Public Health Exam 1 questions and answers, 100% pass rate,

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Public Health Exam 1 questions and answers, 100% pass rate, What is epidemiology? - ✔✔the study of factors that determine the occurrence and distribution of disease in a population ex: vie ... tnamese study of high death rate from motorcycle incidents. Government enforced helmets and decreased deaths. epidemiology is considered the basic science of ________________, providing methods to study disease, injury, and clinical practice - ✔✔public health T/F Epidemiology is the collection and analysis of data on populations - ✔✔True Professional who works with local health organizations, CDC, WHO - ✔✔Epidemiologist What are the five different types of epidemiology? - ✔✔Classical Clinical syndromic Infectious disease Chronic disease Epidemiology focused on health problems in the community. Population oriented Ex: infectious agents; human behavior, social, economical - ✔✔Classical Epidemiology entails research and statistical analysis of data sets Patient oriented and looks at where the outbreak is occuring and how many people are projected to be effected Focus on health problems in the health care settings ex: how is hypertension effecting each person - ✔✔Clinical Epidemiology Patterns of signs and symptoms useful to indicate an origin in bioterrorism ex: tracing the corona virus back to it's original source - ✔✔syndromic Epidemiology investigates occurrence of epidemics of communicable diseases dependent heavily on laboratory support (microbiology and serology) - ✔✔Infectious disease Epidemiology study long term effects on chronic disease risk of physical and social exposure dependent on sampling and statistical methods - ✔✔Chronic disease Epidemiology The cause or origin of a disease or condition - ✔✔etiology The way a disease progresses in the absence of medical or public health intervention - ✔✔Natural History Interventions to disrupt etiologic causes can ___________ disease from occurring. - ✔✔prevent Interventions to disrupt natural history can _______ progression of disease. - ✔✔slow disease process has not started early intervention may avert exposure to the agent of disease - ✔✔Predisease/ Primary prevention Disease process has already begun, still asymptomatic screening and providing apt treatment of disease may prevent progression present but not really effecting the person - ✔✔latent disease/ secondary prevention Disease manifestations are evident health interventions may slow, arrest, or reverse the progression of disease - ✔✔Symptomatic/tertiary prevention Factors of disease include - ✔✔agents -ex:plasmodium host -ex: human risk factors vectors -ex:mosquito vehicle Agents of disease include - ✔✔Biological (e.g., bacteria) Chemical (e.g., lead) Physical (e.g., trauma) Social and psychological stressors The individual's ability to withhold the attacks by the agent. - ✔✔host Risk factors include: - ✔✔genotype, immune system, and social behaviors ex: environment probability and circumstance of contact between host and agent Organism in the environment agent to host. (e.g., insects and other arthropods, mammals, other humans) - ✔✔Vectors Inanimate mechanism through which the vector operates (e.g., hypodermic needle or gun) - ✔✔Vehicle ________________ is attempting to determine the origin of a disease process or condition - ✔✔Etiology The major categories of risk factors for disease can be described by what model? - ✔✔BEINGS Model BEINGS model - ✔✔B Biologic and behavioral factors (gender, age, weight) E Environmental factors I Immunologic factors N Nutritional factors G Genetic factors S Services, social factors, and spiritual factors The framework of examining people not as individuals but as members of communities in a social context is called _____________________. - ✔✔ecological perspective T/F The biodiversity of communities in the world can lead to negative side effects of medical or health/disease interventions. - ✔✔True ex:the tsetse fly (a vector of African sleeping disease in cattle) led to a large number of cattle, which led to overgrazed areas. These areas were prone to drought, which resulted in famine and starvation of cattle and humans. Initial solution to childhood infections and the unintended consequences from it: - ✔✔Solution: Vaccination Unintended Consequences: Decrease in the level of immunity during adulthood, caused by a lack of repeated exposure to infection Solution to high infant mortality rate and the unintended consequences: - ✔✔solution: Improved sanitation Unintended consequence:Increase in the population growth rate; appearance of epidemic paralytic poliomyelitis Solution to malnutrition and need for larger areas of tillable land and unintended consequences: - ✔✔Solution: erection of large river dams Unintended consequences: Increase in rates of some infectious diseases, casued by water system changes that favor the vectors of disease In the absence of herd immunity the number of cases ________ each disease generation. - ✔✔doubles In the presence of 50% herd immunity, the number of cases remain ___________. infection should die out eventually if greater than 50% immunity - ✔✔constant in epidemics, the number of people with severe forms of the disease (the part of the iceberg above water) may be much smaller than the number of people with mild or asymptomatic clinical disease (part of iceberg below water) - ✔✔iceberg phenomenon [Show More]

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