WGU Biochem C785: Unit 4 DNA and RNA/Latest Updated

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DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) (ANS - An organisms genetic material found in the nucleus of a cell Double stranded helical nucleic acid molecule consisting of nucleotide monomers with deoxyribose sugar and nitrogenous bases (A, C, G, T) capable of replicating Which nucleotides/bases are used in DNA? (ANS – A - Adenine C - Cystine G - Guanine T - Thymine RNA (ribonucleic acid) (ANS - A nucleic acid consisting of nucleotide monomers with a ribose sugar and nitrogenous bases (A, C, G, U) Usually single stranded Functions in protein synthesis, gene regulation, and as the genome of some viruses Central Dogma (ANS - DNA -> RNA -> Protein DNA -> Transcription ->mRNA -> Translation -> Protein The process by which the instructions in DNA are converted into a functional product The flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA protein Which nucleotides/bases are used in RNA? (ANS A - Adenine C - Cystine G - Guanine U - Uracil Which nucleotides/bases pair together to form DNA? (ANS – A - T C - G Which nucleotides/bases pair together to form RNA? (ANS – A - U C - G Genes (ANS - A segment of a DNA molecule that information or directions on how to build a protein Gene Expression (ANS – When a gene in DNA is "turned on" or used to make the protein is specifies Includes 2 Stages: Transcription and Translation Nucleotides (ANS - Basic units of DNA molecule, composed of a sugar, a phosphate, and one of 4 DNA bases Antiparallel (ANS - The opposite arrangement of the sugar-phosphate backbones in a DNA double helix (5'-3', 3'-5') Complementary (coding) Strand (ANS - A strand of DNA or RNA that has complementary bases to the template strand, another strand of DNA or RNA Ex/ During DNA replication, the new strand that is formed is a complementary strand Complementary Bases: A-U, C-G Runs in 5' to 3' direction Template DNA (ANS - The piece of DNA that the RNA polymerase enzyme assembles the messenger (mRNA) along. Called a template because it fits the formal definition fo a template Coding DNA (ANS - The opposite strand of DNA in the double helix The complementary, antiparallel partner DNA strand Also called the Non-Template Strand Replication (ANS - The process of copying a molecule of DNA Transcription (ANS - The process where a gene's DNA is copied and (transcribed) into an RNA molecule to make a protein 3 Phases - Initiation -Elongation - Termination Initiation (ANS - The DNA molecule unwinds and separates Elongation (ANS - RNA polymerase moves along the template strand, synthesizing mRNA molecules Termination (ANS - When a stop codon is reached

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