NCLEX Pediatrics TEST BANK 2022

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NCLEX Pediatrics TEST BANK 2022 A nurse is teaching an adolescent with inflammatory bowel disease about treatment with corticosteroids. Which adverse effects are concerns for this client? Select all ... that apply. 1. Acne 2. Hirsutism 3. Mood swings 4. Osteoporosis 5. Growth spurts 6. Adrenal suppression Correct Answer: 1. Acne 2. Hirsutism 3. Mood swings 4. Osteoporosis 6. Adrenal suppression RATIONALE: Adverse effects of corticosteroids include acne, hirsutism, mood swings, osteoporosis, and adrenal suppression. Steroid use in children and adolescents may cause delayed growth, not growth spurts. A nurse is conducting an examination of a 6-month-old baby. During the examination, the nurse should be able to elicit which reflex? 1. Babinski's 2. Startle 3. Moro's 4. Dance Correct Answer: 1. Babinski's RATIONALE: The nurse should be able to elicit the Babinski's reflex because it may be present the entire first year of life. The startle reflex actually disappears around 4 months of age; the Moro's reflex, by 3 or 4 months of age; and the dance reflex, after the third or fourth week. When teaching a parent of a school-age child about signs and symptoms of fever that require immediate notification of the physician, which description should the nurse include? 1. Burning or pain with urination 2. Complaints of a stiff neck 3. Fever disappearing for longer than 24 hours, then returning 4. History of febrile seizures Correct Answer: 2. Complaints of a stiff neck RATIONALE: The nurse should discuss complaints of a stiff neck because fever and a stiff neck indicate possible meningitis. Burning or pain with urination, fever that disappears for 24 hours then returns, and a history of febrile seizures should be addressed by the physician but can wait until office hours. After being hospitalized for status asthmaticus, a child, age 5, is discharged with prednisone (Deltasone) and other oral medications. Two weeks later, when the child comes to the clinic for a checkup, the nurse instructs the mother to gradually decrease the dosage of prednisone, which will be discontinued. The mother asks why prednisone must be discontinued. How should the nurse respond? 1. "Steroids increase the appetite, leading to obesity with prolonged use." 2. "Long-term steroid therapy may interfere with a child's growth." 3. "The child may develop a hypersensitivity to steroids with continued use." 4. "Prolonged steroid use may cause depression." Correct Answer: 2. "Long-term steroid therapy may interfere with a child's growth." RATIONALE: Steroids suppress release of adrenocorticotropic hormone from the pituitary gland, stopping production of endogenous hormones by the adrenal cortex. Because prolonged adrenal suppression may cause growth retardation in a child, the duration and dosage of steroid therapy must be kept to a minimum. Steroids also may cause central nervous system effects, such as euphoria, insomnia, and mood swings. Although steroids increase the appetite, this effect isn't the reason for limiting their use in children. Steroids are present in the body, so hypersensitivity isn't a problem, and they're likely to cause euphoria, not depression. A hospitalized infant, age 10 months, begins to choke while eating and quickly becomes unconscious. A foreign object isn't visible in the infant's airway, but respirations are absent and the pulse is 50 beats/minute and thready. The nurse attempts rescue breathing, but the ventilations are unsuccessful. What should the nurse do next? 1. Deliver five back blows. 2. Deliver five chest thrusts. 3. Perform chest compressions. 4. Deliver five abdominal thrusts. Correct Answer: 1. Deliver five back blows. RATIONALE: If rescue breathing is unsuccessful in a child younger than age 1, the nurse should deliver five back blows, followed by five chest thrusts, to try to expel the object from the obstructed airway. The nurse shouldn't perform chest compressions because the infant has a pulse and because chest compressions are ineffective without a patent airway for ventilation. The nurse shouldn't use abdominal thrusts for a child younger than age 1 because they can injure the abdominal organs. An adolescent is admitted for treatment of bulimia nervosa. When developing the care plan, the nurse anticipates including interventions that address which metabolic disorder? 1. Hypoglycemia 2. Metabolic alkalosis 3. Metabolic acidosis 4. Hyperkalemia Correct Answer: 2. Metabolic alkalosis RATIONALE: In a client with bulimia nervosa, metabolic alkalosis may occur secondary to hydrogen loss caused by frequent, self-induced vomiting. Typically, the blood glucose level is within normal limits, making hypoglycemia unlikely. In bulimia nervosa, hypokalemia is more common than hyperkalemia and typically results from potassium loss related to frequent vomiting. An infant is hospitalized for treatment of inorganic failure to thrive. Which nursing action is most appropriate for this child? 1. Encouraging the infant to hold a bottle 2. Keeping the infant on bed rest to conserve energy 3. Rotating caregivers to provide more stimulation 4. Maintaining a consistent, structured environment Correct Answer: 4. Maintaining a consistent, structured environment RATIONALE: The nurse caring for an infant with inorganic failure to thrive should strive to maintain a consistent, structured environment because it reinforces a caring feeding environment. Encouraging the infant to hold a bottle would reinforce an uncaring feeding environment. The infant should receive social stimulation rather than be confined to bed rest. The number of caregivers should be minimized to promote consistency of care. During a well-baby visit, a mother asks the nurse when she should start giving her infant solid foods. The nurse should instruct her to introduce which solid food first? 1. Applesauce 2. Egg whites 3. Rice cereal 4. Yogurt Correct Answer: 3. Rice cereal RATIONALE: The nurse should instruct her to introduce rice cereal first because it's easy to digest and is associated with few allergies. Next, the infant can receive pureed fruits, such as bananas, applesauce, and pears, followed by pureed vegetables, egg yolks, cheese, yogurt and, finally, meat. Egg whites shouldn't be given until age 9 months because they may trigger a food allergy. A child who was hospitalized for sickle cell crisis is being discharged. Which parent outcome demonstrates effective teaching regarding prevention of future crises? 1. The parent verbalizes the need to stay away from persons with known infections. 2. The parent verbalizes appropriate dietary restrictions. 3. The parent verbalizes the need to restrict fluid intake. 4. The parent participates in an aerobic exercise program. Correct Answer: 1. The parent verbalizes the need to stay away from persons with known infections. RATIONALE: Preventing infections through proper hand washing and staying away from persons with known infections is an important measure in preventing sickle cell crises. Dietary restrictions aren't significant in preventing these crises. The client should maintain adequate hydration, not restrict fluid intake, and should avoid strenuous activity such as aerobics. A nurse is teaching a parent how to administer antibiotics at home to a toddler with acute otitis media. Which statement by the parent indicates that teaching has been successful? 1. "I'll give the antibiotics for the full 10-day course of treatment." 2. "I'll give the antibiotics until my child's ear pain is gone." 3. "Whenever my child is cranky or pulls on an ear, I'll give a dose of antibiotics." 4. "If the ear pain is gone, there's no need to see the physician for another examination of the ears." Correct Answer: 1. "I'll give the antibiotics for the full 10-day course of treatment." RATIONALE: The mother demonstrates understanding of antibiotic therapy by stating she'll give the full 10-day course of treatment. Antibiotics must be given for the full course of therapy, even if the child feels well. Otherwise, the infection won't be eradicated. Antibiotics should be taken at ordered intervals to maintain blood levels and not as needed for pain. A reexamination at the end of the course of antibiotics is necessary to confirm that the infection is resolved. A child, age 15 months, is recovering from surgery to remove a Wilms' tumor. Which finding best indicates that the child is free from pain? 1. Decreased appetite 2. Increased heart rate 3. Decreased urine output 4. Increased interest in play Correct Answer: 4. Increased interest in play RATIONALE: A behavioral change is one of the most valuable clues to pain. A child who's pain-free likes to play. In contrast, a child in pain is less likely to play or to consume food or fluids. An increased heart rate may indicate increased pain. Decreased urine output may signify dehydration. A toddler develops acute otitis media and is ordered cefpodoxime proxetil (Vantin) 5 mg/kg P.O. every 12 hours. If the child weighs 22 lb (10 kg), how many milligrams will the nurse administer with each dose? 1. 50 mg 2. 100 mg 3. 110 mg 4. 220 mg Correct Answer: 1. 50 mg RATIONALE: The dose is 5 mg/kg and the child weighs 10 kg. To determine the dose, the nurse would calculate: 5 mg/1 kg × 10 kg = 50 mg per dose. A nurse is working on the pediatric unit. Which assignment best demonstrates primary care nursing? 1. Caring for the same child from admission to discharge 2. Caring for different children each shift to gain nursing experience 3. Taking vital signs for every child hospitalized on the unit 4. Assuming the charge nurse role instead of participating in direct child care Correct Answer: 1. Caring for the same child from admission to discharge RATIONALE: Primary care nursing requires that the primary nurse care for the same child (to whom she's assigned) during her scheduled shift. The associate nurse is assigned to the child care assignment when the primary nurse has a day off or during the evening and night shifts. Caring for different children each shift doesn't promote continuity of care. Taking vital signs for every child on the floor is an example of team nursing, in which each member of the team is assigned one specific task for each child. The charge nurse may be directly involved in child care. A 10-month-old infant with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) experiences a cyanotic episode. To improve oxygenation during such an episode, the nurse should place the infant in which position? 1. Knee-to-chest 2. Fowler's 3. Trendelenburg's 4. Prone Correct Answer: 1. Knee-to-chest RATIONALE: TOF involves four defects: pulmonary stenosis, right ventricular hypertrophy, ventricular-septal defect (VSD), and dextroposition of the aorta with overriding of the VSD. Pulmonary stenosis decreases pulmonary blood flow and right-to-left shunting via the VSD, causing desaturated blood to circulate. The nurse should place the child in the knee-to-chest position because this position reduces venous return from the legs and increases systemic vascular resistance, maximizing pulmonary blood flow and improving oxygenation status. Fowler's, Trendelenburg's, and the prone positions don't improve oxygenation. A nurse has just administered a drug to a child. Which organ is most responsible for drug excretion in children? 1. Heart 2. Lungs 3. Kidneys 4. Liver Correct Answer: 3. Kidneys RATIONALE: The kidneys are most responsible for drug excretion in children. Less commonly, some drugs may be excreted via the lungs or liver. Drugs are never excreted by the heart in children or adults. A 15-year-old adolescent is admitted to the telemetry unit because of suspected cardiac arrhythmia. A nurse applies five electrodes to his chest and then attaches the lead wires. Identify the area where the nurse should place the chest lead (V1). Correct Answer: RATIONALE: The nurse should place the V1 lead in the fourth intercostal space to the right of the sternum. A 44-lb preschooler is being treated for inflammation. The physician orders 0.2 mg/kg/day of dexamethasone (Decadron) by mouth to be administered every 6 hours. The elixir comes in a strength of 0.5 mg/5 ml. How many teaspoons of dexamethasone should the nurse give this client per dose? Record your answer using a whole number. Answer: teaspoons Correct Answer: 2 teaspoons RATIONALE: To perform this dosage calculation, the nurse should first convert the child's weight from pounds to kilograms: 44 lb ÷ 2.2 lb/kg = 20 kg Then she should calculate the total daily dose for the child: 20 kg × 0.2 mg/kg/day = 4 mg Next, the nurse should calculate the amount to be given at each dose: 4 mg ÷ 4 doses = 1 mg/dose The available elixir contains 0.5 mg of drug per 5 ml (which is equal to 1 teaspoon). Therefore, to give 1 mg of the drug, the nurse should administer 2 teaspoons (10 ml) to the child for each dose. A child is receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN). During TPN therapy, the most important nursing action is: 1. assessing vital signs every 30 minutes. 2. monitoring the blood glucose level closely. 3. elevating the head of the bed 60 degrees. 4. providing a daily bath. Correct Answer: 2. monitoring the blood glucose level closely. RATIONALE: Most TPN solutions contain a high glucose content, placing the client at risk for hyperglycemia. Therefore, the most important nursing action is to monitor the child's blood glucose level closely. A child receiving TPN isn't likely to require vital sign assessment every 30 minutes or elevation of the head of the bed. A daily bath isn't a priority. A child with hemophilia is hospitalized after falling. Now the child complains of severe pain in the left wrist. What should the nurse do first? 1. Perform passive range-of-motion (ROM) exercises on the wrist. 2. Massage the wrist and apply a warm compress. 3. Elevate the affected arm and apply ice to the injury site. 4. Notify the physician. Correct Answer: 3. Elevate the affected arm and apply ice to the injury site. RATIONALE: Severe joint pain in a child with hemophilia indicates bleeding; therefore, the nurse should first elevate the affected extremity and apply ice to the injury site to promote vasoconstriction. ROM exercises may worsen discomfort and bleeding. Massage and warm compresses also may increase bleeding. The nurse should notify the physician only after taking measures to stop the bleeding. A mother is discontinuing breast-feeding after 5 months. What should the nurse advise the mother to include in her infant's diet? 1. Iron-rich formula and baby food 2. Whole milk and baby food 3. Skim milk and baby food 4. Iron-rich formula alone Correct Answer: 4. Iron-rich formula alone RATIONALE: The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends iron-rich formula for 5-month-old infants and cautions against giving infants solid food — even baby food — until age 6 months. The Academy doesn't recommend whole milk before age 12 months or skim milk before age 2 years. The physician suspects tracheoesophageal fistula in a 1-day-old neonate. Which nursing intervention is most appropriate for this child? 1. Avoiding suctioning unless cyanosis occurs 2. Elevating the neonate's head and giving nothing by mouth 3. Elevating the neonate's head for 1 hour after feedings 4. Giving the neonate only glucose water for the first 24 hours Correct Answer: 2. Elevating the neonate's head and giving nothing by mouth RATIONALE: Because of the risk of aspiration, a neonate with a known or suspected tracheoesophageal fistula should be kept with the head elevated at all times and should receive nothing by mouth (NPO). The nurse should suction the neonate regularly to maintain a patent airway and prevent pooling of secretions. Elevating the neonate's head after feedings or giving glucose water are inappropriate because the neonate must remain on NPO status. According to Erikson's psychosocial theory of development, an 8-year-old child would be in which stage? 1. Trust versus mistrust 2. Initiative versus guilt 3. Industry versus inferiority 4. Identity versus role confusion Correct Answer: 3. Industry versus inferiority RATIONALE: In middle childhood, the 6- to 12-year-old child is mastering the task of industry versus inferiority. The trust versus mistrust task is in infancy (birth to 1 year). In early childhood, the 1- to 3-year-old child is in the stage of initiative versus guilt. Identity versus role confusion occurs during adolescence. A nurse in the pediatric intensive care unit is caring for the only survivor of a house fire that killed seven people. Reporters from local newspapers and television stations are at the hospital, trying to obtain information about the child's condition. The nurse knows that she: 1. may not disclose information regarding the child's condition. 2. may disclose the child's condition, but not his name. 3. may make a statement about how sad she feels for the little boy's family and friends. 4. should contact an attorney because of the legal issues involved in caring for the child. Correct Answer: 1. may not disclose information regarding the child's condition. RATIONALE: According to Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act standards, a nurse can't provide information regarding a child's care unless the child's parent or guardian authorizes her to do so. It wouldn't be appropriate for the nurse to contact an attorney at this time. Although not legally wrong, it wouldn't be appropriate for the nurse to make a statement about her feelings about the situation. The parents of a healthy infant request information about advance directives. The nurse's best response is to: 1. suggest that the parents discuss the matter with an attorney. 2. tell the parents that they should discuss advance directives with the physician. 3. provide the parents with a brochure about advance directives. 4. ask open-ended questions about the parents' concerns. Correct Answer: 4. ask open-ended questions about the parents' concerns. RATIONALE: Asking open-ended questions about the parents' concerns will help the nurse understand why they're asking for information. Advance directives are rarely prepared for healthy infants. The parents' request for information may indicate distress, and the nurse should obtain more details before giving them information. Although suggesting the parents talk to their attorney or to the physician and providing the parents with a brochure about advance directives are appropriate actions, the nurse must obtain additional information before implementing these choices. A parent asks the nurse for advice on disciplining a 3-year-old child. Which statement made by a parent indicates understanding of accepted discipline techniques? 1. "I don't think children younger than 5 understand the purpose of time-out." 2. "My husband uses one form of punishment and I use a different form." 3. "I don't listen to excuses." 4. "We try to be united and consistent in our approach to discipline." Correct Answer: 4. "We try to be united and consistent in our approach to discipline." RATIONALE: To deal with misbehavior most successfully, parents should be firm and consistent when taking appropriate disciplinary action. Usually, parents should begin setting limits and implementing discipline, such as using time-outs for inappropriate behavior, around age 1, or when the child begins to crawl and explore the environment. Rigidly enforcing rules wouldn't allow the development of autonomy and could lead to self-doubt. The parent should never be encouraged to withdraw attention or affection as a result of the child's behavior, or any other reason. An infant is diagnosed with a congenital hip dislocation. On assessment, the nurse expects to note: 1. symmetrical thigh and gluteal folds. 2. Ortolani's sign. 3. increased hip abduction. 4. femoral lengthening. Correct Answer: 2. Ortolani's sign. RATIONALE: In a child with a congenital hip dislocation, assessment typically reveals Ortolani's sign, asymmetrical thigh and gluteal folds, limited hip abduction, femoral shortening, and Trendelenburg's sign. A 9-year-old boy with diabetes mellitus tests his glucose level in the nurse's office before lunch. According to this sliding scale of insulin, he's due for 1 unit of regular insulin. What steps should a nurse follow after confirming the medication order, washing her hands, drawing up the appropriate dose, verifying the boy's identity, and putting on gloves? Put the following steps in chronological order. 1. Pinch the skin around the injection site 2. Release the skin and give the injection. 3. Clean site with an alcohol pad; loosen needle cover. 4. Select appropriate injection site with the child. 5. Cover the site with an alcohol pad. 6. Uncover needle; insert at 45- to 90- degree angle. Correct Answer: 4. Select appropriate injection site with the child. 3. Clean site with an alcohol pad; loosen needle cover. 1. Pinch the skin around the injection site 6. Uncover needle; insert at 45- to 90- degree angle. 2. Release the skin and give the injection. 5. Cover the site with an alcohol pad. RATIONALE: To give a subcutaneous injection of insulin to a child, the nurse should first select an appropriate injection site, being sure to discuss the selection with the child to ensure that injection sites are rotated. She should then clean the injection site with an alcohol pad and loosen the needle cover. The next step is to pinch the skin around the site. She should then uncover the needle and insert the needle at a 45- to 90-degree angle, release the skin, and give the injection. When finished, the nurse should cover the injection site with an alcohol pad and avoid rubbing the site. A nurse is preparing a child, age 4, for cardiac catheterization. Which explanation of the procedure is appropriate? 1. "Don't worry. It won't hurt." 2. "The test usually takes an hour." 3. "You must sleep the whole time that the test is being done." 4. "The special medicine will feel warm when it's put in the tubing." Correct Answer: 4. "The special medicine will feel warm when it's put in the tubing." RATIONALE: To prepare a 4-year-old child without increasing anxiety, the nurse should provide concrete information in small amounts about nonthreatening aspects of the procedure. Therefore, saying the special medicine will feel warm is most appropriate. Saying that it won't hurt may prevent the child from trusting the nurse in the future. Explaining the time needed for the procedure wouldn't provide sufficient information. Stating that the child will need to sleep isn't true and could provoke anxiety. A child has just been admitted to the facility and is displaying fear related to separation from his parents, the room being too dark, being hurt while in the hospital, and having many different staff members come into the room. Based on the nurse's knowledge of growth and development, the child is likely: 1. 7 to 12 months old (an infant). 2. 1 to 3 years old (a toddler). 3. 6 to 12 years old (a school-age child). 4. 12 to 18 years old (an adolescent). Correct Answer: 2. 1 to 3 years old (a toddler). RATIONALE: Toddlers show fear of separation from their parents, the dark, loud or sudden noises, injury, strangers, certain persons, certain situations, animals, large objects or machines, and change in environment. Infants show fear of strangers, the sudden appearance of unexpected and looming objects (including people), animals, and heights. School-age children show fear of supernatural beings, injury, storms, the dark, staying alone, separation from parents, things seen on television and in the movies, injury, tests and failure in school, consequences related to unattractive physical appearance, and death. Adolescents show fear of inept social performance, social isolation, sexuality, drugs, war, divorce, crowds, gossip, public speaking, plane and car crashes, and death. A physician orders an antibiotic for a child, age 6, who has an upper respiratory tract infection. To avoid tooth discoloration, the nurse expects the physician to avoid prescribing which drug? 1. Penicillin 2. Erythromycin 3. Tetracycline 4. Amoxicillin Correct Answer: 3. Tetracycline RATIONALE: Tetracycline should be avoided in children younger than age 8 because it may cause enamel hypoplasia and permanent yellowish gray to brownish tooth discoloration. Penicillin, erythromycin, and amoxicillin don't discolor the teeth. A nurse is reviewing her shift assignment. Which child should she assess first? 1. A 5-month-old infant with I.V. fluids infusing 2. An 11-month-old infant receiving chemotherapy through a central venous catheter 3. An 8-year-old child in traction with a femur fracture 4. A 14-year-old child who is postoperative and has a nasogastric tube and an indwelling urinary catheter Correct Answer: 2. An 11-month-old infant receiving chemotherapy through a central venous catheter RATIONALE: The nurse should assess the 11-month-old infant with a central venous catheter first. This child takes priority because he has an invasive line and is receiving chemotherapy, which may cause toxic effects. Next, the nurse should assess the 5-month-old infant with an I.V. infusion and then the 14-year-old postoperative child. Because he's the most stable, the nurse can assess the 8-year-old child in traction last. A toddler is in the hospital. The parents tell the nurse they're concerned about the seriousness of the child's illness. Which response to the parents is most appropriate? 1. "Please try not to worry. Your child will be fine." 2. "If you look around, you'll see other children who are much sicker." 3. "What seems to concern you about your child being hospitalized?" 4. "It must be difficult for you when your child is ill and hospitalized." Correct Answer: 4. "It must be difficult for you when your child is ill and hospitalized." RATIONALE: Expressing concern is the most appropriate response because it acknowledges the parents' feelings. False reassurance, such as telling parents not to worry, isn't helpful because it doesn't acknowledge their feelings. Encouraging parents to look at how ill other children are also isn't helpful because the focus of the parents is on their own child. Asking what the concern is merely reinforces the parents' concern without addressing it. A 15-month-old toddler has just received his routine immunizations, including diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis; inactivated polio vaccine; measles, mumps, and rubella; varicella; and pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. What information should the nurse give to the parents before they leave the office? Select all that apply. 1. Minor symptoms can be treated with acetaminophen (Tylenol). 2. Minor symptoms can be treated with aspirin (A.S.A.). 3. Call the office if the toddler develops a temperature above 103° F (39.4° C), seizures, or difficulty breathing. 4. Soreness at the immunization site and mild fever are common. 5. The immunizations prevent the toddler from contracting their associated diseases. 6. The toddler should restrict his activity for the remainder of the day. Correct Answer: 1. Minor symptoms can be treated with acetaminophen (Tylenol). 3. Call the office if the toddler develops a temperature above 103° F (39.4° C), seizures, or difficulty breathing. 4. Soreness at the immunization site and mild fever are common. RATIONALE: The nurse should tell the parents that minor symptoms, such as soreness at the immunization site and mild fever, can be treated with acetaminophen or ibuprofen. Aspirin should be avoided in children because of its association with Reye's syndrome. The parents should notify the clinic if serious complications (such as a temperature above 103° F, seizures, or difficulty breathing) occur. Minor discomforts, such as soreness and mild fever, are common after immunizations. Immunizing the child decreases the health risks associated with contracting certain diseases; it doesn't prevent the toddler from acquiring them. Although the child may prefer to rest after immunizations, it isn't necessary to restrict his activity. A mother of a 4-year-old child asks the nurse how to talk with her daughter about strangers. The little girl is very friendly and her mother is concerned that her child could be abducted. The nurse should tell the mother: 1. to talk with her daughter about what she should do if a stranger talks to her. 2. that she lives in a safe town and shouldn't worry. 3. to talk with her daughter about bad people and remind her to tell Mommy if someone she doesn't know talks to her. 4. contact social services, which is better equipped to respond to her questions. Correct Answer: 1. to talk with her daughter about what she should do if a stranger talks to her. RATIONALE: Preschoolers can begin to take a role in their own safety. They must be taught what a stranger is and what to do if a stranger approaches them. Living in a safe town doesn't eliminate the need to warn a child about talking to strangers. Although it's appropriate for the mother to talk with her daughter about strangers and have the daughter tell her if a stranger approaches her, the child needs to be aware of what to do at the time that the situation occurs, not only afterward. Contacting social services isn't appropriate because the nurse is capable of answering the mother's questions. A nurse is reviewing a care plan for an adolescent girl who's receiving chemotherapy for leukemia who was admitted for pneumonia. The adolescent's platelet count is 50,000 μl. Which item in the care plan should the nurse revise? 1. Keep a sign over the bed that reads "NO NEEDLE STICKS AND NOTHING PER RECTUM." 2. Use two peripheral I.V. intermittent infusion devices, one for blood draws and one for infusions. 3. Administer oxygen at a rate of 4 L/minute using a nonhumidified nasal cannula. 4. Use a tympanic membrane sensor to measure her temperature at the bedside. Correct Answer: 3. Administer oxygen at a rate of 4 L/minute using a nonhumidified nasal cannula. RATIONALE: Oxygen should be humidified to assure that irritation of the mucosa doesn't occur. This adolescent's platelet level is decreased, so she's at risk for bleeding. The nose is a vascular region that can bleed easily if the mucosa is dried by the oxygen. Therefore, the nurse should revise the care plan to reflect use of humidified oxygen. A sign to remind others to avoid needle sticks and to not give anything via the rectum, the presence of two peripheral I.V.s, and the use of a tympanic temperature device are all aspects of care that would decrease the adolescent's risk of bleeding. A nurse practicing in a nurse-managed clinic suspects that an 8-year-old child's chronic sinusitis and upper respiratory tract infections may result f [Show More]

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