NR 601 FINAL Exam preview questions. 100% Coverage & Mastery. Graded A+
Type 1 diabetes acute presentation - ✔✔DKA (30% of people will present)
Type 2 diabetes acute presentation - ✔✔HHNS
DKA - ✔✔acetone and k
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NR 601 FINAL Exam preview questions. 100% Coverage & Mastery. Graded A+
Type 1 diabetes acute presentation - ✔✔DKA (30% of people will present)
Type 2 diabetes acute presentation - ✔✔HHNS
DKA - ✔✔acetone and keytones increase! once treated expect postassium to drop! have K+ ready
Type 1 & 2 diabetes subacute presentation - ✔✔Fatigue, thirst, urination, weight loss
Most common in type 1
In type 2, it will be more vague symptoms and fatigue
Most common way type two diabetes is diagnosed - ✔✔Screening at risk individuals
Diabetes Mellitus - ✔✔insulin is not secreted adequately or tissues are resistant to its effects
Prediabetes Hgb A1C - ✔✔5.7-6.4%
Prediabetes 2 hour gtt - ✔✔140-199
Prediabetes fasting - ✔✔00-125
Diabetes Random - ✔✔>=200
Diabetes Fasting - ✔✔>=126
Diabetes 2hr gtt - ✔✔>=200
Type 1 diabetes - ✔✔immune system attacks the beta cells in the pancreas to prohibit them from releasing insulin
AUTOIMMUNE DISORDER
Usually presents in childhood
Genetic and environmental trigger
Insulin Deficiency
Type 2 diabetes - ✔✔usually presents in adults with HTN and obesity
Cells in the body do not react to the insulin
Genetic Predisposition
Insulin Resistance/Relative insulin deficiency
Medications that cause diabetes - ✔✔Glucocoriticoids
(Given in asthma and Crohn's Disease
dysuria - ✔✔subjective experience of painful or burnign on urination
Dysuria Cause - ✔✔inflammation
bladder/urethral infection
most common cause is lower UTI
Medications that can cause dysuria - ✔✔SSRI
opiates
Scopalamine
Less common causes of dysuris - ✔✔Tumors
Renal Failure
Nephrolithiasis
STIs
Heamuturia Diagnostically - ✔✔3 RBCs or more per high powered field
Transient Hematuria - ✔✔Occurs on one occasion
Persistent - ✔✔occurs on two or more occosion
Substances that can mock hematuria - ✔✔Beets
Substances that can be related to hematuria - ✔✔caffeine, spices, tomatoes, chocolate, alcholol, citurs, soy sauce
medications that cause hematuria - ✔✔Beta-lactam antibiotics, sulfonamides, NSAIDs, Cipro, allopurinol, tagamet, dilantin
Any hematuria in a male over 50 requires? - ✔✔further work up
What indicates hematuria is of renal origin? - ✔✔Casts
What does proteinuria mean? - ✔✔Typically indicates renal pathology, specifically glmerular in origin
Mild Transient Proteinuria can result from? - ✔✔Fever, CHF, acute pulmonary edema, head injury, or stroke
Proteinuria will improve as the patient's condition improves
Bence Jones Proteins - ✔✔present in MM, lymphosarcoma, leukemia, and Hodgkin's disease
Intermittent Proteinuria is often? - ✔✔Asymptomatic and benign
Continuous Proteinuria is often? - ✔✔Renal Pathology
Best test for proteinuria? - ✔✔24 hour urine
more than 160mg of urine is abnormal
3.5g of protein - ✔✔indicative of nephrotic disease
When should a patient be refered to a nephrologist? - ✔✔If the protein excretion rate is above 3.0-3.5 grams/ day
which indicates nephrotic syndrome
Type 1 insulin therapy goals a1c - ✔✔80-130
Typle 1 insulin therapy goals 2hpp - ✔✔<180
type 1 insulin therapy goals A1C - ✔✔<7%
Diabetes type1a - ✔✔insulin dependent
diabetes type 1b - ✔✔variably insulin dependent
First line treatment for type 2 diabetes? - ✔✔lifestyle managment
weight loss of at least 5%
Metformin not used with an eGFR below?? - ✔✔45/ 1.73
Typle 2 diabetes a1c strong control - ✔✔less than 7%
type 2 diabetes decrease complications a1c? - ✔✔6.5% or less
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