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2022 AQA GCSE Biology Paper 1 with complete solutions

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2022 AQA GCSE Biology Paper 1 with complete solutions What are the two types of cells? ● Eukaryotic (plant and animal) ● Prokaryotic (bacteria) What are the differences between eukaryoti ... c and prokaryotic cells? Prokaryotic cells are much smaller than eukaryotic cells. Eukaryotic cells contain membrane bound-organelles and a nucleus containing genetic material, while prokaryotes do not. 01:04 01:14 How is genetic information stored in a prokaryotic cell? Found free within the cytoplasm as: ● Chromosomal DNA (single large loop of circular DNA) ● Plasmid DNA What are plasmids? ● Small, circular loops of DNA found free in the cytoplasm and separate from the main DNA. ● Carry genes that provide genetic advantages e.g. antibiotic resistance. List the components of both plant and animal cells (5) ● Nucleus ● Cytoplasm ● Cell membrane ● Mitochondria ● Ribosomes List the additional cell components found in plant cells (3) ● Chloroplasts ● Permanent vacuole ● Cell wall Other than storing genetic information, what is the function of the nucleus? Controls cellular activities Describe the structure of the cytoplasm ● Fluid component of the cell. ● Contains organelles, enzymes and dissolved ions and nutrients. What is the function of the cytoplasm? Site of cellular reactions e.g. first stage of respiration. Transport medium. What is the function of the cell membrane? Controls the entry and exit of materials into and out of the cell. What is the function of the mitochondria? Site of later stages of aerobic respiration in which ATP is produced. What is the function of the ribosomes? Joins amino acids in a specific order during translation for the synthesis of proteins. [Show More]

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