Biochemistry ACS Final Exam latest updated 2022

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What is the D configuration of a sugar in a Fisher projection? - ANSWER chyrol carbon furthest from the carboxyl group hydroxyl on right What is the L configuration of a sugar in a Fisher projec ... tion? - ANSWER hydroxyl on left What is the difference between glycogen and amylopectin? - ANSWER glycogen- has branches about every 10 residues (more highly branched) amylopectin- has branches about every 25 What is amylose made up of? - ANSWER glucose What makes up starch? - ANSWER amylose amlyopectin What is a glycosidic bond? - ANSWER links two monosaccharides together at points 1 and 4 What is the difference between an alpha(1-4) and beta(1-4) linkage? - ANSWER alpha: when the oxygen is pointed down in a glycosidic bond beta: when the oxygen is pointed up in a glycosidic bond What is the definition of a carbohydrate? - ANSWER all have hydroxyl and carbonyl functional groups Difference between aldose and ketose - ANSWER aldose has an aldohyde ketose has a ketone What makes up sucrose? - ANSWER fructose and glucose monosaccharides What makes up lactose? - ANSWER glucose and galactose monosaccharides What makes up mannose? - ANSWER two glucose monosaccharides What are lipids? - ANSWER soluble in other nonpolar solvents (not water) What are triglycerides composed of? - ANSWER glycerol and three fatty acids What is saponification? - ANSWER base hydrolysis of a triglyceride or other fat strong base is added breaks ester linkages to release hydroxyls and form glycerol What has a higher level of unsaturation -- oils or fats? - ANSWER oils liquid at room temperature What is the structure of the plasma membrane? - ANSWER hydrophylic head hydrophobic fatty acid tails proteins span the phospholipid bilayer Why type of amino acid is present in the plasma membrane among the fatty acid tails? - ANSWER hydrophobic/nonpolar What is passive transport (simple diffusion)? - ANSWER no energy required no protein required move from high concentration to low concentration water, gases, ethanol (small nonpolar) can pass through What is facilitated diffusion? - ANSWER requires protein no energy required molecules are two large to go through on their own What is active transport? - ANSWER energy is required moves from low to high concentration [Show More]

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