Kaplan Nursing school entrance exam :)

Kaplan Nursing school entrance exam :) What are amino acids? Correct Answer: Polymers of 20 molecules What are steroids? Correct Answer: Precursors to hormones and drugs What are phospholipids? Correct Answer: ...

Kaplan Nursing school entrance exam :) What are amino acids? Correct Answer: Polymers of 20 molecules What are steroids? Correct Answer: Precursors to hormones and drugs What are phospholipids? Correct Answer: 2 fatty acids bonded to phosphate group What are the 3 types of lipids? Correct Answer: ● Fatty acids ● Phospholipids ● Steroids What do enzymes do? Correct Answer: Catalyze different reactions and processes What are unsaturated lipids? Correct Answer: ● Has 1 or more double bonds ● Is liquid ● Is good What are saturated lipids? Correct Answer: ● Has no double bonds ● Is solid ● Is bad What are carbs? Correct Answer: ● Structure, storage, energy ● Backbone of DNA and RNA DNA contains what? Correct Answer: Code necessary for replication What does RNA do? Correct Answer: Transfer information from DNA What is metabolism? Correct Answer: Sum of all chemical reactions that occur in organism What are metabolic pathways? Correct Answer: High to low energy Prokaryotic cells have? Correct Answer: No nucleus and No organelles Eukaryotic cells have? Correct Answer: ● Have a nucleus ● Are more complex The nucleus contains? Correct Answer: DNA of the cell and RNA Chromosomes contain? Correct Answer: Genetic information for regeneration of the cell and instructions for function Where are bound ribosomes? Correct Answer: In the endoplasmic reticulum or ER Where are the free ribosomes? Correct Answer: In the cytoplasm What does the Golgi Apparatus do? Correct Answer: Transports proteins Where does intracellular digestion take place? Correct Answer: Lysosomes What do lysosomes contain? Correct Answer: Hydrolytic enzymes What do hydrolytic enzymes do? Correct Answer: Hydrolyze fats- lipids- nucleic acids- and proteins Lysosomes contain a _____ Correct Answer: Acidic environment What PH do lysosomes have? Correct Answer: 4.5 How do cells uptake food through the cell membrane? Correct Answer: Phagocytosis What does it create? Correct Answer: Vacuole Mitochondria is found in Correct Answer: Eukaryotic cells Where does cellular respiration take place? Correct Answer: Mitochondria Chloroplast is found in Correct Answer: Plants What is the site of photosynthesis? Correct Answer: Chloroplast What is the hierarchy organizational system? Correct Answer: 1. Kingdom 2. Phylum 3. Class 4. Order 5. Family 6. Genus 7. species What is the scientific method? Correct Answer: 1. Observe 2. Hypothesis 3. Experiment 4. conclusion What are the biological molecules? Correct Answer: Carbs Lipids Proteins Nucleic acids What are the 2 types od asexual reproduction? Correct Answer: 1. Binary Fission 2. Mitosis What are the 5 stages of mitosis? Correct Answer: 1. Prophase 2. Prometaphase 3. Metaphase 4. Anaphase 5. telophase What is prophase? Correct Answer: ● Chromosomes are visibly separated ● 2 noticeable sister chromatids What is telophase? Correct Answer: ● Chromosomes gather on either side of separating cell What is anaphase? Correct Answer: ● Chromosomes start to separate What is metaphase? Correct Answer: ● Chromosomes align What is prometaphase? Correct Answer: ● Nuclear envelope begins to - ● Chromosomes begin to attach to spindle Rough ER Correct Answer: Responsible for protein synthesis and membrane production Smooth ER Correct Answer: Detox and metabolism or multiple molecules Why is mitosis necessary? Correct Answer: Growth and repair What happens in mitosis? Correct Answer: DNA is duplicated and distributed evenly to 2 daughter cells Where does meiosis take place? Correct Answer: Gonads (ovaries and testes) What is osmosis? Correct Answer: Diffusion of water from a region of lower solute concentration to a region of higher solute concentration Hypertonic Correct Answer: When cytoplasm of a cell has lower solute concentration than the extracellular medium Hypotonic Correct Answer: Cytoplasm of a cell has higher solute concentration than the extracellular medium Passive diffusion Correct Answer: Does not require proteins since it occurs directly through the membrane- no external energy is required Facilitated diffusion Movement of dissolved particles across concentration gradients with the help of carrier proteins- Does not require energy Active transport Correct Answer: Requires energy and is necessary to maintain membrane potential in specialized cells such as neurons 3 types of transport proteins Correct Answer: -Uniport carry single solute across membrane -Symport translocate two different solutes simultaneously in the same direction Antiport Correct Answer: exchange two solutes by transporting one into the cell and one out of the cell Alimentary canal Correct Answer: Oral cavity- pharynx- esophagus- stomach- small intestine- large intestine- rectum- anus Accessory organs Correct Answer: Liver- pancreas- and gallbladder Hydrochloric Acid (HCL) Correct Answer: Breaks down food and neutralizes bacteria and ingested food Which of the following controls the flow of chyme from the stomach into the small intestine? Correct Answer: Pyloric sphincter Where does digestion and absorption of food occur? Correct Answer: Small intestine What does the small intestine consist of? Correct Answer: Duodenum- jejunum- ileum All nutrients enter what to be routed to the liver for decontamination? Correct Answer: Hepatic portal vein What does the large intestine do? Correct Answer: Reabsorbs water and stores a