WGU C217 Objective Assessment Study Guide. Questions and answers, 100% pass rate, Graded A+

WGU C217 Objective Assessment Study Guide. Questions and answers, 100% pass rate, Graded A+ Multidimensional Perspective - ✔✔how cognitive, biological, and socioemotional development influence each other Multidim ...

WGU C217 Objective Assessment Study Guide. Questions and answers, 100% pass rate, Graded A+ Multidimensional Perspective - ✔✔how cognitive, biological, and socioemotional development influence each other Multidimensionally speaking, if a young boy breaks his leg how will he not develop according to Piaget? - ✔✔He will not be able to develop cognitively because he can't move to experience the world around him What are two examples of how growth expands and shrinks? - ✔✔Fluid intelligence, Crystallized intelligence When does fluid intelligence peak? - ✔✔In early adulthood, then declines When does crystallized intelligence increase - ✔✔continuously Plastic perspective - ✔✔the capacity for change When is a growth mindset most prevalent? - ✔✔In middle childhood because they are aware that they can change and develop. Memory training - ✔✔in older adults it can grow their cognitive abilities Multidisciplinary discipline - ✔✔Any field of study that finds interest in and studies human life and development Contextual development - ✔✔Every part of development happens in some type of context 3 Influences of contextual development - ✔✔normative age, normative history, non-normative Normative age - ✔✔growth and development specific to a certain age (graduation) Normative history - ✔✔A person acts a certain way because they grew up during the Great Depression. Non-Normative life events - ✔✔specific to one person, effects their development. (death of a parent at a young age) 5 Types of perspectives - ✔✔Psychoanalytical, Cognitive, Behavioral, Ecological, Ethological Psychoanalytical Theorists - ✔✔Freud, Erickson Behavioral theorists - ✔✔Skinner, Bandura Cognitive theorists - ✔✔Piaget, Vgotsky Ecological Theorist - ✔✔Bronfenbrenner Ethological perspective - ✔✔Behavior is strongly influenced by biology and evolution. Characterized by specific periods of development. Psychoanalytical perspective - ✔✔-Unconscious forces - early experiences both shape development Cognitive perspective - ✔✔social and cultural interaction guide development Behavioral perspective - ✔✔we can only study what can be directly observed and measures. Ecological perspective - ✔✔environmental systems have several layers Information Processing - ✔✔cognitive theory that states how people process information, thoughts, memory, and language Who is famous for his psychoanalytic theory? - ✔✔Erick Erickson Erickson states that development is: - ✔✔Social and reflects a desire to affiliate with other people How many psycho social stages are there? - ✔✔8 Erickson believes that personality is shaped in the first ____ years of life - ✔✔5 Discontinuity - ✔✔development happens in stages and not all at once What are Erickson's stages of development? - ✔✔-Trust vs. Mistrust -Autonomy vs. Shame / guilt -Initiative vs. guilt -Industry vs. Inferiority -Identity vs. Role Confusion -Intimacy vs. Isolation -Generativity vs. Stagnation -Integrity vs. despair -Trust vs. Mistrust - ✔✔First year. warmth / constant care -Autonomy vs. Shame / guilt - ✔✔Second year. Independence, over protective parents can hinder this and cause guilt -Initiative vs. guilt - ✔✔3-5 years. make things happen, wider social world (language) -Industry vs. Inferiority - ✔✔6-12 years. mastering skills, role of parents, peers, and school -Identity vs. Role Confusion - ✔✔Adolescence. What is identity? -Intimacy vs. Isolation - ✔✔Early adulthood 20s-30s. Influenced by the last stage. -Generativity vs. Stagnation - ✔✔Middle adulthood 40s-50s. Think about their legacy and what they leave behind. -Integrity vs. despair - ✔✔Late adulthood 60s and up. Integrity- life well spent despair- reflect What is Piaget's theory - ✔✔Cognitive development theory How many stages does Piaget believe children go through? - ✔✔4 Piaget believes each stage is a ... - ✔✔qualitatively different way of thinking Cognitive development is the change in how a child _____ not how much they know. - ✔✔Think What are Piagets 4 stages of cognitive development? - ✔✔Sensorimotor, Pre - operational, Concrete operational, Formal Operational sensrimotor stage - ✔✔-Birth to 2 years -infants learn by coordinating sensory experience with motor actions object permanence - ✔✔Understanding objects are there even when they can't be seen. Centration - ✔✔the tendency to focus on one dimension at a time. Conservation - ✔✔awareness that altering an object does not change it's basic properties Pre Operational - ✔✔-2 to 7 years. -Can use symbols and words -Can't use operations Symbolic function - ✔✔-egocentrism -animism Egocentrism - ✔✔the inability to distinguish between one's own perspective and someone else's perspective Animism - ✔✔the belief that inanimate objects have lifelike qualities and are capable of actions and feelings Intuitive thought - ✔✔-primitive reasoning -not fully logical Primitive reasoning - ✔✔asking lots of questions about the world. "why and how" Concrete operational - ✔✔-7 to 11 years -ability to use logic in a concrete situation Logical skills associated with the concrete operational stage - ✔✔Conservation and Seriation Conservation - ✔✔combining the understanding of relationships and drawing conclusions seriation - ✔✔putting things in order (ex: shortest to tallest) Formal operational - ✔✔-11+ years -Abstract and Hypothetical reasoning -Idealism idealism - ✔✔"what could be" Criticisms of Piaget - ✔✔doesn't consider culture or education correlational research - ✔✔describe the strength of the relationship between two or more events or characteristics (ex: as height increases, so does weight) what is true of correlation research in regards to the study of infant attachment? - ✔✔German infants are more likely to be avoidant while Japanese infants were more likely to be resistant experimental approach - ✔✔-establish cause and effect -researchers must control "who gets what" in order to eliminate other explanations independant variable - ✔✔The factor that is manipulated; variable whose effect is being studied Case study - ✔✔in depth look at a single individual descriptive research - ✔✔observing and recording information How many chromosomes do humans have? - ✔✔46 Genotype - ✔✔genetic makeup of an organism Phenotype - ✔✔An organism's physical appearance, or visible traits. Behavior genetics - ✔✔how genes and the environment interact ti change development Twin study - ✔✔A study in which the behavioral similarity of identical twins is compared with the behavioral similarity of fraternal twins. adoption studies - ✔✔assess hereditary influence by examining the resemblance between adopted children and both their biological and their adoptive parents