C787 Module 3 Study Guide.

Unit 3: Healthy Nutritional Choices (Cohort 1 Video) Reading: Chapter 10: Importance of Public Health Nutrition Programs in Preventing Disease “It appears that the increasing trend of overweight and obesity will likely ...

Unit 3: Healthy Nutritional Choices (Cohort 1 Video) Reading: Chapter 10: Importance of Public Health Nutrition Programs in Preventing Disease “It appears that the increasing trend of overweight and obesity will likely overtake tobacco as the leading preventable cause of mortality in the United States” What are the primary diseases associated with poor diet and lifestyle? CAD, stroke, HTNs, diabetes, arthritis r/t disabilities, sleep apnea, gallbladder disease & some cancers How much of the total healthcare expenditures is spent on preventative approaches to preventable disease? 3% Define and provide examples of prevention strategies: Primary: encourage health-enhancing behaviors by giving individuals, families, and communities ways to reduce risk factors associated with disease and injury. Ex: nutrition and weight management classes in a community center for adults, environmental changes to provide nutritious choices in a school cafeteria vending machine, and Fruits and Veggies Matter campaigns to increase the availability of fresh fruits and vegetables from farmers’ markets. Primary prevention strategies seek to expand the positive potential of health Secondary: includes risk appraisal and screening to emphasize early detection/diagnosis of disease. Begins at the point where the pathology of a disease may occur. It encompasses diagnostic services that include screening, surveillance, and clinical examinations. One model for secondary prevention involving screening is a cholesterol screening program for early detection of cardiovascular problems, such as elevated blood pressure, elevated blood cholesterol, and high glucose levels. Strategies are aimed at self-care for people with chronic diseases. Ex: an education and awareness program to teach a woman with a history of gestational diabetes how to control her weight through diet and exercise Tertiary: involves treatment and rehabilitation and is defined as the reduction in the amount of disability caused by a disease to achieve the highest level of function. Tertiary factors include diabetes, kidney disease, and angina. The goal is the prevention of further disability and any secondary conditions that might result from the initial health problem. Ex: medical nutrition therapy (MNT) for people suffering from kidney disease, nutrition education about vitamin and mineral supplementation and feeding strategies to prevent further complications of wasting from HIV/AIDS, and cardiac rehabilitation through diet, exercise, and stress management. The ultimate goal is, through rehabilitation, to restore the individual to an “optimal” level of functioning, given the constraints of the disease. What are some factors that contribute to overweight and obesity (modifiable and non-modifiable)? Metabolic and genetic factors, as well as behaviors affecting dietary intake and physical activity, contribute to being overweight. Cultural, environmental, and socioeconomic influences also play a role. Most overweight and obese individuals eat more calories from food than they expend through physical activity. People with low food securities (high insecurities) are associated with obesity D/T eating high caloric food without good nutrition What are the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGAs) key recommendations?  A variety of vegetables from all of the subgroups—dark green, red and orange, legumes (beans and peas), starchy, and other  Fruits, especially whole fruits This study source was downloaded by 100000831777157 from CourseHero.com on 08-01-2022 03:44:36 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/58253292/C787-Module-3-Study-Guidedocx/  Grains, at least half of which are whole grains  Fat-free or low-fat dairy, including milk, yogurt, cheese, or fortified soy beverages  A variety of protein foods, including seafood, lean meats and poultry, eggs, legumes (beans and peas), and nuts, seeds, and soy products & Oils  Limit saturated fats and trans fats, added sugars, and sodium. How much weight loss (percent of total body weight) has been shown to improve health risks associated with overweight and obesity? A weight loss of as little as 10% can improve health risks associated with overweight and obesity What is the relationship between cholesterol (dyslipidemia) and cardiovascular disease and how can this be managed through diet?  Dyslipidemia is characterized by an abnormality in plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, or both. In many developed countries, dyslipidemia presents as hyperlipidemia and contributes to the development of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is characterized by the build-up of plaques along the inner walls of the arteries, causing inadequate blood flow and leading to serious cardiovascular problems.  Cardiovascular diseases include diseases of the heart and blood vessels: CHD, stroke, and peripheral vascular diseases. CHD is the most common form of cardiovascular disease, and usually involves atherosclerosis and hypertension. The consequences of cardiovascular disease are usually heart disease and stroke  High blood cholesterol is one of the major independent risk factors for heart disease and stroke What is the relationship between hypertension and cardiovascular disease and how can this be managed through diet?  High blood pressure is a major independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Hypertension increases the risk of heart attack, heart failure, stroke, and kidney disease  Dietary approac