NR 601 FINAL Exam preview questions. 100% Coverage & Mastery. Graded A+

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NR 601 FINAL Exam preview questions. 100% Coverage & Mastery. Graded A+ Type 1 diabetes acute presentation - ✔✔DKA (30% of people will present) Type 2 diabetes acute presentation - ✔✔H ... HNS DKA - ✔✔acetone and keytones increase! once treated expect postassium to drop! have K+ ready Type 1 & 2 diabetes subacute presentation - ✔✔Fatigue, thirst, urination, weight loss Most common in type 1 In type 2, it will be more vague symptoms and fatigue Most common way type two diabetes is diagnosed - ✔✔Screening at risk individuals Diabetes Mellitus - ✔✔insulin is not secreted adequately or tissues are resistant to its effects Prediabetes Hgb A1C - ✔✔5.7-6.4% Prediabetes 2 hour gtt - ✔✔140-199 Prediabetes fasting - ✔✔00-125 Diabetes Random - ✔✔>=200 Diabetes Fasting - ✔✔>=126 Diabetes 2hr gtt - ✔✔>=200 Type 1 diabetes - ✔✔immune system attacks the beta cells in the pancreas to prohibit them from releasing insulin AUTOIMMUNE DISORDER Usually presents in childhood Genetic and environmental trigger Insulin Deficiency Type 2 diabetes - ✔✔usually presents in adults with HTN and obesity Cells in the body do not react to the insulin Genetic Predisposition Insulin Resistance/Relative insulin deficiency Medications that cause diabetes - ✔✔Glucocoriticoids (Given in asthma and Crohn's Disease dysuria - ✔✔subjective experience of painful or burnign on urination Dysuria Cause - ✔✔inflammation bladder/urethral infection most common cause is lower UTI Medications that can cause dysuria - ✔✔SSRI opiates Scopalamine Less common causes of dysuris - ✔✔Tumors Renal Failure Nephrolithiasis STIs Heamuturia Diagnostically - ✔✔3 RBCs or more per high powered field Transient Hematuria - ✔✔Occurs on one occasion Persistent - ✔✔occurs on two or more occosion Substances that can mock hematuria - ✔✔Beets Substances that can be related to hematuria - ✔✔caffeine, spices, tomatoes, chocolate, alcholol, citurs, soy sauce medications that cause hematuria - ✔✔Beta-lactam antibiotics, sulfonamides, NSAIDs, Cipro, allopurinol, tagamet, dilantin Any hematuria in a male over 50 requires? - ✔✔further work up What indicates hematuria is of renal origin? - ✔✔Casts What does proteinuria mean? - ✔✔Typically indicates renal pathology, specifically glmerular in origin Mild Transient Proteinuria can result from? - ✔✔Fever, CHF, acute pulmonary edema, head injury, or stroke Proteinuria will improve as the patient's condition improves Bence Jones Proteins - ✔✔present in MM, lymphosarcoma, leukemia, and Hodgkin's disease Intermittent Proteinuria is often? - ✔✔Asymptomatic and benign Continuous Proteinuria is often? - ✔✔Renal Pathology Best test for proteinuria? - ✔✔24 hour urine more than 160mg of urine is abnormal 3.5g of protein - ✔✔indicative of nephrotic disease When should a patient be refered to a nephrologist? - ✔✔If the protein excretion rate is above 3.0-3.5 grams/ day which indicates nephrotic syndrome Type 1 insulin therapy goals a1c - ✔✔80-130 Typle 1 insulin therapy goals 2hpp - ✔✔<180 type 1 insulin therapy goals A1C - ✔✔<7% Diabetes type1a - ✔✔insulin dependent diabetes type 1b - ✔✔variably insulin dependent First line treatment for type 2 diabetes? - ✔✔lifestyle managment weight loss of at least 5% Metformin not used with an eGFR below?? - ✔✔45/ 1.73 Typle 2 diabetes a1c strong control - ✔✔less than 7% type 2 diabetes decrease complications a1c? - ✔✔6.5% or less [Show More]

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