ECG Interpretation Final Exam Review
HEXAXIAL SYSTEM 0= - LEAD I
HEXAXIAL SYSTEM +60= - LEAD II
HEXAXIAL SYSTEM +120= - LEAD III
HEXAXIAL SYSTEM -30= - LEAD AVL
HEXAXIAL SYSTEM -90= - LEAD AVF
HEXAXIAL
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ECG Interpretation Final Exam Review
HEXAXIAL SYSTEM 0= - LEAD I
HEXAXIAL SYSTEM +60= - LEAD II
HEXAXIAL SYSTEM +120= - LEAD III
HEXAXIAL SYSTEM -30= - LEAD AVL
HEXAXIAL SYSTEM -90= - LEAD AVF
HEXAXIAL SYSTEM -150= - LEAD AVR
R WAVE TRANSITION
EARLY - V1, V2
MORE VERTICAL ORIENTATION
R WAVE TRANSITION
LATE - V5, V6
MORE HORIZONTAL ORIENTATION
QRS AXIS
RIGHT AXIS DEVIATION - FROM +105-->+/-180
QRS AXIS
LEFT AXIS DEVIATION - FROM -90-->-30
QRS AXIS
INDETERMINATE - ALL LEADS ARE BIPHASIC
AUGMENTED LEADS
UNIPOLAR - AVL
AVF
AVR
BIPOLAR EXTREMITY LEADS - I
II
III
PRECORDIAL/CHEST LEADS
UNIPOLAR - V1
V2
V3
V4
V5
V6
ECG PAPER CALIBRATION
CAN BE NORMAL, HALF OR DOUBLE - 10 MM
25MM/SEC
SINUS ARRYTHMIAS - ORIGINATES IN SINUS NODE AND DISCHARGES IRREGULARLY
6 SEC METHOD FOR CALCULATING ARRYTHMIAS - COUNT WITHIN LARGE BLACK DASHES
COUNT # OF R-WAVES PRESENT
X10
SINUS BLOCK - BASIC RHYTHM RESUMES AFTER PAUSE (R-R)
SINUS ARREST - BASIC RHYTHM DOES NOT RESUME AFTER PAUSE
CARDIAC ENLARGEMENT IS DUE TO:
HYPERTROPHY - PRESSURE OVERLOAD
CARDIAC ENLARGEMENT IS DUE TO:
DILATION - VOLUME OVERLOAD
HYPERTROPHY
RIGHT ATRIAL - ELEVATION >2.5MM
LEAD I,II,AVF
HYPERTROPHY
LEFT ATRIAL - DEEPLY INVERTED V1
NOTCHED
HYPERTROPHY
LEFT VENTRICULAR 1 - R LEAD + S LEAD III >/=25MM
HYPERTROPHY
LEFT VENTRICULAR 2 - S LEAD V1 + R LEAD V5/V6 >/=35MM
HYPERTROPHY
LEFT VENTRICULAR 3 - ST & WAVE DEVIATION
HYPERTROPHY
LEFT VENTRICULAR 4 - LEFT AXIS DEVIATION
HYPERTROPHY
RIGHT VENTRICULAR - V1 IS POSITIVE
R-WAVE >7MM
DEPOLARIZATION - ELECTRICAL IMPULSE INTITIATES, CELL IS + CHARGED
REPOLARIZATION - CELL RETURNS TO NORMAL NEGATIVITY
PR INTERVAL TIMING (NORMAL) - .12-.20 SECONDS
QRS COMPLEX TIMING (NORMAL) - .04-.12 SECONDS
MECHANISMS OF ATRIAL ARRHYTHMIAS - 1. ALTERED
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