flaw. this kind of feedback could be called? incA: ballistic One of the wonders in science is the fact that identical twins, although distinct in many ways, share identical biochemical makeup A: False Peer review of data refers to which of the following? ● A: Persons who have expertise in a specific area will review the material `Using logic to arrive at a specific conclusion based on a premise is called: A: Deductive reasoning When did traditional medicine begin? A: When Homo sapiens began using plants to cure various illness Which of the following should be considered for all phases of a research project? A: Application of ethics as you plan the research a hypoosmotic solution is: A: a solution that has less electrolytes and more water than the other solution Antonio is crossing the desert and runs out of water. he has to go 10 miles before he gets some more water. he has a 4 year old son, pedro, with him. the father is worried that they will not find water. what hormone is immediately released in the father as he tries to find water? A: Adrenalin Although the scientific method is based on the premise that every experiment can be repeated, very few experiments are actually repeated after their initial publication. Why? A: Many studies require financial support. Hence to repeat a study, financial support must be available Which of the following is an example of inductive reasoning? A: 1) Priscilla likes men (premise) 2) Julius Caesar is a man 3) Therefore, Priscilla likes Julius Caesar No two humans are identical ​from a genetic point of view. A: This statement is true Using logic to arrive at a specific conclusion based on a premise is called: incA: Deductive reasoning A researcher thinks that she has the cure for ebola. She is working with infected persons in small towns in Africa. She has no approval from the Universities in Africa nor approval from the patients. Her data suggests that her drug is able to stop Ebola progression in 25% of the infected patients. Which of the following is true. - Choices A and B are correct. Module 3: Properties of Life He runs to catch the pass. Which of the following systems determines his running? A: Set point or points located in the brain that coordinate the contraction and relaxation of select muscle groups you A SDSU tennis player is drinking Gatorade and her opponent is drinking oxygenated water in Borrego Springs where the tefmperature is 120F. The SDSU student wins the match. This proves which of the following? A: The data is not sufficient to draw any conclusions Evolution is defined in its more general way as ? - Development of new species from older ones determined…. ​jhall! For ATP to be generated, the cell needs A: Both oxygen and food A redwood tree lives for a thousand yea a cactus may live to be 500 years old and humans live to be 188. what factors determine the longevity of these structures? A: chromosomal inheritance + environmental In a negative feedback loop, when glucose levels are too high in blood, the pancreas will secrete insulin and this will stimulate the absorption of glucose and the process of glycogenesis. The body trying to restore back to its constant internal environment in a process is called: A: Homeostasis inccellular communication occurs how? A: physical and chemical signals Without ATP in a critical mass of cells, which of the following would occur? A; cessation of cellular, tissue, organ function oxidizing and reducing agents are vital in biological processes including metabolism. a(n)_____ agent gains electrons and is reduced. A; oxidizing In the case with the cell producing ATP; the more ATP that is generated the more the ATP generating machinery will shut down. This is an example of which of the following? A: negative feedback which of the following would be the most lethal poison? An agent that causes… A: a decrease in oxygen at the electron transport level drin Her brain cells are slowly dying. this is an example of which of the following? A: all of the above. Tumor su Death is a process characterized by which of the following? A: loss of the ability to make and utilize energy the processes of proteins turning into amino acids and amino acids becoming polypeptides are examples of catabolic and anabolic reactions. although one reaction involves breaking down and the other building up, both of these processes need to be powered by: A: ATP ATP is: A: the energy currency of the cell The chemical and physical changes that occur within us are… A: Expressions of the chromosomal information coming from past genetic information (and the effects of the environment on the chromosomal expression) ​This ​is wrong. The answer is both Within Sally’s body are different chemical reactions taking place. As she eats her cheeseburger and her food is metabolized to maintain her energy, this on-going process will cause a loss of hydrogen ions as well as a loss of electrons incA: Oxidation In metabolism, if oxygen accepts an electron, it is considered to be? A: reduced ____________ increase the absorptive area and the surface area of the intestinal wall and also secrete ___________ and ____________ A.​villi in the intestinal tract, enzymes and water Over a very long period of time, humans have evolved to stand upright and have genes that control brain development, which evolves more rapid than any other mammal on earth. Which biological if molecule needs to be produced in order for this evolutionary change to happen? A: Proteins in the form of enzymes Reproduction is a process that is found in which group? A: All living beings-whether they are plants or animals - ultimately exchange chromosomes The function of reproduction is to: A: Protect the species from extinction Extinction is an example of what type of evolution? A: macroevolution We eat food to give us energy. Which process is fundamental towards the conversion of food into biological energy? A: Oxidation of proteins, carbohydrates and lipids The stripping or loss of electrons or hydrogen ions is called ___ and the addition of electrons or hydrogen ions is called ___ A: Oxidation; reduction ATP is A: the energy currency of the cell Oxidizing and reducing agents are vital in biological processes including metabolism. A(n) ____ agent loses​ electrons and is oxidized A: Reducing In metabolism, if oxygen accepts an electron, it is considered to be A: reduced incIn the case of someone who wants to lose weight, they will be using the process of oxidation – losing electrons. They will want to oxidize their stored food in their fat cells. This is called ___ A: Catabolism A group of interconnected proteins called ___ strips hydrogen ions and electrons from the chemicals that make up our food A: Enzymes sapiens Our species, Homo sapiens, may be considered unique in that it… A: Overrides feedback lo A: All living beings – whether they are plants or animals – ultimately exchange chromosomes Overpopulation is a crisis facing the world. In terms of species survival, which system plays a major role in the biological drive for reproduction? Which is the most correct? A: Genetic clocks that produce hormones that promote reproduction The processes of proteins turning into amino acids and amino acids becoming polypetides are examples of catabolic and anabolic reactions. Although one reaction involves breaking down and other building up, both of these processes need to be powdered by A: ATP The stripping or loss of electrons or hydrogen ions is called __ and the addition of electrons or hydrogen ions is called ___ Aall: Oxidation; reduction A marine rushes into a burning building to save the occupants in war torn Syria. Based on the diagram, in which he saved 20 people, the feedback to him would be A: negative Which of the following describes a chromosome? A: strands of chemical called nucleotides Your hormone levels are preset to have certain fluctuation. These fluctuations are based on… A: various feedback systems that sense the concentration of the hormones and act to control the level. THis molecule controls the production of enzymes. It is A: it is DNA which is a nucleotide that resides in the nucleus of cells incTHese____ions and____power your body by producing ATP. A: Hydrogen; electrons THe mechanism that cells utilize to maintain homeostasis is called_____ A: Feedback All organisms live for certain fixed periods of time. THis time is determined by A: chromosomes PICTURE PICTURE are the concomplex repr Module 4: Cells Exocytosis is A:The process of sending the vesicles generated outside the cell into the blood or elsewhere. Cardiac cell is an the heart need a large supply of which of the follow? A: Blood Energy Capture results in the production of what major molecule? A: ATP Which of the following is a description of lysosome? A: It contains powerful ​digestive​ enzymes and are responsible for the breakdown and absorption of materials taken in by the cells. incWhat is the difference between skin cells and bone cells? A: traits expressed The nicotine in a cigarette activates which structure? A: Nicotine receptors on the plasma membrane Cells in the prostate continue to grow in a 22 year old male. They break through the prostate lining and travel throughout the body. For the cells to develop and reproduce, which cell organelle directs this activity? A: Nucleus If this organelle does not receive oxygen, what happens to the cell? A: The Cell dies If a group of cells does not have enough ATP, what happens to the organ? A: It decreases its activity Heart cells contain nicotine receptors. A: True; nicotine attaches to the receptors. Cells that transport oxygen and carbon dioxide between lungs and tissues are: A: Red blood cells Membrane-spanning proteins that link cells together are called: A: E-cadherin The fundamental unit of life is: A: Cell Which organelle is responsible for ATP production in the cell? A: Mitochondria The moat represents what in an idealized biological world? A: Capillary In order to build a computer, a crew of geniuses must come together and create some sort of complex directions for how the computer must be built. They send these to a factory where more geniuses carefully put them together and send them off to the warehouses where they will be shipped. In a cell, what factory inclike organelle is responsible for putting the directions from the nucleus together to make proteins? A: Endoplasmic reticulum When you feel happy, a chemical is released in the brain that goes to your pleasure center. For this chemical to have its effect, it must interact originally with which of the following? A: Plasma membrane receptor The Cell Membrane regulates the internal environment of the cell by which method A: 1, 2 and 3 are correct. What type of products are contained with in the vesicles produced by the golgi complex? - All of the above jhall! The fluid inside the cell is called: A: Intracellular fluid The rough ER functions in synthesis of A: Proteins A set of flattened sacs that function in the packaging and ​s​ of newly synthesized proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum is A: Golgi complex Concerning the feedback presentation. if the amount of testosterone made by the cell was 10 mg rather than 300 PICTURE incmg, what kind of feedback signal would go to comparator? (Low levels of testosterone are found in men suffering from prostate cancer). A: Positive Some chemicals are produced by the Golgi complexes in the neurons in your brain and then are sent into your blood. A: True What codes the nucleus contain?tr A: Chromosomes White blood cells… A: defend the body against foreign invaders Which of the following is the term that describes cell death? A: Apoptosis From the “castle” example in the reading, the throne room represents what structure? A: Nucleus Certain cells are producing chemical signals that have receptors to detect them genetic flaw. This king of feedback could be called? A: ballistic If a cell cannot maintain its shape and collapses the plasma membrane may be lacking in which of the following? A: Microtubules A startup company is designing insulin to be inhaled. Based on the goal listed on the diagram, if the drug is producing more than the desired output, the feedback would be… A: negative Against your better judgment you are taking steroids to increase the growth of muscles. which cell system normally produces the steroids? A: smooth endoplasmic reticulum What does the nucleus contain? A: Chromosomes incWhich of the following organelles requires oxygen? A: Mitochondria Nicotine, which is present in cigarette smoke, activates neurons. Which anatomical cell structure is the first site for this activation? A: Plasma membrane The support beams for the cell are microfibers. Which of the following molecules make up a microfiber? A: Actin (which is a chemical structure found in many cells besides muscles) The nicotine in a cigarette activates which structure? A: Nicotine receptors on the plasma membrane Cells in the prostate continue to grow in a 22 year old male. They break through the prostate lining and travel throughout the body. For the cells to develop and reproduce, which cell organelle directs this activity? A: Nucleus If this organelle does not receive oxygen, what happens to the cell? A: The Cell dies If a group of cells does not have enough ATP, what happens to the organ? A: It decreases its activity Heart cells contain nicotine receptors. A: True; nicotine attaches to the receptors. Cells that transport oxygen and carbon dioxide between lungs and tissues are: A: Red blood cells Membrane-spanning proteins that link cells together are called: A: E-cadherin What does the mitochondria require to make ATP? A: Both of these The fundamental unit of life is: A: cell incThe term "concentration gradient" is defined as: A:The ​gradual​ difference in concentration of a solution between areas of high concentration and low concentration If a patient was having problems staying hydrated what systems might be overactive A: Kidneys Blood is normally what to cells? A: Isotonic <The movement of solute molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration that does not require energy is A: diffusion The movement of water molecules across a semipermeable membrane from an area of high concentrion to an area of low concentration is A: Osmosis ​T​he principle means of passive ​transport​ is A: diffusion A hypo-osmotic solution is: A: A solution that has less electrolytes and more water than the other solution. Water may pass in or out of a cell via its concentration gradient without any ATP requirement. A: passive transport Channels in the plasma membrane of cells that only allow water to pass are A: aquaporins Q: In all animals who use the electron system to generate ATP, the electron acceptor is directly transported to all the cells by the way ? A: Water Plant cells exposed to a hypertonic salt solution will do which of the following? A: Crenate the scenario presented in the modules about the overheated US calvary and the football player dying from lack of water. What caused their death. (Assume for this question, that the American Indians did not incdirectly kill the soldiers?) A: Dehydration led to an increase in body temperature that led to heart failure In all biological systems, which feedback loops are working on maintaining the output? A: Both at the same time If a cell was hypertonic to the solution it was in, what would happen to it? A: Burst If a patient was having problems staying hydrated what part of their cell membrane could have a problem? A: kidneys which of the following would be cells shrink if placed in A: hypertonic You are crossing the desert, temp 120 F and you are sweating. which of the following will determine how much water you will lose? A: both osmosis and hormones You are crossing a hot desert and have no food. You are 5ft 6 inches and weigh 180 lbs. The temp is 120 F. Will you be able to survive for 20 days without food? You have plenty of water. A: You will be able to survive since your additional fat will be used by your body to produce ATP. When a person is bleeding the blood comes from which compartment initially? A: extracellular The comparator would be found in which of the following? A: Hypothalamus the cell membrane regulates internal of the cell by which method? A. 1,2,3 incPICTURE I think it was F (this was a tricky questions) Not F…. Just got it incorrect also THE correct answer is E ​No it is not Decrease blood in osmolarity: B incWhy was gatorade a better drink for players than water? It replenishes both water and electrolytes Module 5: Water https://quizlet.com/36436210/bio-100-water-flash-cards/ Three mexican fisherman were reported…. incA: salt water is hypertonic and it would draw water from the cells which of the following is intracellular fluid? A: B Your coach want you to not stop for water…. A: ADH If two solutions have the same number of electrolytes and are separated by a membrane that only allows water to flow, will there be movement of water a: no, the water will not move Animal cells exposed to a hypertonic salt solution… A: crenate After a night of drinking you feel a hangover… What caused this hangover? A: Ethanol inhibited the release of ADH, promoting an increase in urine production Water is considered to be important since A; It is the chemical solvent needed for all chemical reactions in the cell Why was gatorade a better drink for player? A; it replenishes water and electrolytes Active transport is needed to A: Maintain proper concentrations of ions in and out of the cell A hypoosmotic solution is A; a solution that has less electrolytes and more water than the other solution Module 6: Glycolysis The adjective,glycolytic,refers to which condition? A: Chemical reactions that do not require oxygen- called anaerobic All enzymes for anaerobic respiration _______ chemical reaction are found only in the _____ of the cells. incA; 9, Cytoplasm Glycolysis occurs in which of the following? A: B A person has been shot and is losing blood. A medic puts a mask over his nose so he can get oxygen. He tells his staff that oxygen will help glycolytic pathways make atp directly . A: oxygen will play no direct role in producing ATP in the glycolytic pathways After aerobic respiration the ph of the blood is decreased, why does this happen? A; Co2 is a byproduct of aerobic and carries it to the lungs for release into the air. the co2 dissolved in the blood decreases the blood ph If atp is not needed, it will attach to the enzymes in the glycolytic pathway and ______ them, resulting in a decrease in _____ and atp A: inhibit; cellular respiration If atp is needed, it will unbind from the enzymes in the glycolytic pathwayand___ them, resulting in a____ in cellular respiration and ATP A: activate ; increase you are a sprint runner, you have large thigh and buttlock. in which box would you place the desire to run as fast as you can. A: A fermentation requires glucose to function. winemakers put yeast and grape juice in a sealed wine vat therefore, is glycolysis the sole means of producing energy in making alcohol? A: yes, since glycolysis breaks down sugar The brain requires glucose to function. It is known since antiquity that cutting off air supply to the brain results in death. Therefore, is glycolysis the sole means of producing energy in the eurons?(Think question... not in the module) A: --Since oxygen is required for normal function of the brain, Glycolysis cannot be the sole means of metabolic energy to the brain. Where in the cell does substrate phosphorylation occur? A: cytoplasm incWhy does gatorade contain sugar? A: it promotes the uptake of water and electrolytes in the intestinal tract A 35 year old African American male is swimming in 8 feet of water and gets a cramp in his leg. He can not swim anymore and drowns. What caused the cramps? A: --Glycolysis in his leg muscle producing lactic acid It is a hot day and you are on the soccer team. You are running down field and you get cramps in both of the muscles in the back of your legs. You stumble. The coach comes to help you and rubs your legs. You are able to hobble off the field. Rubbing your legs does what? A: Increases blood flow that assists in the removal of lactic acid The greatest amount of ATP is produced as a result of which chemical reaction? A: OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION. Methanogens are.... A: Primitive archaebacteria that use carbon dioxide instead of oxygen to produce ATP. The first method for making ATP is.... A: substrate phosphorylation Or Subtrate phosphorylation In the event that ATP is not needed, (in other words, you have enough energy), what happens? A: ATP will inhibit enzymes in the glycolytic pathway. Lactic acid which may be the explanation for skeletal muscle fatigue is produced directly from which molecule? A: ​pyruvate Glycolysis as a chemical reaction is coupled with which other chemical reaction which requires oxygen? A: ​aerobic respiration which is oxidative phosphorylation if a cholesterol molecule needs to be transported to another part of the body. how does it travel? A: it is hydrophobic and needs the assistance of a lipoprotein to traverse the body in the blood stream Which of the following produces ATP by substrate phoshorylation A: B&C – step one middle green, step two middle g incLactic acid in your muscles is the byproduct of which metabolic system? A: glycolysis Substrate phosphorylation refers to which condition? A: Production of ATP by converting ADP directly to ATP in the cytoplasm Oxidative phosphorylation occurs in which organelle? A: --Mitochondria In glycolysis, sugar is broken down into which molecule that is the gateway to the krebs cycle? A: --Pyruvate or pyruvic acid What are the key products of the Krebs cycle? A: FADH and NADH Which of the following chemical compounds prevents the Kreb (citric acid) cycle from using the citric acid? A: Fluorocitrate Pyruvate (Pyruvic Acid) is A: A water-soluble liquid that is important in many metabolic and fermentation processes The metabolic pathway that occurs in the absence of oxygen to produce ATP is Was The ATP b direct phosphorylation of ADP A: Substrate level production of l phosphorylation The process in which oxygen is used to generate energy from food molecules is A: aerobic respiration The synthesis of ATP coupled with electron transport is A:-Oxidative phosphorylation All cells do not have the same sensitivity to lack of oxygen. Brain, heart, intestinal and kidney cells have a great need of oxygen muscle cells. Muscle cells can go 20 minutes without oxygen, but brain and heart cells can go no more than 3 minutes. Brain and heart cells need a high level of oxygen since?(Another thought question) inc: --They require more energy (ATP) than muscle cells The endoplasmic reticulum is… A: a network of internal membranes that fold over to each other to form compartments You are running away from some drug dealers. All of a sudden you have a muscle cramp in your leg muscles and you cannot run anymore. The story gets messy after this point but what caused the muscle cramp? A: Lactic acid build up in the muscle The adjective,glycolytic,refers to which condition? A: Chemical reactions that do not require oxygen- called anaerobic Brain requires glucose to function. It is known since antiquity that cutting off air supply to the brain results in death. Therefore, is glycolysis the sole means of producing energy in the neurons?(Think question... not in the module) A: Since oxygen is required for normal function of the brain, glycolysis cannot be the sole means of metabolic energy to the brain. A 35 year old African American male is swimming in 8 feet of water and gets a cramp in his leg. He can not swim anymore and drowns. What caused the cramps? A: Glycolysis in his leg muscle producing lactic acid It is a hot day and you are on the soccer team. You are running down field and you get cramps in both of the muscles in the back of your legs. You stumble. The coach comes to help you and rubs your legs. You are able to hobble off the field. Rubbing your legs does what? A: --Increases blood flow that assists in the removal of lactic acid The greatest amount of ATP is produced as a result of which chemical reaction? A: OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION. Methanogens are.... A:--primitive archaebacteria that use carbon dioxide instead of oxygen to produce ATP. If there is no need for additional ATP from glycolysis, the ATP that is produced will stop glycolysis. This process is called? A: --negative feedback incThe first method for making ATP is.... A: converting ADP to ATP In the event that ATP is not needed, (in other words, you have enough energy), what happens? A: --ATP will inhibit enzymes in the glycolytic pathway. Lactic acid which may be the explanation for skeletal muscle fatigue is produced directly from which molecule? A: --pyruvate Substrate phosphorylation refers to which condition? A: Production of ATP by converting ADP directly to ATP in the cytoplasm Oxidative phosphorylation occurs in which organelle? A: --Mitochondria Glycolysis as a chemical reaction is coupled with which other chemical reaction which requires oxygen? A: Aerobic respiration which is oxidative respiration In glycolysis, sugar is broken down into which molecule that is the gateway to the krebs cycle? A: Pyruvate or pyruvic acid The metabolic pathway that occurs in the absence of oxygen to produce ATP is A: The metabolic pathway that requires oxygen to produce large amounts of ATP is C: Oxidative phosporylation production of ATP by direct phosphorylation of ADP A: Substrate level phosphorylation The process in which oxygen is used to generate energy from food molecules is A: Aerobic respiration -r The synthesis of ATP coupled with electron transport is A: Oxidative phosphorylation All cells do not have the same sensitivity to lack of oxygen. Brain, heart,intestinal and kidney cells have a great need of oxygen than muscle cells.Muscle cells can go 20 minutes without oxygen, but brain and incheart cells can go no more than 3 minutes. Brain and heart cells need a high level of oxygen since?(Another thought question) A: --They require more energy(ATP) than muscle cells Pyruvate (pyruvic Acid) is… A: A water soluble liquid that is important in many metabolic and fermentation THe production of ATP by direct phosphorylation of ADP A: substrate level phosphorylation Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) A:is a nucleotide that is converted to ATP by the addition of a phosphate group. What organ requires aerobic respiration to survive? A: All of the above PICTURE Module 7 : Oxidative Phosphorylation incWhere in the mitochondria are the cytochromes located? A: ​Cristae NAD is _____ when it picks up _____ directly from the_______….. A: Reduced, Hydrogen, Citric Acid Cycle What are the key products of the Krebs cycle? A: FADH and NADH During oxidative phosphorylation, what is oxidized? A: ( proteins carbs lipids) Jonathan was lost out in the woods. He was able to find fresh water but there was nothing he could eat that would not make him sick. Will Jonathan be able to survive 30 days without eating? B: No, surviving just on water for 30 days while trying to keep warm will use many calories, his skinny build will not help him… In the treatment of patients, Oxygen masks give oxygen to the patient. This oxygen does what? A: Produces ATP indirectly by way of oxidative phosphorylation Is it true that if you only eat protein and do not exercise that you will not become overweight A; No, proteins are converted into Acetyl-CoA which is involved in making ATP. If you do not exercise to use up this ATP, you will become overweight Which of the following is released into the blood and then into the air? A: CO2 (carbon dioxide) Which of the following determines the amount of energy one gets from proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids A; the number of hydrogen bonds that are used A person is very fatigued. You give ​him​ oxygen and state that will give him energy by way of glycolysis. That is incorrect since A: By definition, glycolysis is an anaerobic set of chemical reactions. A person is very fatigued. You give him oxygen and state that will give him energy by way of oxidative phosphorylation. That is correct since A: Oxidative phosphorylation requires oxygen to be an electro​n acceptor incIf cells are not able to produce ATP what process could be interrupted? A: All of the above – aerobic respiration, krebs cycle, glycolysis The space between the outer and inner membrane of the mitochondria is called? A: intermembrane space Cells that need more ATP for their specific function will have which of the following? A: Large number of mitochondria Bile is used in the digestion of lipids. Where is it produced. A: it is a mixture of special bile salts, water, and cholesterol secreted by liver cells. Matt one of Dr. Pozos' assistants had gastric bypass surgery a few years ago and lost a lot of weight. Based on this illustration which part of his digestive tract was completely bypassed? (Hint: Use WebMD) A: duodenum Jonathan was lost out in the woods. He was able to find fresh water but there was nothing he could eat that would not make him sick. Will Jonathan be able to survive a 30 days without eating? A: Yes, you can survive for 30 days without eating any food since the fat and protein in your body can be metabolized to give you the ATP you need. {[Got this wrong; I think it’s the no, because he’s too skinny and he needs to keep warm answer]} ___________ is the diffusion of hydrogen ions through ATP synthase which subsequently causes ATP synthase to combine a phosphate ion with ADP. A: Chemiosmosis Within the digestive system which of the following layers of an organ generates peristalsis? A: muscularis mucosae which has smooth muscle In the condition of oxidative phosphorylation, what is phosphorylated? A: ADP There are diseases in which the mitochondria is deficient, meaning that it does not function properly. If the mitochondria is deficient, what happens to the cells in which it is located? A: Cells function abnormally since they require ATP to power the cell’s functions What protein structure inside the mitochondria is responsible for directly producing ATP? incA: ATP synthase Isotonic refers to: A; An isotonic cell is in a state of equilibrium with its surroundings in terms of water ​and​ solute concentration Which chemical structure is responsible for production of ATP from your food? A: Hydrogen ions The energy in the food you eat, is transferred to the cytochrome system in the mitochondria by a process of ? A: Oxidation of both NADH and FADH. What protein structure inside the mitochondria is responsible for directly producing ATP? A: ATP synthase at h​Carbohydrates, proteins, and fat are all metabolized to what molecule? A: Acetyl-CoA The classic definition of fatigue is the production of which product? A: ​Lactate The enzyme that couples proton movement across the inner mitochondrial membrane with ATP synthesis A: ATP Synthase The space between the inner membrane and the outer membrane of the mitochondrion is A: intermembrane space what are the Folds of the inner mitochondrial membrane A: cristae The matrix is A: the space inside the inner membrane of the mitochondria A metabolic cycle fueled by Acetyl CoA that produces most of the NADH and FADH for ATP production A: Krebs Cycle/Citric Acid cycle The Mitochondrial Matrix is: A: The space inside the inner membrane of a mitochondria which contains enzymes for aerobic increspiration. What is an example of a micromotor? A: ATP Synthase When NADH and FADH are oxidized, what molecule is reduced? A: Oxygen Is it true that if you only eat protein and do not exercise that you will not become overweight? A: No, proteins are converted into Acetyl-CoA, which is involved in making ATP. If you do not exercise to use up this ATP you will become overweight In the treatment of patients, Oxygen masks give oxygen to the patient. This oxygen does what? A: Indirectly produces ATPby way of oxidative phsophorylation A person is very fatigued. You give him oxygen and state that will give him energy by way of glycolysis. That is incorrect since A: By definition, glycolysis is an anaerobic set of chemical reactions. The space between the outer and inner membrane of the mitochondria is called? A: intermembrane space Cells that need more ATP for their specific function will have which of the following? A: Large number of mitochondria Jonathan was lost out in the woods. He was able to find fresh water but there was nothing he could eat that would not make him sick. Will Jonathan be able to survive a 30 days without eating? A: No, surviving just on water for 30 days while trying to keep warm will use up many calories. His skinny build will not help him since he does not have extra calories to keep warm. ___________ is the diffusion of hydrogen ions through ATP synthase which subsequently causes ATP synthase to combine a phosphate ion with ADP. A: Chemiosmosis In the condition of oxidative phosphorylation, what is phosphorylated? A: ADP There are diseases in which the mitochondria is deficient, meaning that it does not function properly. If the mitochondria is deficient, what happens to the cells in which it is located? incA: Cells function abnormally since they require ATP to power the cells’ functions What structure inside the mitochondria is responsible for directly producing ATP? A: ATP synthase Which chemical structure is responsible for production of ATP from your food? A: Hydrogen ions The energy in the food you eat, is transferred to the cytochrome system in the mitochondria by a process of ? A: Oxidation of both NADH and FADH. The classic definition of fatigue is the production of which product? A: Lactate You are running to catch a football in a SDSU vs UW-Madison game. If you catch the ball, you will win the game. Your eyes are following the ball so you can catch it. What directly fuels muscles of the eyeball to follow the football? A: ATP in your eye muscle cells You have been eating nothing but beans as you transition over towards being a vegetarian. Your friends say that the proteins in beans cannot be beneficial as glucose since beans do not give you much energy. This is incorrect, since A: Protein is metabolized into both pyruvate and Acetyl CoA which will eventually produce ATP The enzyme that couples proton movement across the inner mitochondrial membrane with ATP synthesis A: ATP Synthase The space between the inner membrane and the outer membrane of the mitochondrion is A: intermembrane space Folds of the inner mitochondrial membrane A: cristae The matrix is A: the space inside the inner membrane of the mitochondria A metabolic cycle fueled by Acetyl CoA that produces most of the NADH and FADH for ATP production A: Krebs Cycle incThe Mitochondrial Matrix is: A: The space inside the inner membrane of a mitochondria which contains enzymes for aerobic respiration. in the treatment of patients, oxygen masks give oxygen to the patients. this oxygen does what? A; produces ATP indirectly from oxidative phosphorylation----CORRECT When NADH and FADH are oxidized, what molecule is reduced? A; Oxygen People who are overweight have what? A: an abundance of atp that is converted to fa Cancer cells are constantly growing that means that they must contain what? A: Many mitochondria F Carbohydrates, proteins, and fat are all metabolized to what molecule? A: Acetyl-CoA A shark is swimming above the swimmer. How does the shark get its energy to ​D Oxidation phosphorylation using oxygen from the water You are running away from some terrorists. Which of the following boxes would predict the increase in blood flow to the muscles? D what is the function of cytochromes? A: separation of a hydrogen ion from its associated electron in the scenario presented in the modules about the overheated us calvary and the football player dying from lack of water. what caused their death. (assume for this question, that the american indians did not directly kill the soldiers? A: dehydration led to an increase body temperature that led to heart failure. In the condition of oxidative phosphorylation, what is phosphorylated? A: ADP incWhich of the following is, the enzyme that couples proton movement across the inner mitochondrial membrane with ATP synthesis? A: ATP synthase A person suffered a heart attack. Which box would be most affected by this condition. assic defi Module 8: Loss of Oxidative Phosphorylation What aspect of the molecules you eat, give you energy? A: Hydrogen Ions incAcidosis in humans occurs when the blood pH falls below A: 7.35 In the case of carbon monoxide poisoning, which biological system is most affected since it requires great quantities of ATP? A: ITS HEART CELLS. What is needed to perform cellular work? A: ATP Normal pH for a human is 7.4. If the patient has a low pH of 6.5, what system would you want to decrease? A:​ Cardiovascular a person has a fire going with their house completely closed up, they are found later unconscious. what condition could they be suffering from A: both of these The oxygen carrying molecule of red blood cells is: A: Hemoglobin Carbon Monoxide (CO) is harmful to our health because: A: It has a higher affinity for hemoglobon (HB) then O2 and does not allow O2 delivery to mitochondria. Normal pH for a human is 7.4 What system in your body would act as the sensor for the carbon dioxide level? A: Cardiovascular Carbon Monoxide (CO) is harmful to our health because: A: It has a higher affinity for hemoglobin (HB) then O2 and does not allow O2 delivery to mitochondr which of the following is, the enzyme that couples proton movement across the inner mitochondrial membrane with atp synthesis? A; Atp synthase If Carbon Monoxide (CO) binds to hemoglobin instead of oxygen (O2) the end result is: A: Decreased ATP production and Death incIn the case of carbon monoxide poisoning, which system is most affected so as to minimize ATP production A: Delivery of oxygen to the cells A young man is clinically depressed and attempts to commit suicide by carbon monoxide poisoning. He had a hose attached to his exhaust and the other end was in his car. Luckily he was pulled from the car. He survived but he has a pronounced motor problem. He walks slowly, and cannot move fast. His symptoms are ​caused by damage to which group​? A: brain cells The brain produces a chemical called dopamine that plays a major role in our sensation of pleasure. The dopamine is produced in the neurons of the pleasure center of the brain and are released at the terminal ending of these neurons. ATP is for its dopamine release and uptake in the brain. Uncle Joe suffered a stroke in the pleasure center and is now recovering. However, he is depressed. His depression may be due to which of the following? A: Decrease in dopamine production due to decrease in ATP production Which of the following metabolic poisons is the easiest to recover from? A: Dinitrophenol an aerobic organism is not longer able to get oxygen, what happens to its pH? A: Becomes more acidotic A fish is given an injection of cyanide poisoning. Will the fish have the same reaction as a human? A: Yes, since the metabolic machinery is the same between the fish and human. The fish will die. Which system can go the longest in terms of time without oxygen? A: Skeletal Muscle cells If you wished to design a poison that would have the most lethal, immediate effect on an organism, which systems would you target? A: Oxygen delivery to cells Which part of the aerobic pathway in neurons can be interrupted so that ATP can continue to be produced. A: None. All pathways need to work together to support the neurons Acidosis occurs when the blood pH falls below: incA: 7.35 In most cases in which there is a decrease in oxygen to aerobic systems, what will continue to be produced? A: Lactic Acid The poison, fluoroacetate, causes the body to have convulsions, and cardiac and respiratory collapse. Why is it that this poison is referred to as "Suffocation from within"? A: All of the above. These structures oxidize electrons from NADH and FADH in the electron transport system. They are called? A: cytochromes A poison that disrupts ATP production by interrupting the function of complex IV in the electron transport system A: Cyanide An antibiotic that kills bacterial cells by interrupting the fun These structures "carry" electrons in the electron transport system A: cytochromes Anoxia is defined as A: low levels of oxygen If Carbon Monoxide (CO) binds to hemoglobin instead of oxygen (O2) the end result is A: Decreased ATP production and ​d​eath A person is ​out working ​in an orange tree grove and they suddenly collapse. Their symptoms include convulsions, and cardiac and respiratory collapse. What poison could they have ingested? A: Fluoroacetate what place in your body contains the most water? A: intracellular Which type of cell can go the longest with Krebs and ETC cycles interrupted? A: Skeletal muscle cells incA person has a fire going with their house completely closed up, they are found later unconscious. What condition could they be suffering from? A: Both of these – acidosis and anoxia Which of the following would be the most lethal poison? An agent that causes… A: A decrease in oxygen at the electron transport level What is needed to perform cellular work? A: ATP oxygen carrying molecule of red blood cells is: A: Hemoglobin Carbon Monoxide (CO) is harmful to our health because: A: It has a higher affinity for hemoglobin (HB) then O2 does and does not allow O2 Delivery to aamitochondria If Carbon Monoxide (CO) binds to hemoglobin instead of oxygen (O2) the end result is: A: decreased ATP production and Death n monoxide poisoning, which system is most affected so as to minimize ATP production A: Delivery of oxygen to the cells A young man is clinically depressed and attempts to commit suicide by carbon monoxide poisoning. He had a hose attached to his exhaust and the other end was in his car. Luckily he was pulled from the car. He survived but he has a pronounced motor problem. He walks slowly, and cannot move fast. His symptoms are similar to which condition? A: Parkinsonism (or brain cells) (See above scenario) His symptoms are caused by damage to which group? A: Brain Cells a The brain produces a chemical called dopamine that plays a major role in our sensation of pleasure. The dopamine is produced in the neurons of the pleasure center of the brain and are released at the terminal ending of these neurons. ATP is essential for its dopamine release and uptake in the brain. Uncle Joe suffered a stroke in the pleasure center and is now recovering. However, he is depressed. His depression may be due to which of the following? A: Decrease in dopamine production due to decrease in ATP production incWhich of the following metabolic poisons is the easiest to recover from? A: Dinitrophenol If an aerobic organism is not longer able to get oxygen, what happens to its pH? A: Becomes more acidotic A fish is given an injection of cyanide poisoning. Will the fish have the same reaction as a human? A: Yes, since the metabolic machinery is the same between the fish and human. The fish will die. Which system can go the longest in terms of time without oxygen? A: Skeletal Muscle cells If you wished to design a poison that would have the most lethal, immediate effect on an organism, which systems would you target? A: oxygen delivery to cells Which part of the aerobic pathway in neurons can be interrupted so that ATP can continue to be produced. A: None. All pathways need to work together to support the neurons Acidosis occurs when the blood pH falls below: A: 7.35 In most cases in which there is a decrease in oxygen to aerobic systems, what will continue to be produced? A: Lactic Acid The poison, fluoroacetate, causes the body to have convulsions, and cardiac and respiratory collapse. Why is it that this poison is referred to as"Suffocation from within"? A: All of the above. A poison that disrupts ATP production by interrupting the function of complex IV in the electron transport system A: Cyanide An antibiotic that kills bacterial cells by interrupting the function of ATP synthase A: oligomycin These structures "carry" electrons in the electron transport system A: cytochromes incAnoxia is defined as A: low levels of oxygen A starving goat in the desert of Peru eats a plant (Lethalis Desertus) that has a chemical that disrupts ATP synthase. What will be the result of ingesting this agent? A: Less ATP will be produced if the ETC is not able to produce ATP what could be interrupted? (choose all that apply) A: substrate phosphorylation, krebs cycle, glycolysis PICTURE CORRECT ANSWER IS : B (It is dinitrophenol) incModule 9: ATP Certain levels of ethanol (booze) or marijuana causes brain cells to become hyperexcitable.This means that certain cells are not working at their normal rate. What is affected by these chemicals? a)ATP hydrolysis in the brain cells (this one got marked wrong for me) b) glutamate metabolism in the brain cells c)Overall metabolism of the cell is decreased meaning that it is functioning as if there was not enough energy d)ATP production in the brain cells e) glucose metabolism in the brain cells (… this one was wrong too?????????) (I got it wrong ) ATP chemical structure is related chemically to B: all of the answers Without ATP which of the following processes will occur? A: none of the above (is the answer) ATP is located where? A: In both animals and plant​ cells where chemical reactions occur _________ is the adding of a phosphate (PO4) group to a molecule. A: Phosphorylation Biochemical energy that is stored in the ATP molecule is found where? A: the gamma phosphate which is the thrid​ phosphate group ​to cause conformational change in the chemical reactants ATP is related chemically to which other biological molecules A: DNA, RNA, NAD, NADP One of the most important properties of proteins is their ability to undergo "conformational change" which means? A: proteins are structurally flexible and can undergo slight changes in shape What is it called when oxygen (02) and hemoglobin are transferred in the blood? A: oxyhemoglobin incWhat process ​u​ndergo to pr​ust ATP u​omote the chemical union of actin and myosin? A: Lose a high energy phosphate by way of hydrolysis ________ causes brain cells to become excitable. A: glutamate The process that cleaves a phosphate molecule from ATP is called: A: Hydrolysis The study of energy is called: A: Thermodynamics When does myosin attach to actin? A: After ATP is split into ADP and inorganic phosphate The nucleotide found in ATP is: A: Adenine How does ATP interact with protein? A: It changes the shape of the protein to allow a chemical reaction to occur The sugar found in ATP is: A: Ribose How many phosphate groups are attached to ATP? A: 3 What is the final electron acceptor in the Electron Transport Chain (ETC)? A: Oxygen (O2) incOxygen is required for oxidative phosphorylation and in animals as a chemical called hemoglobin transfers the oxygen to cells. The hemoglobin carries the oxygen in the circulation. When oxygen leaves the hemoglobin molecule to go into your cells, this process is called? A: Diffusion When having a heart attack, your heart muscle does not contract. Why is this? A: ATP is not replenishing itself due to a decrease in oxygen levels in the blood. Blood pH is 7.4. If oxygen is not present, what happens to blood pH? A: decreases if only two moles of ATP are made and 4 are required, the feedback loop will be… A: positive Reactive Oxygen species (ROS) are produced where in the body? A: all cells ________ is the ultimate source of energy for ATP. A: The hydrogen molecule found in food Energy currency is required for: A: Anabolism and Catabolism The function of ATP is to do which of the following? A: Promote all chemical reactions in the body In the mitochondria, the oxygen combines with the electrons from the electron transport chain, which allows: A: The protons to enter ATP synthase Most textbooks emphasize the ___ phase of muscle contraction, but the controlled ___ phase is the hallmark of a superbly trained athlete giving smoothness to the motion A: Contraction, relaxation _________ is the adding of a phosphate (PO4) group to a molecule. incA: Phosphorylation Define: Conformational Change A: A shape-change within a molecule The biochemical energy that is stored in the ATP molecule is found where? A: the gamma phosphate to cause conformational change in the chemical reactants (third) ATP is related chemically to which other biological molecules A: DNA, RNA, NAD, NADP One of the most important properties of proteins is their ability to undergo "conformational change" which means? A: proteins are structurally flexible and can undergo slight changes in shape What is it called when oxygen (02) and hemoglobin are transferred in the blood? A: oxyhemoglobin What process must ATP undergo to promote the chemical union of actin and myosin? A: Lose a high energy phosphate by way of hydrolysis ________ causes brain cells to become excitable. A: glutamate Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) can damage DNA, RNA, and proteins...Where are ROS produced in the body? A: All Cells The process that cleaves a phosphate molecule from ATP is called: A: Hydrolysis The study of energy is called: A: Thermodynamics The nucleotide found in ATP is: A: Adenine How does ATP interact with protein? A: It changes the shape of the protein to allow a chemical reaction to occur incThe sugar found in ATP is: A: Ribose How many phosphate groups are attached to ATP? A: 3 What is the final electron acceptor in the Electron Transport System (ETS)? A: Oxygen (O2) When having a heart attack, your heart muscle does not contract. Why is this? A: ATP is not replenishing itself so as to promote muscle contraction due to a decrease in oxygen levels in the blood Carbon dioxide is produced where in the cell? A: mitochondria as a result of the Krebs Cycle Blood pH is 7.4. If oxygen is not present, what happens to blood pH? A: decreases Reactive Oxygen species are produced where in the body? A: all cells Energy in the form of ATP is required for what functions: A: Anabolism and Catabolism What is the final electron acceptor in the Electron Transport Chain (ETC)? A: Oxygen O2 During muscle contraction-such as your eyes moving to read this message -actin and myosin in your muscles that control eye movement need to attach and detach. When does myosin attach to actin? A: After ATP is split into ADP and inorganic phosphate ATPs failure to replenish the cardiac muscle is due to A: NOT a lack of energy released by atp hydrolysis. (ANSWER: Lack of blood carrying oxygen reaching the heart.) In the two blank boxes, which one would require red blood cell? A: A incModule 10: Photosynthesis Which organelle in the plant cells would direct the setpoint of chlorophyll? A: Nucleus Which part of the chloroplast is responsible for the light dependent phase (LDP)? A: Thylakoids The "head" of a chlorophyll molecule is a ring called a A: porphyrin The primary neural location that cocaine has its effects is ? A: Nucleus accumbens When an insecticide binds to the nucleus accumbens region within the brain, which of the following effects happens to humans? A. Feeling of euphoria The neurotransmitter found in insects that is similar to dopamine is? A: Octopamine Cocaine is a byproduct of which system? A: Light Independent Phase (LIP) More than likely, the production of Cocaine by plants is to do which of the following? A: ​Act​ an Insecticide. For light to act in photosynthesis, it must activate which photosystem? A: Photosystem II and then Photosystem I What enzyme is common to both plant and animal cells in production of ATP? A: ATP synthase O pre in photosynthesis​ w​hich of the two major categories of the chemical reactions is oxygen the byproduct? A: Light dependent phase (LDP) incWhen NADP gains a hydrogen ion, it is: A: Reduced The light dependent phase (LDP) does which of the following? A: Produces oxygen What does ATP synthase need to produce ATP? A: H+ The major organelle in the plant cell that is responsible for the light dependent phase is? A: Chloroplasts What molecules feed into the Calvin Cycle? A: ATP and NADPHcho What are the disc shaped membrane bound sacs found inside chloroplasts that contain chlorophyll and enzymes for the light dependent reactions of photosynthesis? A: thylakoids The green photosynthetic pigment found in plants, algae, and cyanobacteria is… A: chlorophyll A plant organelle that contains chlorophyll and is the site of protein synthesis A: chloroplasts What molecule is split to produce the electrons that are used by photosystems I and II to produce NADPH? A: h20 The most abundant protein on earth is A: Rubisco. photosynthesis Plants undergo 2 distinct chemical reaction phases. Which of the following are the 2 phases? A: LDP and LIP Which part of the chloroplast is responsible for the light dependent phase (LDP)? A: Thylakoids incThe "head" of a chlorophyll molecule is a ring called a A: porphyrin The primary neural location that cocaine has its effects is? A: Nucleus accumbens The neurotransmitter found in insects that is similar to dopamine is? A: Octopamine Cocaine is a byproduct of which system? A: Light Independent Phase (LIP) 3-phosphoglyceric acid is a product of which of the following? A: Light independent photosynthesis More than likely, the production of Cocaine by plants is to do which of the following? A: Act as an Insecticide. For light to act in photosynthesis, it must activate which photosystem? A: Photosystem II and then Photosystem I What enzyme is common to both plant and animal cells in production of ATP? A: ATP synthase Hydrogen ion cannot power ATP synthase alone. Which of the following must hydrogen ions bind to in order to power ATP synthase? A: NADP Which of the the chemical reactions in photosynthesis is oxygen the byproduct? A: Light dependent phase (LDP) When NADP gains a hydrogen ion, it is: A: Reduced The light dependent phase (LDP) does which of the following? A: Produces oxygen What does ATP synthase need to produce ATP? incA: H+ The major organelle in the plant cell that is responsible for the light dependent phase is? A: Chloroplasts What molecules feed into the Calvin Cycle? A: ATP and NADPH Cyclic phosphorylation A: the oldest of the two forms and noncyclic is the newer version and most common The green photosynthetic pigment found in plants, algae, and cyanobacteria is A: chlorophyll What are the disc shaped membrane bound sacs found inside chloroplasts that contain chlorophyll and enzymes for the light dependent reactions of photosynthesis? A: thylakoids Marijuana is now being sold for non medical purposes in Colorado. Marijuana is a byproduct of? A. Light independent phase (LIP) A plant organelle that contains chlorophyll and is the site of protein synthesis A: chloroplasts What molecule is split to produce the electrons that are used by photosystems I and II to produce NADPH? A: h20 The most abundant protein on earth is A: Rubisco. Photosynthesis is essentially used for: A: Creating ATP for the plant Porphyrin... A: a ring on the “head” of a chlorophyll molecule Stroma A: A fluid filled area in chloroplasts that is enclosed by the inner membrane incfor the dark reaction to occur which of the following enzymes is most important? A: rubisco which brings carbon dioxide from the atmosphere into the cells Rubisco is used to capture oxygen from the atmostphere in the dark phase. Photosystem II converts 2H2O into which of the following? A: O2+ 4H+ For the light reaction to occur, which of the following are needed? Pick the most complete answer A: select wavelengths of light and water Sugars in plants are able to be made by conversion of which of the following? choose 2 A:carbon dioxide and ATP Which organelle in the plant cells would direct the setpoint in the blue boxes, which one would you put hydrogen ion? A: C Module 11 Digestive System, Liver, Molecules of Life _____increase the absorptive area and the surface area of the intestinal wall and also secrete _____ and ____ A: villi in the intestinal tract, enzymes and water Dr. Pozos really loves cheesy fries. After chewing his food which will be the next organ that will play a major role in the digestion of the lipids in his cheesy fries? LIVER AND THE SECRETION OF BILE Which is the correct order of the intestinal tract? A: Esophagus, Stomach, Small Intestine, Liver You recently heard that a cow at a nearby farm was discovered to have mad cow disease. Which of the following is true about this disease? A: It is a prion which is comprised of a protein. Covalent bonds are described by incA. Bonds that form between atoms as a result of sharing electrons Carbon atoms can form up to _____ covalent bonds by sharing electrons with other atoms. A: four #8.e which of the following is false? A.carbohydrates are made from monomers or polymers of hydrophobic hydrocarbons as you chemical 9B:​ What are Pepsins? Protease enzymes that break proteins into smaller amino acids called peptides\\ A. Protease enzymes that break proteins into smaller amino acids called peptides. After ingesting food, which of the following layers of tissue in the intestine does your meal stay in contact with? A. Epithelial layer of the Mucosa Which of the following is not one of the four macromolecules used by animals which does not directly convert to ATP A. Cellulose found in plants which of the following is the correct order of complexity of molecules going from complex to simple? A. Protein to polymer to monomer based on the figure which part of the digestive tract was completely bypassed? A. Duodenum which of the following is false A. urea is more toxic than ammonia All of the following are true about the liver except: A. it does not directly produce bile which of the following is false: A. carbohydrates are made from monomers or polymers of hydrophobic hydrocarbons Alicia was in the laboratory one night when she accidently ingested a mutagenic chemical. This chemical acted directly on her Islets of Langerhans in her pancreas and caused them to turn into blood vessel cells. incWhat consequences would this have on her body? A. Her body would quit producing insulin and glucagon and she would have trouble controlling her glucose levels You have a bad case of diarrhea. From which part of the intestinal system are you losing the most water​? A. Small Intestine Carbon atoms form ____ bonds with hydrogen or other carbon atoms to become stable under the octet rule and are termed organic compounds A. Covalent #8.f which of the following groups of macromolecules would a fish taco be classified? it is a fried piece of fish, with beans and cheese wrapped in a homemade flour tortilla? A. it would have proteins, carbohydrates and lipids Bile salts produced in the liver ASSIST in the breakdown of lipids by acting as an emulsifying agent. What is an emulsifying agent? A. an agent that will chemically interact with both lipids and water, thus stabilizing the interface between lipid (oil) or water droplets in suspension The small intestine is divided into three parts which break down food and send those products directly where? A. The duodenum, jejunum, and ileum to the liver #7.c johnny's blood glucose level is high. which of the following organs is/are responsible for decreasing blood glucose levels in the body? A. both liver and pancreasAF Connective tissue serosa is best defined as: B. The outermost layer of the digestive tract. Your friend drinks a fruit smoothie and wonders where it begins to be broken down in the body, you tell them that A. the smoothie is broken down chemically in your mouth via salivary amylase WHich one of the following are the four types of biological macromolecules from which we get our energy? A. Proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates incYou eat a meal containing a large amount of carbohydrates. WHich of the following will occur? A. The pancreas will sense an increase in blood glucose and will secrete a hormone, insulin, to promote the cells to take up the glucose As discussed within the module, if 2 carbon atoms are bonded by 1 single bond, how many more bonds are needed for both carbons to be stable? A. 6 Which organ counteracts with the hydrochloric acid found in the stomach? A. Pancreas Carbon atoms can form up to __​4​_ covalent bonds by sharing electrons with other atoms. ​A. Four Bile is used in the digestion of lipids. Where is is produced. A: it is a special mixture of bile salts, water, and cholesterol secreted by liver cells You have just eaten a carnita burrito. Which of the following has the fastest transient time of the bolus of the food as it moves through the gastrointestinal system? A: gastroesophageal sphincter Dr. Pozos really loves baked potato chips. Where does his first chip start to mechanically broken? A: mouth Which definition best describes hydrolysis? A: a chemical reaction where a large molecule is split by a water molecule Your friend drinks a fruit smoothie and wonders how the swallowing process occurs. You tell them that… A: The swallowing reflex opens a sphincter at the top of the esophagus Module 12: Proteins Proteins are assembled where? A: ​Endoplasmic Reticulum A person in the arctic and is shivering violently. His core temperature is going down. WHich of the following… A: Primary incHydrogen bonds can be formed by which of the following? A: Interactions of amino acids of the polypeptide You have been very sick recently and decide to visit the doctor. She prescribes a medication that acts on a certain protein in your body. WHy did she give you this medicine? A: In order to block protein that is making you sick What chemical is required to cause the dehydration process to form a polypeptide? A: Protein What chemical is required to cause the dehydration process to form a dipeptide? A: Protein Which of the following is a protein that is very active during digestion? A: An Enzyme Which of the following processes forms a protein? A: dehydration synthesis What are proteins broken down into before they can be absorbed into the body by digestion? A: amino acids Why are proteins broken down into amino acids before they can be absorbed in the body by digestion? A: So that they are small enough to cross the lining of the gut ________ helps set up the countercurrent system in the nephrons. A: urea A person is crossing the desert and his core temperature is rising. Which of the following will be the first to be affected by the rise in body temperature? A: Primary structure Trypsin A: hydrolyzes peptides into amino acids The generation of proteins is due to which of the following structures? E: DNA and RNA A hydrophilic molecule will have what kind of R-group? incC: A water soluble R-group The bond that connects amino acids is called which of the following? A. Peptide bond Hemoglobin is a protein that... (see google or wikipedia for help) A: Carries oxygen in the blood Amyloid beta is a protef fin that... (see google or wiki for help) A: Is the main constituent of amyloid plaques in the brains of Alzheimer's disease patients Which one of the following molecules is a protein? <img src="http://bioespresso.com/modules/files/question/151732.JPG" width=375 height=300> A: A Secondary Structure refers to: A: The folding of a polypeptide in to alpha-helix or beta-pleated sheets How would the metabolism of freshly eaten proteins be affected if your stomach did not contain pepsin or hydrochloric acid? A: the proteins will not be broken down into peptides before entering the small intestine 0 The eight (10 for juveniles) amino acids that must be obtained from the diet are called... A: essential amino acids The small intestines, liver, and kidney can all generate ammonia from... A: amino acids Dr. Pozos surgically removed the kidney's of his helper Priscilla. How will this effect Priscilla's liver? A: The liver will be overworked with an excess of ammonia and urea and will more than likely fail To change the primary structure of a protein one would have to... A: alter the sequence of amino acids Where would you predict the hydrophobic amino acid Isoleucine to be on the tertiary structure of a protein that is normally found in blood? A: buried within the globular domain away from water Urea is synthesized in the liver and transported through the blood... incA: to be excreted in urine Which one of the following is false? A: Urea is more toxic than ammonia Dehydration synthesis between amino acids forms a water molecule from the loss of _____ from the amino group and the loss of _____ from the carboxyl group. A: H; OH The exact sequence of amino acids dictates the __________ of each protein. A: all of these Dr. Pozos is a mad protein scientist. In his spare time he gets alanine, serine, and tryptophan (amino acids) to form peptide bonds with one another. What should he call these molecules that he has made? A: Dipeptides Which of the following has the potential to act as a catalyst for specific chemical reactions? A: An Enzyme While having a dinner comprising of ribs and mashed potatoes your brother asks you, “Sis where are proteins first metabolized”? A: Proteins are first metabolized in the stomach What are proteins broken down into before they can be absorbed into the body by digestion? A: amino acids ________ helps set up the countercurrent system in the nephrons. A: urea Trypsin: A: hydrolyzes peptides into amino acids Hemoglobin is a protein that... (see google or wikipedia for help) A: Carries oxygen in the blood Amyloid beta is a protein that... (see google or wiki for help) A: Is the main constituent of amyloid plaques in the brains of Alzheimer's disease patients incWhich one of the following molecules is a protein? img src="http://bioespresso.com/modules/files/question/151732.JPG" width=375 height=300> A: A Module 13 carbohydrate You are starving in a prison camp. Which molecule will be first used by the cell to regenerate glucose? A: Pyruvate When digesting a starch humans have a distinct evolutionary trait to help break the glycosidic bonds. Which of the following is that trait that helps digest starches? The enzyme salivary amylase You stuff yourself silly every week with baked potatoes bought because they are cheap and you have limited monetary resources. Your body has plenty of ATP available to the cells so the acetyl-CoA you have made will be used to make... A: fatty acids Dr. Monroe wants to prevent Priscilla, the chair of biology, from digesting carbohydrates. Which organ should she remove from Priscilla that produces the enzymes needed for carbohydrate digestion? A: pancreas Actor Patrick Swayze (Dirty Dancing, Ghost, Donnie Darko) died from complications associated with pancreatic cancer. How was his digestion of carbohydrates affected due to limited use of his pancreas? A: may have been reduced because there is no amylase and maltase Dr. Pozos was in motorcycle accident with a clown and lost a lot of blood. The hospital he was taken to only had type O blood. Dr. Pozos' blood type is B. Like all scientists Dr. Pozos carries with him an enzyme that degrades oligosaccharides. Given what you know of blood types from the module what would you predict would happen to Dr. Pozos if he was given a blood transfusion with type O treated with this enzym A: He would live with no anticipated immune complications from the type O transfused blood. ______ Diabetes is a condition in which the _______ no longer produces insulin. incA: Type I; pancreas Matt really loves Fritos. One day he got so excited he accidentally swallowed a handful of them without even chewing. How will this affect the digestion of this salty carbohydrate? A: they will probably digest slower than normal because they were not exposed to salivary amylase How does a cell keep glucose from escaping without breaking down the molecule? A: phosphorylation Proteins, carbohydrates, and fats can all be broken down into A: acetyl-CoA Which of the following is a highly branched starch consisting of several thousand glucose molecules? A: amylopectin The complete oxidation of glucose, including the TCA cycle, in the cells releases energy in the form of... A: ATP Insulin stimulates the conversion of carbohydrates into _____, diminishes the breakdown of fat, and________ amino acid uptake. <BR>A: fat; increases Dr. Pozos discovered recently discovered a toxin that when taken orally causes the body to cease block the release of insulin after eating a meal. What disease is this toxin mimicking? A: type I diabetes How does your body get energy when you are fasting? A: The body MOBILIZES fat reserves for ATP synthesis to supply the body with energy. Dr. Pozos lives a pretty sedentary lifestyle. He has a weight of 185 pounds and is 5 feet and 10 inches tall. What is his BMI and is he overweight? (find a BMI calculator online) A: 26.5 and overweight x _________ defines a saccharide polymer containing a small number (typically 3 to 10) of component sugars, also known as simple sugars. A: Oligosaccharide Dr. Lane just finished running a marathon and needs to consume calories immediately or she will faint. incHowever, she left her wallet at home and has very little money on her. Which of the following would be the most inexpensive source of calories for her? A: a potato As your blood glucose decreases, what happens? A: Insulin levels decrease What is another word for Carbohydrate? A: Saccharide You stuff yourself silly every week at an all-you-can-eat pizza buffet (commonly referred to as carbohydrate heaven) because it was cheap and you have limited monetary resources. Your body has plenty of ATP available to the cells so the acetyl-CoA you have made will be used to make... A: fatty acids You stuff yourself silly every week with baked potatoes bought because they are cheap and you have limited monetary resources. Your body has plenty of ATP available to the cells so the acetyl-CoA you have made will be used to make... A: fatty acids Dr. Monroe wants to prevent Priscilla, the chair of biology, from digesting carbohydrates. Which organ should she remove from Priscilla that produces the enzymes needed for carbohydrate digestion? A: pancreas Actor Patrick Swayze (Dirty Dancing, Ghost, Donnie Darko) died from complications associated with pancreatic cancer. How was his digestion of carbohydrates affected due to limited use of his pancreas? A: may have been reduced because there is no amylase and maltase Proteins, carbohydrates and fats can all be broken down into A: acetyl-CoA Dr. Pozos was in motorcycle accident with a clown and lost a lot of blood. The hospital he was taken to only had type O blood. Dr. Pozos' blood type is B. Like all scientists Dr. Pozos carries with him an enzyme that degrades oligosaccharides. Given what you know of blood types from the module what would you predict would happen to Dr. Pozos if he was given a blood transfusion with type O treated with this enzyme? A: He would live with no anticipated immune complications from the type O transfused blood. ______ Diabetes is a condition in which the _______ no longer produces insulin. incA: Type I; pancreasblood glucosecarbon How does a cell keep glucose from escaping without breaking down the molecule? A: phosphorylation Proteins, carbohydrates, and fats can all be broken down into A: acetyl-CoA Which of the following is a highly branched starch consisting of several thousand glucose molecules? A: amylopectin Cellulose is a carbohydrate that provides structural support for A: all of the choices are correct – pine trees, mangroves, grass, rose bushes Cellulose is a carbohydrate that provides structural support for... A: none of the above – bears, humans, gerbils, dolphins The complete oxidation of glucose, including the TCA cycle, in the cells releases energy in the form of... A: ATP Dr. Pozos really loves baked potato chips. Where does his first chip start to mechanically broken? A: mouth If there is too much insulin in your bloodstream. What can the body do to bring your blood glucose levels back to normal? A: increase the secretion of glucagon Carbohydrates are involved in the production of which of the following? A: glycogen Insulin stimulates the conversion of carbohydrates into _____, diminishes the breakdown of fat, and________ amino acid uptake. A: fat; increases As you eat your rice, where are the enzymes responsible for molecularly breaking the carbohydrate into polysaccharides and monosaccharides? A: Intestines incDr. Pozos recently discovered a toxin that when taken orally causes the body to cease block the release of insulin after eating a meal. What disease is this toxin mimicking? A: type I diabetes How does your body get energy when you are fasting? A: The body mobilizes fat reserves for ATP synthesis to supply the body with energy. Phosphorylation... A: inhibits glucose transport across a cell membrane Which of the following is the normal BMI range? A: 18.5 – 24.9 While on his way to his biology exam James is hit by a car. He is transported to the hospital for treatment. James has type AB blood​. Which of the following blood types would James be able to take? A: ​All of these (James will be able to take A, B and O blood as well as AB of course) You are fighting ninjas and they are winning. As you get scared, you secrete more adrenaline which leads to? A: Increase in glucose The complete oxidation of glucose, including the TCA cycle, in the cells releases energy in the form of… A: ATP You are fighting ninjas and you need more glucose. The sensor states that the glucose levels are at 120 mg/ cc. Which of the following will occur? A: No more glucose will release You know that your friend has diabetes but do not know the exact type. She is not over weight and you know she exercises regularly. She faints and you want to help her. Which type of diabetes does she have and how do you treat her? A: She has Type 1 diabetes (diabetes mellitus) and should be given insulin. While on his way to his biology exam James is hit by a car. He is transported to the hospital for treatment. James has type A blood​. Which of the following blood types would James be able to take? A: ​Type A and Type O In terms of energy, carbohydrates produce the most ATP since they… A: above statement is false. Carbs do not generate the most energy incafter a meal your blood glucose levels are high. which of the following should be expected? A: insulin secretion will increase if there is too much insulin in your bloodstream. What can the body do to bring your blood glucose levels back to normal? A: NOT decrease the secretion of insulin Which of the following is a potential side effect of being obese? A: All of these Phosphorylation… A: Inhibits glucose transport across a cell membrane Which of the following contributes to the function and structure of a protein? A: the exact sequence of amino acids. incA: Pyruvate Module 14: Lipids If an obese person, has a sensor that states that his HDL and LDL are low, based on the feedback loop, he will.. A: Eat more nachos “Loose connective tissue in which fat cells accumulate” defines which term? A: Adipose Tissue Which of the following organelles is responsible for photosynthesis? A: Chloroplast Which of the following organelles packages proteins? incA: Golgi Complex. Matt, Dr, Pozos’ personal chef, has secretly been adding the lipid docosahexaenoic acid in place of butter to his dinners. How will this affect his health? A: decrease in strokes Lipids have the most calories is because they have the most… A:​ most hydrogen bonds Adipose tissue cells act as insulators for which areas of your body? (Be complete in your answer) a. All answers are correct Which characteristic makes glycerides filled with more energy than other types of fats? A: A large number of hydrogen ions When lipids are ingested as food they are emulsito fatty acids by__________. A: bile salts; pan​fied by __________, and broken in​creatic lipase from the pancreas A molecule formed from one glycerol and three fatty acid subunits by dehydration synthesis is a... A: triglyceride Fats and oils differ in their A: saturation of fatty acids The definition "A secretion that forms a waterproof coating over leaves, stems, and certain fruits of some terrestrial plants" is termed: A: cutin Adipose tissue cells consist of fat globules in the form of triglycerides which can occupy... A: most of the cell volume which of the following is a molecule containing glycerol, two fatty acids talls, and a phosphate head? A: phospholipid Fatty acids that cannot be constructed within an organism from other components are referred to as A: Essential fatty acids (EFAs) Carbon atoms form ___ bonds with hydrogen or other carbon atoms to become stable under the octet rule and are termed organic compounds. incA: covalent The main use of Acetyl-CoA is: A: to convey the carbon atoms within the acetyl group to the citric acid cycle to be oxidized for energy production. If Dr. Pozos developed a condition where his body could not produce ketone bodies, how would this affect him when he is fasting? A: He would not be able to use any of his fat reserves for energy Which of the following has the most unsaturated fatty acids? A: Olive Oil Fatty acids make fats and oils by bonding to... A: Glycerol Fatty acids are formed in which of the following structures? A: liver How would changing the polar phosphate group on a phospholipid to a non-polar group affect its physical/chemical properties? A: it would make the molecule completely hydrophobic and would cease to function as a cell membrane component "Loose connective tissue in which fat cells accumulate" defines which term/ A: adipose tissue In humans, fatty acids are predominantly formed in the _________________________. A: liver, adipose tissue, and mammary glands during lactation Matt has eaten half a pound of sugar on a dare from Dr. Monroe the body builder. Name the process that the EXCESS sugars will undergo to be stored in the body. A: lipogenesis Adipose tissue cells consist of fat globules which can occupy up to ___ of the cell volume. A: most of the cell volume incIf a person is not able to fit into his clothes, and his set point is altered to increase adipose levels, he will; do which of the following? A: eat more A person is not breathing because the diaphragm is not contracting, what nerve could be injured? A: Phrenic nerve Polyunsaturated fats present in plant oils that our bodies do not synthesize are called... A: essential fatty acids Dr. Villa wants to prevent Dr. Pozos' body from breaking down lipids for digestion. To accomplish this which organ should he remove that produces a lipid hydrolyzing enzyme? A: Pancreas In the small intestines fatty acids, cholesterol, and triglycerides combine in epithelial cells to form complex structures called... A: chylomicrons The small intestine is divided into three parts which breaks down food and send those products directly where? A: The duodenum, jejunum, and ileum to the liver All of the following are true about bile EXCEPT: A: It is synthesized in the gallbladder Which one of the following has been hydrogenated to be solid at room temperature? A: margarine fastingty Matt, Dr. Pozos' personal chef, has secretly been adding the lipid docosahexaenoic acid in place of butter to his dinners. How will this affect his health? A: decrease in strokes When lipids are ingested as food they are emulsified by __________, and broken into fatty acids by__________. A: bile salts; pancreatic lipase from the pancreas Which anatomical site do you think the set point would be located? A: Brain incLipids have the most energy since they produce the most A: Both ATP and hydrogen ions A molecule formed from one glycerol and three fatty acid subunits by dehydration synthesis is a... A: triglyceride Fats and oils differ in their A: saturation of fatty acids The definition "A secretion that forms a waterproof coating over leaves, stems, and certain fruits of some terrestrial plants" is termed: A: cutin A: most of the cell volume The main use of Acetyl-CoA is: A: to convey the carbon atoms within the acetyl group to the citric acid cycle to be oxidized for energy production. Which characteristics makes glycerides filled with more energy than other types of fats? A: a large number of hydrogen ions If Dr. Pozos developed a condition where his body could not produce ketone bodies, how would this affect him when he is fasting? A: He would not be able to use any of his fat reserves for energy Which of the following has the most unsaturated fatty acids? A: Olive Oil Fatty acids make fats and oils by bonding to... A: Glycerol How would changing the polar phosphate group on a phospholipid to a non-polar group affect its physical/chemical properties? A: it would make the molecule completely hydrophobic and would cease to function as a cell membrane component "Loose connective tissue in which fat cells accumulate" defines which term/ incA: adipose tissue If an anorexic person wants to increase her adipose tissue, the set point is located in? A: Brain In humans, fatty acids are predominantly formed in the _________________________. A: liver, adipose tissue, and mammary glands during lactation Matt has eaten half a pound of sugar on a dare from Dr. Monroe the body builder. Name the process that the EXCESS sugars will undergo to be stored in the body. A: lipogenesis Adipose tissue cells consist of fat globules which can occupy up to ___ of the cell volume. A: 90% Polyunsaturated fats present in plant oils that our bodies do not synthesize are called... A: essential fatty acids Dr. Villa wants to prevent Dr. Pozos' body from breaking down lipids for digestion. To accomplish this which organ should he remove that produces a lipid hydrolyzing enzyme? A: Pancreas A monophospholipid layer allows for A: The structure to be filled with hydrophobic molecules like lipids In the small intestines fatty acids, cholesterol, and phospholipi triglycerides combine in epithelial cells to form complex structures called... A: chylomicrons All of the following are true about bile EXCEPT: A: It is synthesized in the gallbladder Which one of the following has been hydrogenated to be so ulid at room tempera A: margarine Matt, Dr. Pozos' personal chef, has secretly been adding the lipid docosahexaenoic acid in place of butter to his dinners. How will this affect his health? A: decrease in strokes incThe definition “A secretion that forms a waterproof coating over leaves, stems, and certain fruits of some terrestrial plants” is termed A: Cutin Which of the following is a reason as to why animals would create a waxy substance? A: Use as a waterproofing agent Fatty acids that cannot be constructed within an organism from other components are referred to as A: Essential fatty acids (EFAs) Which of the following is a simple and healthy way for controlling HDL and LDL levels? A: Exercise Aminophospholipid allows for… A: The structure to be filled with hydrophobic molecules like lipids Which of the following is known for creating plaques in blood vessels? A: LDLs A beeswax candle is which of the following? A: hydrogenated unsaturated fatty acid Lipids and lipid derivatives help to form which of the following? A: hormones incPICTURE ​Module 1​6​: DNA The cellular information to make a protein is stored long-term as this type of molecule.c A: DNA These macromolecules are different forms of cellular information required to run the cell. A: dna, rna, and proteins. DNA is stored within ce A: Long strands of double stranded DNA wrapped around proteins as chromosomes Which of the following is NOT true about an organism's genome? A: It is organized as lots of pieces of double stranded DNA. Which of the following is NOT TRUE a: humans are fully adapted to bipedal locomotionnean incA DNA double helix is formed through the interactions ​derthal hominoids​this part of a nucleotide. A: Nitrogenous base Every cell in your body contains __________ percent of your genome. A: 100 If we isolated DNA from your skin cells and your liver cells, they would have __________ DNA A: identical From the <a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/static/in_depth/sci_tech/2000/human_genome/default.stm">websit e associated with the module,</a> how much DNA resides in each cell of the human body? A: 6 feet [Show More]

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