Part I – Please circle the most appropriate answer (1 mark each). 1. Garett Hardin believes that it is unfair to ask people to refrain from personal gain because a) not everybody can control themselves equally. b) people
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Part I – Please circle the most appropriate answer (1 mark each). 1. Garett Hardin believes that it is unfair to ask people to refrain from personal gain because a) not everybody can control themselves equally. b) people will be conflicted, fighting their inner nature to seek the greatest advantage. c) not everyone has equal opportunities. d) shaming people into doing the right thing has never worked. e) he actually things it is fair to ask people to limited personal gain. 2. Hardin says ruin and resource destruction are a result of a) cooperation b) privatization c) freedom in the commons d) regulation e) acting ethically 3. What is the ethical problem with volunteering for Hardin? a) Nothing. Hardin encourages it. b) You get little recognition. c) People always do it for self-interested reasons. d) It allows for those who don’t volunteer to take advantage of those who do. e) The causes are often suspect. 4. __________ decisions and __________ decisions are not always the same in Sagoff’s view. a) Political, military b) Economic, environmental c) Economic, military d) Political, economic 5. The current environmental policy is, in Sagoff’s words, “pitched entirely at the level of the __________.” a) corporation b) legislative branch c) consumer d) small business e) None of the above 6. It seems as though spending money to preserve open space is less what overall? a) Expensive b) Efficient c) Religious d) Environmentally friendly e) All of the above Page 1 This study source was downloaded by 100000850301844 from CourseHero.com on 07-31-2022 11:46:50 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/74154469/Quiz-3docxdocx/ 7. Not all of us, according to Mark Sagoff, see “ourselves simply as __________.” a) business moguls b) human beings c) consumers d) kings e) children 8. Cost-benefit analysis typically treats all __________ judgments, other than ones that support its behalf, as mere __________. a) political, guidelines b) value, guidelines c) value, preferences d) preference, value e) partisan, suggestions 9. Baxter shows how specific questions regarding policies, such as those of an environmental nature, are one way of uncovering what? a) Specific individual motives b) General community goals c) A scandal d) A general policy agenda e) Governmental disingenuousness 10. Which of the following is NOT one of Baxter’s criteria that constitute his position regarding pollution? a) The spheres of freedom criterion b) Waste is bad. c) Humans should not be considered a means. d) Incentive and opportunity to gain satisfaction e) Redistribution of pollution 11. What proposition does Baxter reject in regard to preserving the environment? a) It should be done at all costs. b) It should only be done when it is to the benefit of man. c) Preserving the environment should be the consumers’ responsibility. d) Businesses have no ethical responsibility to help the environment. e) None of the above. 12. Peter Singer discusses the example of the drowning child to demonstrate that: a) We have no obligations to children. b) There is no law that requires us to be good Samaritans. c) We have an ethical duty to assist the poor. d) Children are victims of capitalism. e) People are basically selfish. Page 2 This study source was downloaded by 100000850301844 from CourseHero.com on 07-31-2022 11:46:50 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/74154469/Quiz-3docxdocx/ 13. Poverty at the absolute level means that: a) People do not always get the nutrition they need. b) One’s life expectancy is much lower. c) The literacy rate is 60 percent lower. d) The infant mortality rate is drastically high. e) All of the above are true. 14. In __________, most of the produced grain is fed to __________. a) France, the poor b) America, the poor c) America, needy children d) America, animals e) North America, needy children 15. Singer believes that we can harm __________ by harming the environment. a) sea creatures b) the whole earth c) ourselves d) mountain birds e) the coral reef 16. Singer’s term “speciesism” refers to the belief that: a) The suffering of other species has no moral significance. b) Other species should be treated the same as humans. c) Other species should not be treated the same as humans. d) Everyone should be vegetarian. e) Nonhuman animals can feel pain. 17. Singer believes that humans, but also what, have interests? a) Markets b) Nonhumans c) Aliens d) Algae e) Machines 18. What is Singer’s point about pest control? a) We should look for methods that cause animals less pain and suffering. b) We should not kill pest animals, because they should be treated equally with humans. c) We should consider restricting pest animals from breeding. d) Both (b) and (c) e) Both (a) and (c) Page 3 This study source was downloaded by 100000850301844 from CourseHero.com on 07-31-2022 11:46:50 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/74154469/Quiz-3docxdocx/ 19. Singer’s main point about animals is that: a) Causing them to suffer is morally wrong. b) They should have equal rights with humans. c) We should love them as brothers and sisters. d) We should not allow species to go extinct. e) Harming animals harms ourselves. Part II – Short Answer (3 marks each) 12. Why does M. Sagoff believe that it is acceptable for me to purse my own interests and advocate against those interests?
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