1. What are the late signs of breathing compromise?: - Tracheal deviation
- JVD
2. What are signs of ineffective breathing?: - AMS
- Cyanosis, especially around the mouth
- Asymmetric expansion of chest wall
- P
...
1. What are the late signs of breathing compromise?: - Tracheal deviation
- JVD
2. What are signs of ineffective breathing?: - AMS
- Cyanosis, especially around the mouth
- Asymmetric expansion of chest wall
- Paradoxical movement of the chest wall during inspiration and expiration
- Use of accessory muscles or abdominal muscles or both or diaphragmatic
breathing
- Sucking chest wounds
- Absent or diminished breath sounds
- Administer O2 via NRB or assist ventilations with a bag-mask device, as indicated
- Anticipate definitive airway management to support ventilation.
3. Upon initial assessment, what type of oxygen should be used for a pt
breathing effectively?: A tight-fitting nonrebreather mask at 12-15 lpm.
4. What intervention should be done if a pt presents with effective circulation?: - Insert 2 large caliber IV's
- Administer warmed isotonic crystalloid solution at an appropriate rate
5. What are signs of ineffective circulation?: - Tachycardia
- AMS
- Uncontrolled external bleeding
- Pale, cool, moist skin
- Distended or abnormally flattened external jugular veins
- Distant heart sounds
6. What are the interventions for Effective/Ineffective Circulation?: - Control
any uncontrolled external bleeding by:
- Applying direct pressure over bleeding site
- Elevating bleeding extremity
- Applying pressure over arterial pressure points
- Using tourniquet (last resort).
- Cannulate 2 large-caliber IV's and initiate infusions of an isotonic crystalloid
solution
- Use warmed solution
- Use pressure bags to increase speed of IVF infusion
- Use blood administration tubing for possible administration of blood
- Use rapid infusion device based on protocol
- Use NS 0.9% in same tubing as blood product
- IV = surgical cut-down, central line, or both.
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