PCCM 1 Final Exam Questions and answers, Rated A+

PCCM 1 Final Exam Questions and answers, Rated A+ Proper determination of seat width of a wheel chair? Why? - ✔✔measure the widest aspect of the users bottom and add aprox. 1.5 inches, protects greater trochanters ...

PCCM 1 Final Exam Questions and answers, Rated A+ Proper determination of seat width of a wheel chair? Why? - ✔✔measure the widest aspect of the users bottom and add aprox. 1.5 inches, protects greater trochanters Proper determination of seat depth of a W/C? Why? - ✔✔measure from the users bottom to along the lateral thigh to the popliteal fold then subtract approx. 2 inches, protects popliteal space Proper determination of leg length of W/C? Why? - ✔✔the foot plates should be approx. 2 inches from the floor, to clear the ground and keep from bumping into things Proper determination of armrest height of W/C? Why? - ✔✔measure from seat of chair to olecranon process w/ elbow flexed to 90 degrees then add 1 inch. Proper determination of seat height of W/C? - ✔✔measure from users heel to the popliteal fold and add 2 inches to allow clearance of the foot rest Proper determination of back height of W/C? - ✔✔measure from the seat of the chair to the floor of the axilla, with the users shoulders flexed to 90 degrees, and subtract 4 inches. This will allow for the final back height to be below the inferior angles of the scapulae. How does a patient propel W/C with both upper extremities? What type? - ✔✔Each hand on the respective hand rim, pushing wheels forward. How does a patient propel W/C with one upper extremity and one lower extremity? - ✔✔Similar to with both hands, but just one is used to propel, while foot acts as a rudder. Could be standard, heavy adult, etc, or hemiplegic, one hand drive (control of both wheels on one rim) How does a patient propel W/C with both lower extremities? - ✔✔Pt uses heels and soles of foot to propel chair forward and back and uses as a rudder. (all standard walkers) What is the benefit of a one hand drive w/c? - ✔✔two hand rims are fabricated on one drive wheel, and the two drive wheels are connected by a linkage bar List the primary components of standard W/C? - ✔✔armrest, "front rigging" (leg rests/foot rests), heel loop, footplate, caster wheel, hand rim, wheel lock/brakes, push handle Asepsis - ✔✔the absence of microorganisms that produce disease, the prevention infection by maintaining a sterile condition Disinfection - ✔✔process that destroys all pathogenic organisms except spores Nosocomial infection - ✔✔hospital acquired infection sepsis - ✔✔The presence of pathogenic microorganisms or their toxins in the blood or tissues spore - ✔✔A hard, thick-walled capsule formed by some bacteria that contains only the essential parts of the protoplasm of the bacterial cell. Sterilization - ✔✔The process that completely destroys all microbial life, including spores. Infectious agent - ✔✔a pathogen, such as a bacterium or virus that can cause a disease reservoir - ✔✔microorganisms require a place where they can grow or reproduce, (humans, contaminated food, water, insects, etc) exit - ✔✔microorganisms require a means by which they can leave the host (wound, respiratory tract, intestinal tract, etc) method of transmission - ✔✔microorganisms must pass from one person to another to spread the infection ( from soiled dressings, exudate from a wound, needle stick, contaminated water, etc) entry - ✔✔to infect another person, the microorganism must be able to enter that person (i.e. cut, abrasion, respiratory tract, etc) susceptible host - ✔✔the person who receives the microorganism must be susceptible to them)a person with low or limited systemic resistance to the organism, children etc) Contact precautions - ✔✔private room, gloves, gown required w/in 6 feet of patient - cdiff, MRSA, VRE Droplet precautions - ✔✔private room, gloves, mask required w/in 3 feet of patient - pertussis, flu Airborne precautions - ✔✔room with negative airflow, gloves, n 95 respirator mask - pneumonia, TB, measles, chickenpox how to assess pulse or respiration rate - ✔✔palpate pulse point and count for 30 seconds, multiply by 2 normal heart rate for adult - ✔✔60-100 bpm normal heart rate for newborn - ✔✔120-160 bpm normal heart rate for child - ✔✔80-120 bpm What are you assessing when you take BP while sitting, standing and lying supine? - ✔✔orthostatic BP (confirmed if there is a drop in more that 20 pt systolic and more than 10 pt drop in diastolic) normal body temperature - ✔✔96.8-99.3 (decreases with age) What are the 5 vital signs (plus the extra one)? - ✔✔pulse, respiration, BP, O2 saturation, temperature (pain) Norms for O2 saturation? - ✔✔95-100%, below 90% is hypoxemia, below 60% the body is shutting down pulse quality - ✔✔the rhythm (regular or irregular) and force (strong or weak) of the pulse, thready Pulse oximeter can measure the pulse, but cannot tell you the ____________________ of the pulse. - ✔✔quality What makes up the systolic pressure? - ✔✔the contraction of the left ventricle; kortoff's level 1 sound What makes up the diastolic pressure? - ✔✔rest period of the heart, kortoffs level 5 sound What is normal adult BP? - ✔✔110-120/70-80 green What is prehypertensive BP? - ✔✔120-139/80-89 lime What is HTN 1 BP? - ✔✔140-159/90-99 yellow What is HTN2 BP? - ✔✔160-179/100-109 - contact the Dr orange What is hypertensive crisis? - ✔✔180+/110+ - may need emergency care REDDD what is the common BP for the elderly? - ✔✔130-140/80 Nicotene, alcohol, salt, arthrosclerosis, and oral contraceptives do what to BP? - ✔✔increase too small of a BP cuff artificially _______________ BP reading. - ✔✔increases too big of a BP cuff artificially _______________ BP reading. - ✔✔decreases occlusion pt. - ✔✔the point at which the brachial artery is occluded (and you can no longer feel a pulse) Where do you start the BP cuff at to measure? - ✔✔20 mmHg over occlusion point How wide should a BP cuff be? - ✔✔40% of arm circumference How long should a BP bladder be? - ✔✔80% of arm circumference What are precautions for measuring BP, and when would you just use the other side? - ✔✔strokes, ortho injury; other side: IV, lymphedema, AV fistula Decrease balance, visual field and concentration are symptoms of... - ✔✔hypotension decreased heart rate, impaired vision, and a pounding headache are symptoms of... - ✔✔hypertension What are normal rates of respiration? - ✔✔12-18 breaths/min at rest for adults 30-50 breaths/min for infants Accessible housing - ✔✔A residence built or modified to meet specific requirements for accessibility and that enables an individual to function at his or her optimal level of independence Adaptable Housing - ✔✔a residence designed so that some of its features can be altered to enable a person to function as independently as possible Universal design housing - ✔✔A residence designed to be used by all persons to their greatest level of independence without the need for adaptation. Disability - ✔✔a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activities Undue Burden - ✔✔significant difficulty or expense Qualified individual with a disability - ✔✔A person